PAGE 2 C
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath FaUi. Ore.
Thursday, June (, 1963
EDSON IN WASHINGTON
World Food Congress
Faces Big Problem
Neck and Neck
. a-v? 1 -wv x ''wen
Conservatism Directs
Historians and social scientists probably
would agree that most adaptations to import
ant social and economic change has been rea-
sonahly managed by conservatives in Amer
ica and much o the Western world.
The idea that conservatism somehow
operates as a bar to progress just does not
fit the facts of history.
Through a great part of America's
growth, for example, conservative political
figures have been in control. Does anyone
dare to suggest that this country stood still
in that long, long span?
We all know that we did not.
Many years ago some social scientists
devoted a hard weekend of thinking to the
problem of how change is managed. The con
sensus was that generally it occurs through a
process of "gradualism."
Not only American history, but British,
was cited in illustration. The celebrated Brit
ish capacity for "muddling through" was seen
as a curious talent for effective management
of gradual change.
What this amounts to is the ability to
judge when the buildup of particular problems
has reached the stage where intelligent ac
tion is called for. If that action comes, social
tensions are eased, and the society moves
ahead without undue strain.
Grave trouble comes, say the historians
and social scientists, when men in power try
to put a lid on change. Then the result may
be not peaceful advance but violent explos
ion. The French Revolution was such an in
stance in history. French monarchs had
sought for a century or more to arrest the
processes of change. Finally the lid blew off.
The sad fact about the violent outbursts is
Dim View Of Welfare
Congressman Walter Norblad
First District periodically polls his constitu
ents on current legislative controversies.
Tabulation of his latest poll recently published
in these columns, provides some interesting
food for thought. Among the findings:
Opinion as to the wisdom of federal in
come tax reduction is nip and tuck, with 51.8
per cent saying Yes, and 48.2 per cent saying
No.
Sentiment In favor of bringing labor
unions under the antitrust laws Is overwhelm
ing, with 90.5 per cent in favor.
The present farm price support program
gets a heavy No vote 77.7 per cent as
against, only 22.3 per cent in favor of it.
The proposal that large cities be given
federal aid for development of their local
transportation systems has even less support
IN WASHINGTON . . .
Jfr Red
Ity RALPH it TOLEDASO
Among expert observers o( the
Kremlin bear-pit, there is on in
teresting theory concerning the
recent demotion of several Soviet
generals. Although only three
nimes have been announced hy
the Moscow press, it is believed
in.it tlie military shake-up went
cin-iidcriibly beyond what has
been disclosed. According to the
oilicial explanation for these de
motions, tlie men Involved were
close friends of Oleg V. Tenkov
ky. t!'C Soviet official whose es
pionage trial caused such a stir
)n Mincow.
Hut the facts In the Penkovsky
case and tlie Kremlin's motives
in making it a "show trial" are
still obscure. Some sources have
always claimed that Penkovsky
was put on trial to Like the
people's minds off Comrade Khru
shchev's humiliation In the Cu
ban block. ide. Rut as the story de
veloped, this has seemed to bo a
suiiei hciul analysis.
If tlie experts aro correct, the
Penkovsky case was created to al
low Khrushchev to demote Chiet
Marshal of Artillery Sergei S. Var
enlsov (a hero of the Soviet Un
ion i, and other military leaders.
Varentsov, It should be noted,
was in charge of tactical and op
erational rocket forces before he
was given tlie boot.
The position he held In the So
viet military hierarchy lends cre
dence to the views of these experts
on Soviet In fighting. That branch
of Die Red Army which has been
attempting to build up an ade
qiinte missile force was never sat
isfied w ith Khrushchev or his mil
itary policies. They noted repeat-
of Oregon's
93.5 per cent of the respondents answered
No.
Federal aid for school construction and
teachers' salaries received a No vote. At the
same time, a majority approved the proposal
that parents of college students be permitted
to claim their tuition, books, and other edu
cational costs as an income tax deduction.
One swallow doesn't make a summer,
and a poll of one Congressional district doesn't
prove a national trend. But Mr. Norblad's
findings are in consonance with others ema
nating from widespread areas of this nation.
