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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (April 19, 1963)
n PAGE fr-A HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls. Ore. Friday, April IS, 1961 herald and $tUr$ diioiiaL (paqsL Suburbia Distorts U.S. Perspective In the days when Hollywood was flood ing the nation and the world with more than 500, movies a year, a standard complaint not unjustified was that they painted a dis torted picture of this country's life. ;:-.',The motion picture industry is no longer given sole blame, since its influence has waned. Yet some scholars and other observers suggest that the distortion today is greater than ever. Those who talk about the "hidden Ameri ca" of poverty, disease and distress which exists in our generally affluent nation are arguing, in their way, that the country's image is out of balance. The reverse side of that coin has now been defined for us by educator Ilarold Taylor. At a Washington meeting of the Na tional Committee on Support of the Public Schools, of which he is a vice chairman, Taylor said matters had reached the point where the largely prosperous U.S. suburbs were being portrayed as the sole symbol of American life. For many decades our great growth has been in the suburbs. For the most part they are now the "home" of middle class America. They will get virtually all the fantastic new growth which lies just ahead. And it is to them that, with few exceptions, we hold the mirror when we think to picture the America of 1963. The scholars say that more and more the central cities are the abode of the rich and the poor. Except in occasional "realistic" films, plays or novels, life at the poor extreme is seldom presented. No one can object, certainly, to repre sentations of America which stress the solid, rewarding substance of middle class living. But that life needs to be seen and lived in full perspective. Taylor's complaint, echoing some before him, is that for too many people, and espe cially growing youngsters, the good things of suburbia are being taken in isolation. Thousands grow up with no thorough knowledge of the cities, their often belea guered peoples, and their crushing problems The cities are merely something to pass through to reach the magnet of downtown en tertainment and shopping. Taylor's point seems well grounded. To isolate a steadily enlarging segment of our people in the sanitized air of the suburbs is to render them ill-equipped for the rude shock of meeting the rest of America as many of them surely must at some stage in a ma ture, useful life. Trade Act Troubles Mount -. It now develops that the Trade Expan sion Act of 1961 hailed as the major achieve ment of the Kennedy administration in the last Congress cannot begin to be effective before Jan. 1, 1965. It will take that long to negotiate major tariff cuts authorized by the act. These negotiations will be conducted un der the direction of Christian A. Herter, form er Massachusetts governor and congressman and President Eisenhower's last secretary of state. - Named by President Kennedy as his spe cial assistant on international trade, Herter has made one trip to Europe. Now he's pre paring for two years of difficult bargaining. 'There is wide suspicion of the new U.S. trade act in Europe and among the less devel oped countries as well. What they seem to fear is that the United States is' trying to capture their markets. They're reluctant to lower their own trade barriers against U.S. exports. Two major political hurdles must be . crossed. First is the French veto of Britain's ad mission into the Common Market This .thwarts trade act authority given the President :to negotiate 100 per cent tariff reductions j;on items in which 80 per cent of the trade 3s between the United States and the Common Market. This was put iiuthe law in anticipa tion that Britain would be admitted. The second hurdle is that Russia, its sat ellites and some of the neutral nations are ad vocating a United Nations world trade confer ence. What the Communist countries want, of course, is removal of strategic materials trade restrictions against them. A U.N. trade conference might cause con siderable difficulty if held while another round of rate reductions under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GATT was being negotiated. The preliminaries to these negotiations are considered more important than the nego- . tiations themselves. They'll determine what tariffs are to be cut and how the negotiations , are to be conducted. Trade experts from most of the 41 coun