PAGE 6
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Oregon '
Monday, June 10, Htfl
fcdjfofimL (paqsL
GOP Faces Primary Issue
.' The flurry of talk about tossing a flock
if favorite sons into the 1964 GOP presiden
tial race could evaporate when the present
confusion in the party shakes down a little.
Some experienced politicians listening to
tin's talk believe it is a direct response to the
uncertainty introduced when New York's Gov.
Nelson Rockefeller remarried. Politicians in
doubt tend to seek protective cover. The fav
orite son device qualifies as such.
Right now favorite son candidates seem a
sure thing in Wisconsin, a strong prospect in
Ohio and Colorado, a possibility in Oregon
and California. All of these save Colorado are
also states which conduct presidential prefer
ence primaries.
j If the trend toward favorite son candi
dates in such states should persist into 1964,
that would raise a question of major impor
tance to Republican voters.
The principal candidates now in sight
for the GOP nomination are Rockefeller, Sen.
Barry Goldwater of Arizona, and Gov. George
Romney of Michigan. The first two, particu
larly, are expected to be in sharp combat in
state after state.
' Whatever the faults of the presidential
primary system and they are many these
tests are the only expression voters can give
zjs to their choices for the nomination. They
are the only means by which legitimate can
didates can measure their real potential.
But the widespread resort to favorite
sons would tend to discourage such tests.
Where a respected state leader is given this
honor, the real candidates often decide to stay
out and not challenge him. Sometimes it is in
fear of defeat. Sometimes it reflects a wish to
avoid embarrassing the leader on his home
grounds.
There are only some 15 states which hold
presidential primaries. A few are quite minor.
But those in Wisconsin, Oregon and Cali
fornia are among the potentially most signifi
cant on the list.
It would hardly be healthy for Republi
can presidential politics if these states were
to be stripped from the agenda of major tests
in 1964.
Politicians of course are of two minds
about primaries. They devour the evidence
they offer of a candidate's salability. They
welcome the national publicity they bring the
party.
But they really would like these bene
fits of open competition without the attendant
pain. They dislike the divisive effects of bat
tle, the cost and the trouble.
But as the Republicans approach the 1964
contest, their leaders must ask themselves
whether the American people want a decision
arrived at behind hotel room doors at conven
tion time or a decision the voters have had
at least some part in shaping.
The Magic That Failed-
(The Wall Street Journal)
Idling of the highly touted nuclear ship
Savannah by a labor dispute may or may not
be "simply unbelievable" and a "national dis
grace," as Representative Herbert Bonner
says. But maybe by the time the vessel leaves
fcalveston where she now is immobilized she
Mil have provided a useful lesson to those
iyho regard arbitration as a sure-fire way to
avoid long and costly employer-employe dead
locks. What's keeping the Savannah In port is
a dispute over wages between the engineers'
union, the Marine Engineers Beneficial Assoc
iation, and the deck' officers represented by
the International Organization of Masters,
Mates and Pilols. Conflicts over wages be
tween below-dccks and topside personnel have
been going on ever since steam replaced sails.
As the complexity of ships' machinery has In
creased, engineer pay has gone up, until now
fl is about on a par wilh deck officers.
;t But on the Savannah the engineers' pay,
p'ased on (he extra training needed to handle
the ship's nuclear reactor was about 20 per
cent higher than that of deck officers. Result:
A dispute which in due time was submitted to
arbitration. The arbitrator, following histori
cal precedent under which deck officers in
charge of a ship earn higher pay than other
members of the crew, ruled that whatever the
engineers were paid, top deck officers should
receive more.
Now this satisfied the deck officers, but
was wholly unacceptable to the engineers.
Though an effort by Government and the
ship's operator to get the arbitration ruling
changed was pending in the courts, the engi
neers turned off the reactor, lights and wa
ter, thus forcing officers and everyone else
to move ashore. At this, the engineers were
fired. So the Savannah's "Atoms for Peace"
cruise abroad awaits months-long training of
a new engineering crew in the intricacies of
nuclear power.
All this is slightly ridiculous. But it's1
also rather odd that so many people these
days are looking to arbitration as the smooth
magic which will supplant old-fashioned, often
bumpy-road collective bargaining. As the Sa
vannah demonstrates, there's nothing magi
cal about arbitration. Indeed, in this nuclear
dispute it even deepened the fissions.
