ULRALI) AND NEWS, KlamaUi Falls, Oregon
Tuesday, May II, 196J
EDSON IN WASHINGTON . . .
African Nations Set
Summit Conference
fiditouaJL (paqsL
- "He Followed Me Home!"
PACE
Out Of
i Despite long-accumulating and ubiqui
tous evidence of trouble, the findings of the
president's Committee on Youth Employment,
released (recently), are appalling.
J The present situation is bad enough,
tfith 1962 figures showing 600,000 to 800,000
youths between 16 and 21 out of school and
out of work and the unemployment rate
among Negro young people double that
among whites of the same age.
But the outlook for 1970, unless cor
rective measures are taken quickly, is even
more distressing. The 1960s will see 40 per
cent more boys and girls coming into the
labor market than during the 1950s. Even
ijj the current rate of youth unemployment re
mains steady, that means nearly l,500,00p
filing people will be jobless at the end of
fis decade. '
There is no assurance, though, that,
without remedial action, the youth unem
ployment rate will not increase. An expand
ing population of young jobseekers, the re
port warns, will find no expansion of openings
in occupations that historically have been
important sources for beginners. The demand
for unskilled workers will remain at about
ils present level and for farm workers will
rjfop some 20 per cent.
;' Can youngsters now in high school and
.Junior high be induced to go on through
four or more years of college to prepare for
technical or professional openings, expected
to increase 40 per cent by 1970? Can those
yjth less money, aptitude or ambition be per
suaded to advance a little beyond high
school to qualify as clerical workers or for
some of the anticipated 20 per cent increase
Letters
Statement .
In tlie May 3 issue of the
"locomotive Engineer," a month
ly bulleUn published by the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engi
neers for its members, the goals
of (he combined brotherhoods ot
on-train workers have been out
lined. Much publicity has been
given to the carriers' side in the
present dispute and there may be
some who would like lo know just
what the union members are ask
ing for. So to enlighten those
who may be interested I would
lite to quote, in part, the pres
entation of some of the main is
sues and the brotherhood's argu
ments for the stand they take.
The goals they outline are set
forth to benefit the membership,
(he railroad industry, and the gen
eral public. They arc fair and pre
sented by men well trained and
knowledgeable in Uie needs of
those they represent.
The statement is made as fol
lows: J'The work-rules dispute arises
directly from the carriers' sweep
ing demands for sole discretion
over the assignment ol firemen
helpers in freight and yard serv
ice, for sole discretion over other
manning requirements, as well,
and for the unilateral right lo
lengthen runs, combine seniority
districts, eliminate mileage regu
bjtions, and determine crew
Clange points. However, t h e
HI E also has a set of rules re
quests pending, and genuine mod
ernization of the wage-rule struc
ture would require that Uicy bn
inplemented In the agreements,
while the basic intent of the car
riers' demands lo shrink the area
of collective bargaining and tn
impose a greater work load for
the same or less compensation
must be resisted.
"The employes' demands for
"All tyitemt art 'Go.
I BERRY'S WORLD
Yf ZZZZZZZ (
School, Out Of Work
To The Editor
modernization of the work - rules
structure include requests for ade
quate overtime provisions, shift
dilfercntials, premium pay f o r
Sunday and holiday work, com
pensation (or away-from-home ex
penses, guarantees and improved
job protection.
"Perhaps, because of the car
riers' multi-million dollar adver
tising and public relations pro
gram to impress the 'featherbed
ding' image on Hie public, the
employes' goals have been inade
quately understood. Productivity
figures for rail employes should
prove or disprove the 'fcatlier
bedding' charges and they do,
but a hostile press has paid little
attention to them.
"Output on the railroads is
measured in terms of revenue
traffic units, a combination of
freight-ton-miles and passenger
miles. Between 1921 and I'm
revenue traffic units, per railroad
employe, increased 242 per cent.
Per rail employe man-hour, the
increase in the same period was
263 per cent, better than twice
the percentage increase in t h e
overall, non-agricultural sector ol
the economy which saw an in
crease for the same period of 127
per cent.
"It would seem impossible that
the carriers' 'fcathcrbedding'
myth can persist much longer in
the face of such figures."
By Uiis you can see that our
railroad men are asking, mainly,
for benefils received long ago by
others in the labor force of our
country. On the other hand light
ing to keep hard won rights such
as seniority which is the main
job protection and srcurily thai
they have.