tries now in GATT have just begun meetings in Geneva to do some exploring. The idea is to negotiate on broad trade classifications rather than item by item, which is slow going. The last round of tariff negotiations took 445 days. The present plan is to have the ex perts' preliminary recommendations ready for a trade ministers meeting to begin May 18. A final approval ministers meeting would then be held in January 1964. Meanwhile, here in the United States, a list of imports on which tariff reductions might be made, along with the proposed new rates, is being prepared for issuance by Ken nedy in July or August. Public hearings then would be held on what to include in the GATT negotiating pack age. These probably will take the full six months allowed by the new trade act. . The final list of commodities on which tariff reductions arc to be negotiated must then lie before Congress for 60 session days . for its approval. So the actual trade negotiations can't possibly begin before April 1964, or even la(fr. One of the principal American objectives is to insure that agricultural products are in cluded in the coming negotiations, along with industrial products. In the last round of tariff negotiations, agricultural items were pushed to one side because the Common Market at that time did not have an agricultural policy. Common Market agricultural policies are still cloudy, but the United States cannot get caught in this bind again. Foodstuff Answer to f revious Piiuls urn ACROSS 1 Tood fish 4 Gumbo vegetable Hakery Item 12 Hail! 13 Machine part 14 Great I.ake 15 Encountered 16 Turncoats IB GlU 20 Make amend! 21 Legal point 22 Silkworm 24 Domesticated 26 Mine entrarra 27 Short-napped fabric 30 Nullified 32 Tranquil 34 Felt 35 Amatory 36 Observe 37 Ribbed fabrics .111 River npnlt No Variable star 41 Dry. as wine 42 Feminine appellation 4s Convenience 49 Decided against 61 limited 62 Polynesian god 63 Sprawl 64 F.ternity 65 Slipped 66 Gaelic 67 Depot (an.) DOWN -1 Summer 2 Above 3 Ordain 4 Monsters 6 Sharp 6 Kavrd 7 Kxul 8 Lariat 0 Order (Latin) 10 MortCH-e uofeir Ipto'el scwm Al manac 11 majesty 31 Weirder 17 Spat Xi Flowers ljiSuws ;,n Wanness l.ola up HO Kntinnlei! 1M Hardy heroine 41 Move sidewind 115 Toward I tie lwltered aide 26 Viper J7 11 and I lacs llSWc.t Indian hhrub ?01eniMiiina)ii Witticisms 4.1 .irandparental 44 lluhan painter 4t 1,inprp)i 47 Tumult 48 Volcano 0 ( auctio 1 12 13 I 1 15 16 17 I S 19 10 111 !2 13 Ti 15 rr 18 19 "' jj2 21 r 2F 21 3T25 1 ZJZ 27 30 31 ""32 33 34 35 35 37 38 "' 39 40 "DC 41 I 42 143 (44 Tl45 46 47 I4B 49 ' 150 51 52 " 53 54 55 56 57 LJ J I I I I I I 1 I "I By United Press International Today is Friday. April 19, the Itwth day of 13 with 256 more to follow. The moon is approaching its new phase. The morning stars are Venus and Saturn. The evening stars are Mars and Mercury. On this day in history: In 1775, the American Revolu tionary War began. In 1933, the United States went off I he gold standard. In 1951, Gen. Mat-Arthur ended his military career. In 1!I5. movie star Grace Kelly of Philadelphia was married to tr Prince Hainier 111 of Monaco. A thought for the day Aesop said: "It is not only fine feathers that make line birds." THEY SAY... Any government which a.-ks us for Itclp in this matter will re ceive help. Assistant Swrriary of Slate Kd win M. Martin, saving U.S. will send military aid to any Latin country threatened by Communists, "Let's Lock It Up Before It Has Pups!"" j" f fill Mr im r -tin IW 1 . J i v,,1 a in tl. ! 'Jl.l W..atF T. ? ".' i3fS fHE GLOBAL VIEW... Army Chafes Under K's ' Party Rule By LEON DENNEN Newspaper Enterprise Analyst NEW YORK NEA Six years after he purged the popular Mar shal Gcorgi Zhukov, Nikita Khru shchev is facing an uphill struggle in his efforts to control the Red Army. The Soviet Premier's fall from power may not be imminent but this is the real story behind the rumors of his domestic and in ternational troubles. The Red Army nfftfarc nvno. ,i cially the young- M ones, are be ginning to voice "S3.