WASHINGTON REPORT
House Committee Scores
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Tk ntvu-ntinff hllrfCGt loT the
Bouse UnAmerlcan AcUvitios
Jommittee last year was $.150,000.
Beleaguered taxpayers gov ur-u
nioncy'a worth In a single inves
tigation. Within hours alter Radio
Moscow had announced the de
fection to the Soviet Union ol two
American intelligence operatives,
1IUAC Chairman Francis Waller
ordered an investigation Into se
curity practices at the super-secret
National Security Agency.
House liberals moved quickly
Almanac
"lly United Press International
"Today la Monday, June 10. the
'ft I it day of 13 with 204 to
follow.
The moon Is approaching its
last quarter.
The morning stars are Venus,
Jupiter and Saturn.
The evening star is Mars.
On this day In history:
In 1776, the Continental Con
gress appointed a committee to
draft a Declaration of Independ
ence. In IBM. tlic t'SS Kearsarge sank,
the Confederate cruiser Alabama
off Cherbourg, France, during the
Civil War.
Id 1942. the German Ceslnpo
turned the tiny village of Lidice,
(ft Czechoslovakia, alter shooting
the 173 male Inhabitants of the
town, and deporting the women
and children to concentration
camps,
A Uwght for tin day - Henry
David Thoreau said: "It takes two
to speak the truth-one to speak
and another to hear."
behind the scenes to thwart the
11UAC probe. In an effort to per
suade Iteprcsentative Walter to
call off liis investigation, they
managed to get anotlier group a
subcommittee of Uie Armed Serv
ices Committee to announce its
intention of probing NSA.
Undeterred by the presenco ol
other investigators, Chairman
Waller continued his work while a
lilieral columnist howled that the
Pennsylvania Democrat was too
heavy-handed to probe NSA.
Members of the competing sub
committee quickly demonstrated
their Interest. They held a hand
ful of hearings, then issued a
statement giving NSA a clean bill
of health, never bothering to issue
a report on Uieir findings.
IIUAC probers uncovered the
following items, unknown to NSA
securily officials at the time that
Bernon F. Mitchell and William
11. Martin pulled their disappear
ing ad:
1. Martin associated w ith known
Communists.
1. The two traveled to Castro
Cuba in December, 1109. without
permission of Uie agency and in
violation of its directives.
3. Martin was sexually abnorm
al and was, in fact, masochist.
4. Mitchell had posed (or nude
color slides perclied on a velvet
covered stool.
5. Mitchell and Martin were
professed agnostics, hitter in their
denunciation of the United
States, lavish in their praise of
Uie Soviet Union. This was com
mon knowledge among several
dozen employes of NSA. but un
known to its 0((ic of Securily
Services.
. Mitchell conlessed to a psy
chiatrist in May, that he had
been a homosexual for many
years.
Behind closed doors, without
any distracting glare of national
publicity, the IIUAC prob
ers worked hard. They chalked up
J.000 man hours in IS slates track
ing down information. Sixteen sep
arate executive session hearings
were lield. Scores of former MSA
employes were Interviewed and
34 present and onetime employes
were called for sworn testimony.
When Chairman Waller turned
over his findings to Defense De
partment top brass, NSA's direc
tor of personnel was fired. Com
mittee investigators discovered
that Maurice Klein had falsified
his own government record.
Tlie director of security, S. Wes
ley Reynolds, and two other em
ployes in the Ollice of Securily
Services were also ordered to re
sign for violation of regulations
governing favors and gratuities.
Twenty six employes were
dropped from agency rolls for
sexual deviation.
Following IIUAC recommenda
tions. Die Office of Security Serv
ices was reorganized to permit
"maximum emplvasis on counter
intelligence and personnel securi
ty " Its investigative staff was
extended to handle a much larger
number of selected cases. No long
er could one medium-grade evalu
alor pass judgment on the securi
ty clearance lor a prospective
ernplnv e.
A key House bill, lilt ftSO. de
signed to make sweeping rc.'orms
in NSA personnel procedures, was
reported out of committee. It
passed tlie House earlier this
month by a vote of .140-40.
"This case." sav Hep. John
Ashhrook. who joined IIUAC after
the NSA investigation, "could well
serve as a model for proper coop
eration between government agen
cies and legislative committee."
Meeting of Minds
Helping The Reds To Victory
By DURWARD G. HALL
MISSOURI CONGRESSMAN
We Americans are paying to
help make communism work.