There seems to be a pretty gen
eral misconception that railroad
ers gel tremendous big pay lor
doing li'.lle or no work. Nothing
could he farther Irom the truth.
Moors, fUtt:
in sales, managerial and proprietary jobs'
What can be done about those who decline to
get as much education as their resources, fi
nancial and intellectual, permit?
Most of the recommendations of the
President's Committee, aimed at producing
positive answers to these questions, are im
pressive in their scope and common sense.
And, naturally, most of them involve planning,
action and expenditures by public agencies at
local, state and federal levels. They concen
trate on improving the quality and quantity
of schooling and vocational guidance, special
training for drop-outs, better co-ordination at
the local level of all agencies concerned with
youth and experiments designed to open up
more part-time work and study opportunities.
In the private sector, they call upon la
bor unions to relax barriers to apprentice
ships and they ask employers to re-examine
hiring, training and promotion policies par
ticularly as they apply to youths under 21.
All this is fine, as far as it goes. But
none of it even if implemented to the max
imum will bring to the safe harbor of ma
turity and regular, gainful employment many
jobless young people the report says have
never acquired the self-discipline needed to
hold a steady job, many others who have not
learned to find satisfaction and personal ful
fillment through work and still others who
are wholly unrealistic about the kind of jobs
for which they are qualified.
It is easy to say that such problems be
long to the home and the church. They do,
of course. But they also belong to every
adult, whose behavior and values contribute
to the standards we call American civilization.
There is a set limitation on miles
in a month's time and this in
turn limits earnings which are
based mainly on miles traveled
while working. So even if a man
were willing to endanger h i s
health by working conUnuously
with inadequate rest, he would
still be limited in the amount he
could earn. And after deductions
of taxes, life and hospital insur
ancc, retirement funds, union
dues, etc., I can assure you the
take home pay is anything but
tremendous. In fact, many men
during the younger, leaner years
of railroad service must find ad
ditional work or their wives hold
jobs to make financial ends meet.
The Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers observed their centen
nial celebration in Detroit, Mich ,
the city of its birth, May S -May
8. High tribute was paid
to members of the organization,
many of whom gathered from all
over the United States and Can
ada to observe the occasion.
.Many letters of congratulation and
commendation were received,
among them letters from Prime
Minister Pearson of Canada and
President Kennedy. The Presi
dent's letter reads, in part:
"History defines the debt that
Ihis country owes to the men and
women who built and who oper
ate our railroads. The Brother
hood of Locomotive Engineers,
oldest of railroad organizations,
can take justifiable pride in its
traditions of responsibility and
achievement. The last century is
a warrant that the future will be
characterized by similar contri
butions to your membership and
to the country at large."
We received in tins morning's
mail a copy of a special maga
zine section which was printed
in the May S issue of the New
York Times commemorating the
centennial of Ihe Ul.E. It is too
bad it couldn't have had wiiici
publication as it would help peo
ple understand more clearly Ihe
employes' side in the present ne
gotiations. The union members must lake a
firm stand on many issues; merg
ers that threaten jobs and would
lurther monopolistic rule of the
big companies, the cry of pov
erty by Ihe carriers which has
been disproved by facts and lig
ui'cs except in a few cases of
small minor lines, and Uie vast
cloud of "featherbedding" charges
that overshadow all other points
ol setllement and which has un
dermined the pride in doing a
necessary joh which is the right
of all men, firemen included. The
working force of train crews has
already been cut about 15 per
cent by Ihe increased tonnage ear
ned by dicsel locomotives over
steam power but management
would sec an additional 40.000 men
join Ihe ranks ol the unemployed
by eliminating firemen-helpers in
freight and yard service. Still
they concede Ihe necessity of hav
ing firemen on passenger trains
are they no less needed on
trains carrying important freight
or on engines twitchiig trains in
cilies and towns over countless
sheet crossings where traffic
plays a hazardous rote?
Mis. D. L. McCaskey
By SYDNEY J. HARRIS
In my recent piece on "left
handed thinking," which dealt
with our resistance to changes of
thought, I menUoned the hard
time given to new ideas in sci
ence, from Harvey on the circula
tion of the blood to Freud on
the role of the unconscious.
We might expect that Freud
would be bitterly opposed, because
he. alter all. dragged into the
light the repressed sexual conflicts
of people, and outraged the social
conventions as well as the medi
cal convictions of his age.