-- ''' . iA boldly their A"""" , views against the Communist party's tight control ol the military. This is revealed, among other things, in a remarkable book re cently printed in Moscow. Enti tled "Military Strategy" iVoyen nuia Strategia), the book was written by a group of Russia's top military experts and edited by Marshal of the Soviet Union V. D. Sokolovsky. Russia's strategists, the book makes clear, have little faith in local "brush-fire" wars with con ventional arms. As Red Star, the Kremlin's military newspa per, said in a review of the book, the next war will be atomic and short and the decisive period will be the first strike. , "Rockets with nuclear war heads are the basic weapons for a quick defeat (of the enemy! and the paralyzation of entire countries," Red Star wrote. "Such weapons now determine the main direction in the buildup of (Russia's) mili tary forces and in the methods for the conduct of tlie future war." Tlie review agreed with the "collective" authors of "Military Strategy" that "the problem of how to exploit outer space to fore stall (lie aggressive designs of the imperialists must be seriously considered by the strategists." Nevertheless, the Soviet rulers were extremely critical of t h e hook and its editor, Marshal So kolovsky. The reason for their displeasure, however, was not strategy but politics. Red Star, which is controlled by Premier Khrushchev's backers, reproached the writers of the book for their failure to under score the role of the Communist party in the organization of Rus sia's military forces. Kor in a manner unprecedented in the So viet Union. "Military Strategy" emphasizes the need for a "uni fied command" and a "centralized command" in tlie conduct of war. Russia's top strategists, it is clear, hold the view that the army should be led and guided by pro fessional soldiers and military specialists and not by the poli ticians of the Communist party. Discontent with Political Com missars (Potlitniks appointed by the party has been simmering in tlf Red Army since the death of Stalin in r.53. Khrushchev thought he gained the upper hand in 1957 when he fired Zhukov from his job as Defense Minister. Zhukov. charged with opposing the party's control of the mili tary, was replaced by tlie pliant and unpopular Marshal Rodion Y. Malinovsky. At the same lime. Marshal F. I. Golikov was ap pointed chief of political surveil lance of the armed forces. Golikov's appointment was seen STRICTLY PERSONAL By SYDNEY J. HARRIS I admire and envy a writer friend of mine, who takes the proper stance on a matter I feel strongly about, but rarely have the courage to enforce. Sitting with him in his study a few weeks, ago, I overheard a telephone conversation between him and a man from a radio sta tion. The man had called my friend to participate in a round table program; as he had a loud, clear, radio-type voice, I could as an indication that the Kremlin intended to make him the power behind Marshal Malinovsky. His primary tasks were to stamp out tlie army's aspirations toward lib eration from the party, to step up the Marxist-Leninist indoctrin ation of soldiers and officers and to bind them more closely to Khrushchev's regime. . But Golikov, though an expe rienced and popular military com mander, proved unequal to his political task. Last May, he was abruptly dismissed from his job and replaced by a Communist official, A. A. Epishev. Epishev was never a profes sional soldier. His sudden promo tion to the rank of army general was little short of sensational even in Russia. It broke all the normal rules of promotion in the armed forces. But the Kremlin obviously had to bolster Epishev's prestige as Khrushchev's political watchdog ir. order to give him status with the veteran Soviet military caste with whom he has to deal. The conflict between Khrush chev and the Red Army's offi cers seems to have reached a critical point during the Cuban crisis last October. In an effort to head off criticism of the pre mier's adventure in Cuba the De fense Ministry even had to print an article in the Red Star re minding the military that tho Communist party was still the real boss of the army. Red China's Mao Tse-tung is obviously informed of the behind-the-scenes conflict between the Kremlin and the army. In recent weeks ho has gone out of the way and over Khrushchev's head to woo the marshals and generals. hear both ends of the conversa tion. "I get the picture," said my friend. "What fee are you pre pared to pay for this job?" "Well," said the radio man, "it's a sustaining, public-service program, you see, and so we don't have any money allocated for speakers." "Are you being paid for your work on it," asked my friend, "or are you contributing your services, too?" "Naturally," said the man, "I'm getting my regular salary. It's part of my job." "It's not part of mine," said my friend. "What about the engi neer in the control booth for the program. Is he getting paid?" "Well, certainly," said the ra dio mari. "It's his job too." "I thought that perhaps he was volunteering after hours, as a gesture of generosity and good will," my