To put it simply, the American public at
large is taking a dimmer and dimmer view of
the Welfare State with all its costs and bur
eaucracies and, more important, its relentless
aggression against the liberties and responsi
bilities of the individual citizen and local government.
G enerals Disciplined
edly that the t'nited States was
steadily widening the missile gap
in its own favor leaving the So
viets behind. They wanted a
larger military budget so th.it
they could eventually catch up.
Tlieir target date for closing the
g.ip was roughly 1K74.
This much is reliably estab
lished fact
It Is also known that Soviet
military strategists strongly op
posed Khrushchev's Cuban adven
ture. They argued that the Soviet
t'nion was not ready (or war or
for any kind of serious confronta
tion with the t'nited Slates. Thev
Insisted that the Kremlin could ill
afford anything but a decisive
show of strength tf the Cuban is
sue came to a crisis and they
made nn secret of the fact that
their military forces were not pre
pared for Uiis eventuality.
Marshal Varentsov was more
than a soldier presenting his
case, lie is an alternate mem
ber of the Communist Party's
Central Committee and a deputy
in the .Supreme .Soviet. Therefnro
he was able to express his view s
to party leaders. When President
Kennedy declared the Cuban
blockade, Khrushchev was for a
lime disposed to call what he be
lieved to be America's bluff. The
generals. Interestingly, are report
ed to have been the restraining
influence.
Because tlie administration
promptly snatched defeat from the
jaw s of victory in the Cuban crisis.
Comrade Khrushchev extricated
himself from a situation which
might have led to serious trouble
behind Kremlin walls. But, ac
Progress
that they almost inevitably lead to excesses
which are avoided by (he process of sane grad
ualism. Thereafter valuable energies can be
consumed in correcting the excesses.
Those who try to block all change and
who thereby set the scene for social explo
sions are not responsible conservatives at
all. They are radicals of a sort, as extreme as
the radicals at the leftward end. Klamath
County has suffered because of the activity
of leaders of at least one group of this sort.
The radical "conservatives" no doubt per
suade themselves that they are busy "pre
serving the values of the past." But a course
which tries to preserve these at the cost of all
change leads only to their ultimate destruc
tion by explosion.
Some who resist change believe sincerely
they are not simply keeping the status quo
for themselves but handing down a "sound
heritage" of unchanging values to their de
scendants and successors. What they are real
ly handing down is the certainty of an ex
plosion. The instinct of intelligent conservatives
is to keep the processes of change under sen
sible control, to blend the best of the past with
elements of the new, to make sure that escape
valves for society's tensions are always at
work. A people thus guided moves ahead
rationally, if slowly.
But total resistance is like a cap on a
volcanic cone. Beneath the cap, great counter-force
builds. When the inevitable violent
upthrust comes, it may engulf everything
around the cone good and bad.
We in America and our friends in the
free West must thank our stars that we have
most often been led by men who could see the
peril of total resistance, and chose instead to
keep us moving slowly but surely ahead.
State
cording to the theory of some ex
perts, the Soviet dictator realized
that he might not always be so
lucky. The generals proved to be
right, at least temporarily. And
tlie generals were still clamoring
for the kind of expenditures which
would give muscle to his frequent
boasts of Soviet military superior
ity. The Penkovsky trial was Khru
shchev's way of striking back at
those who might in the future
threaten his power. It was the kind
of maneuver which would come
naturally to any protege of Joseph
Stalin. Penkovsky was "exposed"
as a spy with access to the high
est military echelons. Varentsov
and his associates were tlien ac
cused of having been responsi
ble for Penkovsky's rise and his
appointment to a post on the im
portant Committee (or tlie Coor
dination of Scientific Research.
At the same time, the generals
were charged with being indis
creet in the presence of the "spy."
Tlie flimslness of the case
against Penkovsky becomes in
creasingly apparent. The prose
cutor had already begun to take
back what he said of Penkovsky
during the trial. The Soviet rocket
Information which was allegedly
incluilod in the 5.ono microfilm
photos Penkovsky "conlessed" he
had given Western Intelligence
agents ts now being described as
not 'serious" and only the gossip
of his friends "chatterboxes."
Penkovsky was summarily exe
cuted and can't argue the point.