Two projects of the Special Fund ,
of the United Nations are now be
ing conducted in Poland. One allo
cates more than $1,000,000 to aid
Polish agriculture: Uie other al
lows at least $700,000 to help Po
lish industry. Forty per cent of
these grants equals some $688,
000 the amount American taxpay
ers are coughing up under a defi
cit budget to help make commu
nism work.
It should he noted that Polish
Communist Premier Joseph Cy
rankiewicz recently talked with
Mexican officials with the an
nounced purpose of pressuring
them to lay off Castro.
This Polish agriculture program
is not a food-for-pcace plan we
Americans are subsidizing.
Nor is it a plan whereby our.
surplus agricultural materials are
used to benefit needy persons.
It is a program for which wo
get no credit, into which we put
our dollars and by which we arc
helping the Reds learn how to
feed their people wilh them get
ting credit for any improvement.
American taxpayers are paying
to help improve communism's
most colossal failure a failure
even they admit. Under the Unit
ed Nations Special Fund, Ameri
can taxpayers are contributing to
a project designed to teach com
munists how to feed their people,
something they never have been
able to do before.
Consider some of the details of
this Polish food project:
Last January tlie Governing
Council of the U.N. Special Fund
approved expenditures in Poland
of $1,020.5110 for a four-year pro
ject entitled "Research and Exten
sion Services for Food Production,
Processing and Utilization." The
goal is the establishment of a na
tional center of nutritional re
search, education and food exten
sion services, and technical ad
visory services to the food indus
try. The Food and Agriculture Or
ganization KAO of the United
Nations remember that .'arm pro
ject in Cuba? is the executing
agency. The discussion of this pro
ject in a Special Fund document,
marked for "restricted" distribu
tion, notes that Poland wishes to
bring "special emphasis to bear
on questions of nutritional policy
as related to communal feeding."
Poland, the U N says, "has em
barked on a policy of coordination,
extension and upgrading of the
research now being done on food
production and processing, with a
view to solving the most press
ing nutritional problems."
No doubt, the Reds are feeling
some pressure from the spirited
Polish people who are getting a
little hungry, but more pointedly
resent being levied on in kind.
In this case, the Reds would wel
come a few capitalistic dollars to
help them over this rough. Red
spot.
The U.N. without asking the
American taxpayer has agreed
to help solve this communist prob
lem. The Special Fund will pro
vide 14 man-years of experts, in
cluding a project manager. 9
man-years of fellowships and
equipment.
As a final glorious note, the
restricted United Nations docu
ment observes that, once the Unit- I
cd Nations has paid to help get
this program and institutes set up.
the Red Polish Government will
be glad to keep on using them
after the U.N. has left.
But solving the Red food crisis
Is not the only spending concern
of the American-buttressed Unit
ed Nations. The Special Fund is
providing at least $700,000 for a
project entitled "National Center
for Training Supervisory Person
nel in Industry" a 3-year project
administered by ILO The Inter
national Labor Organization.
The American share of that
grant 40 per cent is $280,000. I
wonder if there arc any American
cities which have improvement
projects needing $280,000 worth of
help?
This industry project, started in
1939, is designed, says the U.N.,
in a document marked for "lim
ited" distribution: "To develop a
center to provide research, con
sulting services, and specialized
training in supervisory techniques,
with initial emphasis on preparing
personnel to serve as instructors
in regional centers."
We are told that an 1LO mis
sion to Poland estimated that
there were 140.000 Poles in super
visory grades in industry who
could benefit by having specialized
training. In addition, tlie ILO esti
mated that 15,000 Polish engineers
require further training.
Let us remember that it was
the United Nations who decided
this communist nation's engineers
needed further training not the
American taxpayers.
The U.N. tells us that "the Gov-
BERRY'S WORLD
"Ytb, .Mac, hnw many 'sijft' DOES )Our
Tintngon btvt"
crnment of Poland is preparing to
establish a series of training cen
ters in productivity and supervis
ory techniques to meet both
the country's short range and long
er range needs."
We in the United States have
heard about some of the long
range goals of communism. They
involve world domination and a
threat to bury the free West.
The assistance which the Polish
Government asked for. and which
Uie U.N. Special Fund is provid
ing, amounts to making available
foreign exchange to pay for the
services of international experts,
for fellowships and for equipment.
With previous projects, it is much
more than total contributions to
the Special Fund fromthis Red
satellite.