friend remarked. "Now tell me this what about the announcer, the producer, the di rector, and the man who comes in and sweeps the floor after wards? Are any of them doing it as a public service?" "No, of course not," admitted the radio man. "But we just don't have anything in our budget for speakers. There's no money avail able." "I can go along with that," said my friend. "I'm not greedy for money. But I'm sure you don't want charity either. Since you're asking a service of me, why can't you reciprocate with one for me?" "Such as what?" asked t h e radio man. "There's a lot that needs doing around my house the walls need washing, the basement should be calcimined, and some bookshelves have to be put up. Why don't you come around on Saturday, or send someone around, to do these chores and then I'll gladly let you have my services for the program." "I've never heard of such a thing in my life," sputtered the man. "Neither have I." purred my friend, "but I think it's high time we both heard it. You'll let me know, won't you? Thank you and good-by." .BERRY'S WORLD i . ! EDSON IN WASHINGTON . . . Foreign Aid Bill Just Looks Smaller By PETER EDSON Washington Correspondent Newspaper Enterprise Assn. WASHINGTON (NEA) Presi dent Kennedy's foreign aid mes sage to Congress turns out to be a request for more money for next year in spite of a tremen dous effort to make the amount look smaller. The message is three times as long as last year's. The first nine pages deal with what an insignifi cant thing the whole U.S. foreign aid program really is only seven-tenths of 1 per cent of the gross national product but look how much good it does. There is extra emphasis on how much the President himself has cut back the program from his January estimates. There is full endorsement of the recent report from the Presi dent's Committee to Strengthen the Security of tlie Free World, headed by Gen. Lucius D. Clay. I' called for a cutback of foreign aid to more realistic levels that both giver and receivers could alford. Then, like a night club check at the end of the party, you get the bad news. The foreign aid bill for tlie year beginning July 1 even after being cut $420 mil lion by the President still comes up $4.5 billion in new obligation a! authority. This is still $600 million more than Congress appropriated for the current fiscal year. If this amount is intended to be chicken fat which Congress can cut out of the new program, the President probably will be accommodated by the budget cut ters. Military assistance requests are for $80 million more than this year. Economic assistance requests are for $516 million more, though $210 million of this is for in creased loans which presumably will be paid back. And over 80 per cent of this money is spent it. the United States. The only really new initiative in the foreign aid program for the coming year is a double-barreled proposal to increase pri vate investments in the develop ing countries. This is a perfectly laudable effort since the intent is to reduce the government's out lays for foreign aid. The first -part of the program calls for revising the existing gov ernment guaranty on private in vestments abroad. More than $900 million guaran ties is now outstanding. The total grew by $300 million in fiscal 1962 and for the first half of the cur rent fiscal year the amount is sued is $160 million. In spite of this commendable increase there is much concern that the program is not working as effectively as it should be cause foreign governments won't sign the necessary agreements to make tlie guaranties effective. The second proposal calls for amendment of U.S. tax law to give American taxpayers a cred it for new investments in devel oping countries. Europe and Ja pan would thus be excluded. The present idea is to grant this tax credit for a trial period of undecided length to see how it would work.- It is still an extremely fuzzy thing because the Treasury De partment, which is working out the details, hasn't come up with anything definite on how big the credits would be. Present thinking is that they would be larger than tax credits granted on new in vestments which promote domes tic growth. This is an extremely tricky pro- posal. If the foreign credit is bigger than the domestic credit, it might become an incentive to build plants abroad to employ cheaper foreign labor. Such investments also might have a bad initial effect on Amer ica's balance of payments posi tion, though this might be offset in part by the fact that equip ment for any new ' investment abroad would have to be made