But why should people and Uie
medical profession as much as
anyone have objected to William
Harvey's discovery of the circula
tion of the blood? His investiga
tions did not embarrass "morali
ty." nor did his theory have any
theological or philosophical conse
quences, as Darwin's did a few
centuries later.
Nevertheless, Harvey could
hardly find the courage to publish
his results, even after many years
of dissecting no fewer than 80 spe
cies of animals, including reptiles,
crustaceans and insects. When he
finally published, he dedicated
the book to King Charles, hoping
il would receive a more sympa
thetic hearing and in the dedica
tion compared Uie king and the
realm to Uie heart and the body.
It seems almost incredible, but
Harvey confided in a letter to a
colleague that his theory on the
quantity and the source of blood:
". . . . is of so novel and un-hcard-of
character that I not only
fear injury to myself from Ihe
Baseball Pilot
ACROSS 40Othrwn
1 Sporls figure, 41 Legislator
TVbbtMU 43 Term in rritket
7 He manages the 4rt At that time
Mevrland 47 Meadow
13 Mountain
nymphs
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implement
15 Milk-curdling
substance
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17 Hustle
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21 Kntrealefl
24 Let the ball
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3 Biblical boat
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34 tiimie tcomb.
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5.i Moon goddest
56 Nautical term
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58 Thoroughfare
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2 Atie(rvi
3 City m Nevada
4 Masculine
nickname
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STRICTLY
PERSONAL
envy of a few, but I tremble lest
I have mankind at large for my
enemies so much do habit and
custom, that become as another
nature, and doctrine once sown
and. that hath struck deep root,
and respect lor antiquity, influence
all men; still the die is cast, and
my trust is in my love of truth,
and the candour that inheres in
cultivated minds."
. As Prof. V. I. B. Bcveridge
remarks: "His. fears were well
founded for he was subjected to
derision and abuse and his prac
tice suffered badly. Only aflcr a
struggle of 20 years did the cir
culation of Uie blood become gen
erally accepted." 1 highly recom
mend, by the way, Beveridge's
book. "The Art of Scienlific In
vestigation." now available in a
Vinlage paperbook for $1.25.1 -
The human race, it seems, can
not be reminded too often and too
forcibly that our thought process
es tend to grow mechanical and
habit-lorming: that anyone who
dares lo challenge these processes
becomes abused, ridiculed, feared
and finally hated. It is worth suf
fering a thousand crack-pots rath
er than close our ears to one true
genius who calls into question
our fondest beliefs.
QUESTIONS
AND
ANSWERS
q Which Is the oldest college
In the United Slates?
A Harvard University. First
classes were held in 1638.
q What cabinet post did
Patrick Henry decline?
A Secretary of slate.
Answer to Prcviout Puitlt
M College cheer
39 He his
learn
4J HesinnmE
4;i For (ear that
44 Above
4.1 cotton bundle
47 No points
scored ttennis
4R Dueling weapon
4f Helper tab,)
5! Low haunt
S2 Suffi
64 Threefold
comb fnrm
12 uri .rr.
past
24 (irate
2'. Verbal
2fi Hurrit-Eurdy
2achnstma sons
Schools of
hales
30 Font covering
3tiSmbol (or
tellurium
37 Pinner roire
NQVEN Alls 5 c?A'S"S
saihird
21 of
Abraham
OTHER
EDITORS'
OPINIONS
This Week's Advice
(WICHITA EAGLE)
Parents already reeling from
the barrage of contradictory ad
vice on raising children have
been dealt another left hook to the
convictions.
An outfit called Psychological
Associates has done a survey, and
says pampered children do betler
than others when they leave the
(amily and face the world. The
ones who stay on the job, say
the associates, are those who are
allowed to put their earnings in'
their own pockets and do with
them what they please. And the
steady, reliable ones are those
whose parents have spent some
time making the rounds of muse
ums, art shows and circuses with
them.
The associates advise: "Pam
per them, let them have money,
offer to match the amount they
save, and you'U raise up highly
motivated, dependable job-holders"
That, at least, is this week s
advice. It is not guaranteed to
be in effect much longer than
that.
Products Cheaper,
Services Costlier
(Hellsville (X.Y.) Dally Reporter)
Two different but related statis
tics show the trend of costs we
can expect for the foreseeable
future. Since the 1157 59 period
the retail price of refrigerators
has declined nine per cent, while
in the same period the average
cost of a haircut went up 12 per
cent.