The international staff consists
of four long-term and three short
term experts a year, over Uie
3 years. The long-term experts
are authorities on industrial cost
accounting, work study, materials
handling, plant transport systems
and inventory accounting.
The Special Fund reminds us
that: "The (Communist Polishl
Government will assume full fi
nancial responsibility for the
maintenance and operation of the
center after the Special Fund's
grant has expired."
We are helping the Reds make
a success, in areas where they
never have done so under their
own steam.
We are helping strengthen Red
Cuba in agriculture.
We are helping Red Yugoslavia
in nuclear research.
Under this amazing second for
eign aid plan. Americans are giv
ing money to the U.N.. letting
Uie U..N. spend it anywhere it
wants, and abdicating any chance
to check on how our money is
spent.
Would it be too much to sug
gest that, at the very least, the
American taxpayers may want to
take a look at how the United
Nations sends their money to in
sist upon a careful check to see
that it goes where they want it
to go"
THEY
SAY...
It takes nine days a week and
28 hours a day. And then every
body hates you lor it. I don't
adv ise it.
Homer II. Ithoads of lxs An
geles, on how he made $10 million.
It is not coincidence that wher
ever political democracy flourish
es in tlie modern w-orW there is
also a strong, active, responsible,
(ree trade union movement.
1'rnsidrnl Kennedy,
No matter how much the rulers
of the United States may pride
themselves on tiieir vaunted dem
ocracy no one w ill believe them.
Theirs is a democracy of money
hag, exploiters and Ku Klux as
sains. Moscow paper Komsomols,
kava Pravda, on the Birmingham
race trouble.
Statistics may he likened to
Bikini bathing suits. What they
reveal is enticing but what they
conceal is vital.
- Ir. RMgrwav Trimble of
Johns Hopkins Hospital.
I (in not condemn people who
sit down in t!ie streets to ban the
Ixinin. I condemn people who do
not have any views at all.
Peter T borne veroft. British
Minister of Defense.
EPSON IN WASHINGTON . .
U.S. Beefs Up India To
Resist Chinese Reds
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON INEAI - The
next big question may be how
deeply the United States wants to
become involved in a possible
renewal of the India-Red China
war.
To Americans who believe that
any military action against Com
munist China is a good war to get
into, military assistance to India
may become a sacred cause in
Congress, even though economic
aid to socialist India has been
opposed by congressmen as a
waste of money. That's the way
the ball bounces in this foreign
aid business.
Prior to Oct. 20. 1962. when Red
Chinese forces first crossed the
border to occupy claimed territo
ry. India had rejected all offers of
military assistance.
As Prime Minister Nehru admit
ted after the invasion, India found
that it had been living in a dream
world, trying to co - exist with
Communist China.
So. American military aid be
came welcome.
In mid - November India signed
a military assistance agreement.
American MAAG military assist
ance advisory group from Army
and Air Forces moved in.
It now consists of 45 officers un
der Maj. Gen. John E. Kelly. But
it is sure to grow as supply and
training missions are built up.
Under the Nassau agreement of
last December, the United States
and Britain promised India mili
tary assistance valued at $120
million, about 40 per cent of w hich
has now been delivered. A third of
this was British, with minor con
tributions from Canada and Aus
tralia. Tlie American contribution
comes from military assistance
funds in the foreign aid program.
More than $50 million has been
allocated from current fiscal
year appropriations, taking funds
from oilier programs which have
been downgraded to a lower pri
ority. Allocations lor the year begin
ning July 1 are now being cal
culated on a irst-things-first bas
is, w ith no estimates yet on what
the linal figure w ill be.
A gross figure of $1.5 billion has
been put out by Indian sources as
their military assistance require
ment. But this figure was not even
mentioned by the Indian Delense ,
Minister T. T. Krishnamachari !
during a week's conferences with '
U.S. State' and Delense Depart
ment officials.
Though the 2.000-milc India
China border from Ladakh to
Lch is relatively quiet now. each
side is charging the other with
preparations to resume fighting.
What goes on north of the Hima
laya curtain is known only to the
Communists. But it is no secret
that India is building up her de
fenses. All current Indian advices to
American officials indicate that
war with Red China will not be a
short - term border skirmish, but
a long-term conflict with special
problems.
Tlie terrain is the highest moun
tain range in the world. Red Chi
na has the advantage of a better
main supply road across southern
Tibet. India has practically no
roads at all paralleling the bor
der, and few feeder roads. One of
the highest priority items on mili
tary aid to India therefore is
road building.