and purchased in the United Stales. . The tax credit would be a one time thing, applying only to the original investment. Foreign earn ings from the original investment would not be eligible for the tax credit. A credit on reinvestment abroad of such earnings is bein" considered. Net capital outflow from Amer ican investments in Latin Amer ica, Asia and Africa is reported by Department of Commerce at $395 million in 1961. Reinvested earnings in 1961 were $338 million for a total investment of $733 mil lion. Figures for 1962 are not yet available. In a speech in Mexico City last ear, however. Treasury Secre- tary Douglas Dillon declared that investments could be increased by $300 million to a $1 billion-a-year level. This would reduce government foreign aid somewhat. But the tax credit cost is unknown. WASHINGTON REPORT . . . Government Red Tape Snarls Juice Saving "Do you ghe trading stamps?" By FULTON LEWIS JR. This is a story of frozen orange juice and federal government. It's a tale of $2 million in savings that taxpayers might have gained, but won't. It is best told by Pennsylvania Congressman Dick Schweiker, a member of the House Intergovernmental Rela tions Subcommittee, who has probed the case. He says: "At tlie same time one federal agency was having to pay $13.50 for a case of frozen orange juice concentrate, another agency was giving up its right to buy at less than half that price." Representatives of Orville Free man's Agriculture Department have acknowledged that they can celled a contract to buy more than 383,000 cases of concen trate at $5 each, although the Defense Department needed tlie juice for its troops and was paying premium prices for it. 'After prodding by the citrus industry last year, the Agriculture Department decided there was a surplus of frozen orange concen trate on the market. Producers complained the excess supply w as driving down prices paid by con sumers across the country. Under the surplus commodities program, the department agreed last November to buy more than l.l million gallons of the frozen orange juice from processors with surplus stocks. More than 380.000 cases, each containing 12 32-ounce cans, were to be delivered between Decem ber 3 and January 12 to individual state agencies. They would, in turn, distribute the juice to pri vate charitable institutions, to schools and public welfare agen cies. Contracts were signed by of ficials of the Agriculture Depart ment and various processors call ing for an average price of $3 per case. Then on December 12. the sit uation changed for the produc ers and for the public. A series of severe freezes hit Florida, bad ly damaging the citrus crop. The orange juice, as housewives soon found out, skyrocketed. The processors went to t h e Agriculture Department and asked to cancel the contracts. The rea son, says Rep. Schweiker, was obvious: "Once prices had soared with news of the freeze, the in dustry hardly wanted to be bound by its contract to sell to the government at the agreed upon lower price. If it could suc ceed in getting the contract can celled, the industry could then put the juice on the market al a much higher price. On Friday, December 14, a rep resentative of industry called Ag riculture and asked privately that the orange juice contract be broken. Agriculture obliged by issuing a press release within hours inviting industry to request an end to the contract. The official requests were made. On Monday, December . 17, Agriculture cancelled the con tract, forfeiting the government's right to tlie orange juice. Floyd Hedlund. director of the department's fruit and vegetable division, was called before Schwei ker's subcommittee. He was asked what consideration was giv en to saving the taxpayers some money by turning over the orange juice contracts to the Defense De partment. "I did not give that considera tion because 1 did not know it was possible," he replied. George Cooper, a member of Secretary Freeman's legal staff, admitted that it was very pos sible, however. He testified that existing law permitted the trans fer of the government's contract rights to the Defense Department, which needs more than a million gallons of the juice each year. Such a move would have saved over S2 million. "But the govern ment's right hand," said Schwei ker. "didn't know what the left was doing and the potential savings went out the window." QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q How ran rap j.ftrj bp d( Icrmined? A-Any year divisible by four is a leap year, excepting century ears, which must be divisible by 400.