And you may be sure that Mar
shal Varentsov won't. He Is prob
ably glad he's still alive.
mm mwa
.111 I. lp '
Maturity
Rural residents have for cen
turies assumed a greater cost of
educating children than urban res
idents. This has been partly be
cause of the higher ratio of chil
dren to adults. A .large propor
tion of these children move to the
city, taking with them a rural
gift to the city their costly edu
cation. Recently, another movement
burdens rural education budgets.
This is tlie relatively new phe
nomenon of the bedroom suburb
ouLside of incorporated city lim
its. Here, one farm, with one to
three families, may he supplant
ed by hundreds of homes, most
of them with two to four children.
The few hundred dollars assessed
value of these homes is swamped
by the many hundreds of dollars
increased education costs of
those two to four children per
home. Meanwhile, the city gradu
ally loses its school population:
but gains industry, business,
and apartment dwellers who have
fewer children than home dwell
ers. This process is going nn in
Klamath County. It will acceler
ate In the next few years for a
long time to come. Rural resi
dents arc rightly concerned that
their taxes for schools will rise.
They will rise whetlier we have
a unified county system or a
municipal system separate from
the county. At the moment, the
county enjoys a favorable valu-ation-per-pupil
ratio; but I be
lieve that many rural residents
from Crescent to Malin fail to
sec that, if we have two systems,
the county system would bear al
most the entire burden of the in
exorable population increase;
this, without a corresponding in
crease in valuation. At the same
State of Union
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Letters To The
time, tlie municipal system
would enjoy a relatively de
creased school enrollment, with
increasing valuations.
Many farmers I have talked to
see, that in opposing a unified
system now because of an in
crease in millage, the rural area
is gaining pennies today, but will
lose dollars tomorrow. In just a
few years, the rural areas will
be crying to the city for help,
just as we have seen in so many
areas in Oregon and California.
If a municipal system boundary
is hardened into reality, a few
years from now the city will be
just as reluctant to change as
some in the county seem to be
now. When emotions and passions
arc put aside, we might find
that the best plan financially and
educationally is for all of us to
share all of the costs in a unified
county system.
Whatever system is voted, how
ever, we should be mature enough
to see Uiat the people we harm
most by hostility over this issue
are our children.
Laing W. Sibbet
Benefit
Much is said about taxes at a
time when our federal govern
ment is spending millions each
week foolishly, but there is little
that can be done. When it comes,
to a minor tax change for schools
on which we have an opportunity
to vote, then wo "get mad" and
education often "goes down
swinging."
Those who are opposed to re
organization into a one county
unit district say that the city will
decrease 5 2 mills, the suburban
or overlap area will decrease 1.4
mills and the county will increase
5 1 mills. These figures are mis
leading because they are based on
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tTry
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4D.A.RUE5.IE I1MA
spill
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Editor
the new 1963-19S4 operating budg
ets of the four school districts
but using the 1962-1963 property
valuation as figured on Jan. 1,
1962. No one can say yet how
much the 1963 property values and
state money offsets will amount
to and these will decidedly in
fluence lax levies.
Figures based on 1962-1963 budg
ets using 1962-1963 property val-'
uations are more realistic. When
we include the $350,000 county se
rial levy we get a total county
wide budget of $3,259,146. If this
amount is levied over the en
tire county, each area will pay
37.0 mills for education. The
"city" will decrease 2.9 mills,
tlie suburban or overlap area will
increase 0.1 mills, and the coun
ty rural area will increase 2.8
mills.
Now, before anyone gets excit
ed, please realize that the 2 S
mill increase in the county will
raise the taxes on a $10,000 home
only $7. and on a $ino.ooo ranch
$70. Admittedly this is an in
crease for the first year for some
people in the county. Remember,
however, that tlie builtin equaliza
tion in the one-county unit plan
can also work for the benefit of
the rural people as population and
assessed values change in years
to come and they will change.
Vote yes for reorganization. Be
sure to protect your pocketbook
for all time to come equalization
dues it.
George F. Kilen.
42H3 Onyx.
Ultimate
Tlie recent suggestion in ynur
"Letters" column regarding using
tlie total assessed values of Klam
ath County for financing educa
tion for all children in the coun
ty by the single school district
plan, brings to mind a furtlier
step, that is. earning this idea
tn a state-wide plan, or nation
wide. One w-onders if the advocates
of the single county school district
would support either proposal to
ue the total assessed values of
the entire state of Oregon tn fi
nance tlie education of all children
of Oregon, or the same for the
Vniied States. U not. for what
reason?