Helicopters are useless at high
altitudes, but the United States
is supplying some C-130 transports
from NATO-based squadrons
whose planes, incidentally, must
be flown back to Germany for
servicing. India bought 50 U.S.
C-11U transports in lllliO and will
receive anotlier 24 reconditioned
planes in June.
The possibility of aerial bomb
ing across the border is of ques
tionable value to India. There
are few strategic targets in Tibet
or southern Red China. On the
other hand, India's teeming cities
on the southern plain are vulner
able. Indian air defense tlierefore be
comes important, and here the
British have been principal sup
pliers of combat planes. Air-to-air
missiles have been given to
the Indian Air Force, but be
cause of a lack of radar against
which the Himalayas are a for
midable barrier no ground - to
air missiles arc in the defense
plan yet.
India's ground forces have as
their main elements 12 undcr
strength divisions, half of which
are mountain troops. India's
Fourth Mountain Division was
badly mauled in the lighting last
October and is being completely
re-equipped. But all Indian army
units need strengthening. Neither
side lacks manpower.
The worst complication in aid
ing India, however, is that any
defense of South Asia must be
planned to include Pakistan. Be
cause of India's standing feud with
Pakistan over Kashmir, coopera
tion between the two countries on
delense against Red China is nil.
Aid has been given to both Pak
istan and Afghanistan, which have
now agreed to negotiate their differences.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Each time I visit New York. 1
think that the traffic cannot pos
sibly be any worse but it always
is. On my latest visit, a few weeks
ago. I walked the two dozen blocks
Irom my hotel to the theater ev
ery night, in order to be on time.
' If we want to understand inter
national relations, the simplest
analogy lies in a city itself. A
city generally docs nothing about
its problems until the situation gets
so bad that only radical remedies
will work.
Most cities began one - way
streets too late. They restricted
parking too late. They built super
highways only when the traffic
was so congested that the super
highways were obsolescent by the
time they were finished.
Every American metropolis to
day Jaccs the immense task o(
turning itself around, of demoli
tion and rebuilding, of cutting nut
tlic cancer at its core, of coping
with staggering problems ol slum
and race relations and poor schools
and huh taxes and the utter lack
o( planning that has characterized
the growth of all large communi
ties. U we have not had the fore
sight to come to terms with rcla
l:vely small problems within a
given city, how can we expect
that our relations with the world
outside our borders can be any
more rational?
"Too little too late" may be the
epitaph ol Western civilization.
The modern tw in menaces of com
munism and fascism which are
stroncer than ever today, in vari
ous guises could have been ef
fectively aliened without great
wars and widespread sufferinc.
But we lacked tlie foresight, the
concerted will, the energy to make
tlie cltort.
The most important part ol med
icine is preventive medicine. Ev
crvho.lv knows this. But we have
not applied this knowledge to the
social areas, whether it is traffic,
or slums, or juvenile delinquen
cy, or war and dictatorship. We
spend, (or instame. billions on
prisons and reformatories, but
hardly a dribble to erase the so
cial psychological conditions that
create crime and delinquency.
Which American, private or pub
lic, was really interested in Cuba
during tlie long dark years of Ba
tista's regime'.' It was an exotic
isle, a pleasure spot, a gambling
haven. That it was rottenly over
ripe (or revolution did not concern
us-until a Castro loorqs up M
miles Irom our shores, to our
shocked surprise, fear and indigna
tion. No business could exist for
more than a year without plan
ning ahead, without spending con
siderable sums on research and
development. But cities go on for
years, countries for decades, build
ing useless highways and unneces
sary jails, stockpiling arms and
making ineffectual treaties, . in
the mime o( "realism," while re
ality slowly crushed them to death.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
What northern European
countries became Independent
tales as result of World W ar I.
and then Inst their independent
status as a result of World War
A Estonia. Latvia. Lithuania.
Q-llow was Lafayette granted
t ailed Slate citizenship? Did
Contress confer U.S. citizenship
on General Lafayette?
A Lafayette was made an hon
orary citizen by two states before
independence was achieved, and
this was carried over to the new
nation later.
Q How could a man serve for
10 years as United Stales presi
dent? A If a vice president succeeds
to the presidency and serves two
vcars or less of the unexpired
term, he may still be elected to
two terms as president. 1( he has
served more than two years of
the unexpired term, he may be
elected for only one four-year
term.