Automation was responsible for
the reduction of costs in refrigera
tors but cutting hair still must
be done by hand, and it costs
more every year. These are not
isolated cases. Consumer prices
lor most other durable goods pro
duced automatcdly show the
same trend.
We don't really expect to see
the time our household appliances
will be so inexpensive, and our
service costs so expensive, that
it will pay to throw the appliances
auay when they break down.
!:;( than have ihern fixed. But
we are headed in that direction.
Almanac
Bv lilted Press International
Today is Tuesday, May 21, the
14!st day of VM3 with 224 to
follow.
The moon is approaching its
new phase.
The morning stars are Venus.
.Iiipiter and Saturn.
I he evening star is Mais.
Those born today are under the
sign ol Gemini.
On this day in history:
In 18.12. what is considered lo
be the first Democratic National
Convention got under way at Bal
timore, In 1!M1. a German submarine
sank the U.S. merchant ship Rob
in Moor in mid-Atlantic.
In liMd, President Harry S. Tru
man sent a sixt-ia! message n
Congress proposing statehood (or
Alaska.
In t'.vs, the American Medical
Association labeled President Ken
nedy's proposed medicare legisla
tion ' cruel hoax ."
A thought for the da English
poet Chaucer said: "Boaters by
nature are from truth aloof."
By PETER EDSON
Washington Correspondent
Newspaper Enterprise Assn.
WASHINGTON NEA - The
first African summit conference
to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethio
pia, May 23-25 is of considerable
interest in Washington and all oth
er non-African capitals throughout
the world. They will be watching
to see what comes out of it.
The heads of 32 independent Af
rican nations-all of them except
South Africa, which was not in
vited because of its racial policies
-have said they will be there.
The list includes Nasser, Nkru
mab, Toure, Adoula, Ben Bella,
Tubman, and others less well
known. -
No outside observers will be ad
mitted to the conference sessions.
They are even excluding repre
sentatives of the 19 still depend
ent territories of Africa Angola,
Mozambique, Basutoland, South
west Africa, Northern and South
ern Rhodesia and the smaller colo
nies. Emperor Haile Selassie who as
head of the oldest continuous gov
ernment in Africa will be host to
the gathering has announced
three main objectives:
To speed independence for those
areas still dependent.
To lay the basic foundations for
African unity and to exchange
views that will raise living stand
ards for the African people and
improve their economic, cultural
and political condition.
To formulate a universal Afri
can Charter which would bring
together those charters which pre
viously have been drafted by the
Casablanca, Monrovia and Mala
gasay groups.
The emperor's list does not men
tion the Arab League of 13 states,
seven of which are in Africa, six
in Asia's Near East.
Complete African unity, if it is
ever to be achieved, must include,
of course, the North African Arab
states.
Admittedly one of the greatest
obstacles of the Addis Ababa con
ference will be to reconcile the
ambitions of President Nasser's
United Arab Republic with the so
called Black Africa south of the
Sahara.
Among topics likely to be dis
cussed are mutual defense, tariff
and trade between African coun
tries, communications, common
currency and exchange, research
and economic services for all
member states.
The most thai can be expect
WASHINGTON REPORT
Udall Plan Would
Curtail Industry
By FULTON LEWIS JR.
Stewart Lee Udall, Washington's
answer to David Thorcau, has his
eye on a little spot near Calhoun
Falls, S C.. a wooded retreat 276
miles up the river from Savannah.
But Udall, outdoor enthusiast
that he is. does not plan to com
mune there with nature. He w ants,
instead, to build a massive
chromium-plated federal project
called the Trotter Shoals Dam.
A former Congressman who
serves now as Secretary of In
terior. Udall is piqued that many
ol his old colleagues are less than
enthusiastic about the scheme.
Ohio's Rep. Bill Harsha, who
came to Congress w hen Udall left
in 1961. calls the plan an "econom
ic nightmare." He points out that
the dam, to cost taxpayers $78.7
million, would take 22.000 acres
of land off the tax rolls. Only
a handful of workers would find
permanent employment.
What happens if I'dall doesn't
build the dam?