The principle is tlie same, the
only difference is in decree. We
already have this to some exlent
under the present arrangement,
but why continue to take local
control from our school systems
than we have done to date
Equalization of taxes, right or
w-xmg. indicates that equalization
nf educational opportunities should
also be a goal. The county high
schools are loo small to provide
the wide range of suhjeets avail
able at Kl', w ithout adding a cost
f.KHor prohibitive in size.
Therefore, the only equalization
economically feasible is to re
duce the curriculum at KU so
tha' it WTxild be equal to th.il
in the county high schools. Anoth
er possibility is to consolidate the
county high schools. Educators
st.te that to provide what Kl'
h.ts would ta'se about l.noii .stu
dents It would be necessary to
put all county high school students
in one schnol to accomplish this
IVes this seem sound in a county
(lie size of outs'"
KU p.itrons slimild consider
these Hems before voting June 10
Frank V Olilun.1.
r 0. Box 377,
Ovloquin.
By PETKR EPSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON (NE.M The
World Food Congress of 1,200
delegates from more than 100 na
tions, meeting in Washington June
4-18, has set for itself a tremen
dous job. It is lu bluc-piinl a plan
insuring that everyone will have
enough to eat in 2000 A D.
This is the 37-year long-range
goal or the next generation! The
more immediate goal is to insure
that there will be no world food
shortage crisis by 1980 a mere
17 years away.
World population today is three
billion people. One third of them
or about a billion people are con
sidered undernourished and from
300 million to 500 million are un
derfed. World food production has
been increasing at the rate of
about ihreo per cent a year since
the end of World War II. World
population has been multiplying
(aster than that, so there may be
two billion undernourished peo
ple in 2000 unless planning and
action are begun now.
An adequate diet is considered
3.200 calorics for a man. 2.300
for a woman. Anyone having less
than that may not be facing
starvation, but there is a new
concept of hunger hidden hun
ger. It comes from an insuffi
ciency of proper food. It is malnu
trition. A man may have enough rice
starch and water to fill his
body. He may not feel . hunger.
But he lacks milk and meat,
green and yellow vegetables pro
teins, fats and vitamins. Lacking
them, he does not raise healthy
children. A five-foot-ten man with
hidden hunger raises children who
grow up to he (ive-foot-two men
weighing only 120 pounds, says
V. T. Krishnaswamy of India, sec
retary general of the World Food
Congress. Furthermore, he de
clares that a race of five-foot
men with hidden hunger has no
fight In it to oppose dictators and
demand freedom, which is even
more important.
Viewing the world hy contin
ents. North America, Europe and
Australia-New Zealand are the
only areas with surplus food.
Only Argentina and Uruguay in
Latin America have enough food
and to.sparc. Africa and Asia and
particularly lied China arc the
great food deficit areas, although
individual countries may have a
surplus .of one foodstuff to ex
port, like Burma's rice.
The developed countries that
have food surpluses have export
ed and shared their abundance
with the underdeveloped coun
tries. But it is pointed out that
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
Purely Personal Prejudices: If
three men are sitting in a rnwnoat
in the middle of the sea. and one
of ihcm drills a hole under the yeat
of the second, the boat will sink
with all three of them; and only
if we understand this can wc un
derstand (if not accept the "neu
tralism" of so many nations seat
ed between us and the Russians in
the global rnwnoat.
The most awful and lacerat
ing relationships are not be
tween men and women who do
not Invr each olhrr, hut be
tween those why. In some rirs
perately perverted way, love
each nthrr but do not like
each othr.
Speaking of love, it cunmanly
takes the better part of a life
time lo come tn terms with the
truth nf Micnon McLaughlin's flat
assertion (hat "No one has ever
loved anyone tlie way everyone
wants to be loved."
When a man writes a bonk to
demonstrate that life has nn es
sential meaning, one wonders
what meaning 1m can attach to
such a rxtnk th;it he cave sn
many months of hard work to its
composition.
rauments turn truths into d's-mas-
as 5ion as something up
believe to be true is disputed,
our attitude hardens and we claim
more lor it than we ntlverwise
would.
Following llns line nf Ihonclit.
it is depressinply evident thai
truths never alter the convictions
of fanatics, but rather increase
their resistance: as Oliver Wen
dell Hnlmes once put it. in a beau
tiful ft cure of speech: "ne mind
of a b coi is like the pupil nf the
eyp; the more lirjit you pour
upon it. tlie more it will contract."
No new -lrn baby is dull, hut
many adults arc: what happen
tn depre. and dtsrouratf llese
personalities in (lie early years,
so that most merriment is drained
out of them? This is the trot
question for child psychology; for
if all the world's surplus food
could be evenly distributed tn
food-deficit countries, it would
feed the hungry for less than a
month.
Also, fur an underdeveloped
country to depend on food loans
' and grants from more devel
oped countries is dangerous busi
ness. The important thing is
that the underdeveloped countries
must be taught to produce their
own food. Planning how to do that
is an important objective for the
World Food Congress.
The United States in the last
25 years has multiplied its food
production five limes. The De
partment of Agriculture and the
land grant colleges, established
just over a century ago, brought
the knowledge of how to produce
more and better food to farmers.
All this knowledge is available
to the underdeveloped countries
but it is not applied.
This emphasizes another goal
to be discussed by the World Food
Congress the creation .of more
agricultural colleges to train
enough technicians to teach under
developed natives how to grow
enough food to feed themselves
and have some surplus to tide
them over the bad crop years.
At tlie end of the congress ol
12 working days, the hope is
that the 1,200 delegates will have
half a dozen or more basic poli
cies adopted to belp them solve
their problems. They must have
plans for education and public re
lations lo inform their people on
what the problem is and how to
attack it, for the development of
adequate supplies of improved
seed, fertilizer and pesticide, for
a budget on what all this will
cost on a world-wide basis and
for each developing, food-shortage
nation.
The World Fond Congress is
being conducted under the aus
pices of the United Nations Food
and Agriculture Organization, lis
director general, R. B. Sen of In
dia, will open the congress on
June 4 in tlie departmental audi
torium and w ill summarize the re
sults nf the conference at its final
plenary session June 18.
The congress will be addressed
by President Kennedy, President
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan of In
dia and U.N. Secretary General
U Than! at the opening session.
U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Or
ville Freeman will also address
the opening session and will
probably serve as its general
chairman. Other important ad
dresses will be delivered by his
torian Arnold Toynbce of Great
Britain. Gunnar Myrdal of Swe
den. Dr. M. J. Candau of Cana
da, director general of the World
Health Organization.
STRICTLY
PERSONAL
h(w can we build an imaginative
and responsive social order with
so many stilted and pedestrian
personalities?
Every preat monarch used to
keep a Fool at court, not so much
to make him laugh as to remind
him of the wry paradoxes and
inconsistencies of life that no one
else would dare to utter; and it is
a severe loss in our time that
those invested with hich power
do not have a privileged Fool to
mock their pretensions and ridi
cule their decision.
A woman who canwt forget
that she is wearing a beautiful
dress simply rails attention to
the fart that she does not feel
up lo It..
If a mn said about himself
what he says about his country,
he would he considered the most
arrogant boaster and megalo
maniac; yet is not a country the
multiplied version of one man,
pounding his chest and bragging
in all about his demonstrable su
periority over oilier men?
Al
manac
Rv I nltrd Prnt International
Today is Thursday. June (I.
the IS?th dav of lKvl'with 2(W to
follow.
Tlie moon is approaching full
pliae.
The morning stars are Venus,
.limiter and S.ilurn.
Tiw evenins star is Mars.
tin this d;iy in history:
In ISlfi, ten indies of snow fell
in New England beginning tlie so
called "year in which there a
no summer."
In l!ci.l. a mot Kin ptvture "drive
in" theater, (he first nf its kind,
opened in Camden. X J.
In 1X4, D-liay began, the great
est invasion tlie world has ever
seen, under Ihe romm.ind of (ien.
Owicht IV Eisenhower.
In leaders of the Secret
Army Organization in Algeria
ceiled nn their followers to resume
terrorist activities against inde
pendence groups.