1. The Mead Paper Corpora
tion w 'll build a $40 million plant
on the site, employing some 1.4O0
workers. Good jobs for 650 more
would be provided at the mill and
4S0.000 cords of pulpwood worth
IS million would be used annual
ly. The pulpwood would put lo
work another 2.500 men on near
by farms and woodlands.
2. Duke Power Company will
build a steamsite at the spot, at
a cost of $210 million, almost two
and a half times the federal in
vestment. More than l.ooo men
would be employed during con
struction and 135 more upon com
pletion The company would spend
$24 million a year for coal, this
would be purchased from the
economically depressed coalfields
of Kentucky. Virginia, and West
Virginia. It would require the use
ol iWono railroad cars a year.
The Duke plant would produce 25
times as much power as the fed
eral dam. 11 would Rood only sev
en per cent as much land as Ihe
federal project It is land, inci
dentally, now owned hv trw cnm.
pany.
3 The Mead plant would pay
$3 8 million in locai, stale anil
ed from the conference is forma
tion of a Pan-African Union, sim
ilar to the Organization of Ameri
can States.
If a permanent charter cannot
be agreed upon at tins first Alii,
can Summit, for later ratification
by signatory governments, at least
a secretariat and a general head
quarters for such a regional or
ganization may be authorized.
U.S. policy is to promote unifi
cation in Africa to strengthen the
new governments and break up
Balkanization of Africa into many
weak states that cannot be made
self-supporting.
If for no other reason, Africa is
important to the United States in
the United Nations, where it now
has almost a third of the votes.
Africa is by no means econom-
ically independent today, though il
has vast undeveloped re
sources. Total foreign aid to Afri
ca from all sources last year was
between $2.5 and $3 billion.
This included $700 million from
the U.S. government, $600 million
from Russia, more than $1 billion
from Europe. U.N. technical as
sistance. World Bank loans and
private investment made up the
balance.
Creation of the new Pan-African
organization would not necessarily
mean dissolution of the seven
smaller regional groups already in
existence.
The principal African groupings
new functioning are:
lnter-Afritan Malagasy Organiz
ation IAMO: 19 Central African
states, the former Monrovia group
which met at Lagos, Nigeria, in
January.
African and Malagasay Union
UAM: an active group of 13 for
mer French colonies, now inde
pendent states.
Council of the Entente: (our
small west African states which
are also members of IAMO and
UAM, organized in 1959.
Equatorial States: another sub
regional group of four states which
have a common market and exter
nal tariff.
Casablanca Charter States: six
north African Arab states which
first met in January 1961 but
"hich have not met since.
East African Common Service
Organization EASCO: four for
mer British colonies which might
eventually federate. -
Pan-African Freedom Movement
for East, Central and Southern
Africa.
federal laxes each year. Duke
Power would pay another $13 mil
lion. Over a 50-year-period, this
would amount to roughly $a50
million.
"But this." Congressman Har
sha sajs. "is only Ihe begin
ning. Experience has taught us
that as lliese plants are built,
allied services and industries
move into the area providing fur
ther investment and more perma
nent jobs.
"The additional payrolls are ad
ditional inducements to new in
dustry. Land and property values
around these developments in-
(I!f SC' addins more revenues. To
lc. bouse, clothe, educate,
transport, provide medical care,
hospitalization, and hundreds of
other services humans need,
would employ additional hun
dreds of people."
i -a !,e A kcy solon "PPos'nS
l dall Dam is South Carolina Sen.
Strom Thurmond. He tells my
assistant, Bill Schulz, tliat Udall's
scheme would "create an indus
trial desert in the great South
east." "The secretary wants to flood
more than 20.000 acres of valu
able land." says Senator Thur
mond, "including some of the
country's best industrial sites. Not
only would he prevent Duke and
Mead from building plants and
providing jobs but he would pre
vent other firms, too. who wish
lo build along die (ree-flowing
water of the Savannah River."
Vice President Lyndon Jolinson
has been urged by close associates
l resign and run for the U.S.
Senate all over again.
Longtime advisers have asked
nim to challenge incumbent Sen.
Ralph Yarborough in Texas' Dem
ocratic primary next spring.
Johnson and Yarborough. a left
wing Democrat, have battled for
years. Only LBJ. (lie vice presi
dent loid. can be sure of taking
care of Mr. Yarborough once and
lor all.
Johnson insists, however, lhat
he will continue as vice president
and run for reelection with John
Kennedy in November, I9M.