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President Eisenhower Can Boast He Kept U.S. Out Of War
; WASHINGTON (AP) - Dwight
P'. Eisenhower's pnudest boast
after he leaves the presidency
may be that he kept America free
from war.
I The rest of his foreign affaire
record is a mixture of gains and
josses whose extent will be up for
historical judgment in years to
-fome.
'Eisenhower, a military hero
from the great crusade of Wrold
War II, came to the White House
In 1953 with a legacy from Pres
ident Harry S. Truman of the Ko
rean War and a bundle of cold
war problems.
'. He brought with him his "Cru
sade for Peace" hopes of a roll
back of communism and a flour
ishing of the free world which
would lend to international tran
quility. He leaves for Incoming Presi
dent John F. Kennedy troubles in
Southeast Asia, the Congo and
Cuba and continuing difficulties
with the Kremlin.
Major issues on the East-West
scene when Eisenhower took the
U.S. helm eight years ago dis
armament, Berlin. Red China
ere still around with no signs of
disappearing soon.
The Eisenhower administration
extended America's formal al
liance system around the world;
to include the Middle East and
Southeast Asian areas. The focus
of economic aid switched from
industrial Europe to the newly de
veloping countries. The backbone
of U.S. military power shifted
from bombers to missiles.
Several events placed Eisenhow
er in a new foreign policy frame
work early in his tenure.
One was the virtual end of the
Marshall Plan, the massive eco
nomic aid program which helped
West Europe's war-ravaged econ
omy revive with astonishing vi
tality. Another was the end of the' Ko
rean War and its entanglement
of American men and money. The
truce led to an uneasy peace, but
it stopped the shooting. Accom
plished basically along terms that
had been set during the Truman
administration, it was Eisenhow
er's first great dramatic maneuv
er after taking office.
Still another was the fading
away of the era of sharp domes
tic attack concerning foreign af
fairs which was led by the late
Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy. R-Wis
The Democrats' regaining con
trol of Congress in 1954 eased Ei
senhower's embarrassment by
putting in influential congression
al positions men more sympathet
ic to Elsenhower's internationalist
views and less disposed to pres
sure the State Department.
the iron-handed dictator Joseph
Stalin on March 5, 1953, paved
the way for a new and more flex
ibleif no less dangerous Soviet
loreign policy carried on eventu-;especially painful to Eisenhower
ally by Premier Khrushchev. as a former NATO leader, was
Community Calendar
KLAMATH COUNTY Historical
Society will meet at 8 p.m. Wed
nesday, Jan 11, in the Klamath
County Library lecture room. New
officers will preside. A program
featuring "Logging and Lumber
ing, Past and Present" has been
arranged to be illustrated with
. pictures of early day logging. All
Interested will be welcome.
EAGLES AUXILIARY SOCIAL
. CLUB will meet Wednesday, Jan.
11, at 12 p.m. for a potluck lunch
eon. A social hour will 'follow.
Hostesses will be Louise Runft,
'Nellie DeWitt and Rea Stevens.
MERRY MIXERS SQUARE
, DANCE CLUB will sponsor a
- class for beginners on Tuesday,
, Jan. 10, at S p.m. at the hall in
Pelican City. For further infor
mation call TU 4-9967 or TU
2-4085.
MIDLAND HOME EXTENSION
UNIT will meet Thursday, Jan.
12, at 10:30 a.m. at the fair
grounds kitchen. Project will be
fabric identification. A nursery
will be provided.
FAIRHAVEN PARENTS AND
PATRONS will meet Tuesday,
Jan. 10, at 7:30 p.m. Guest speak
er will be Dr. Elmo Stevenson,
president of SOC.
FREMONT PTA will meet
Thursday, Jan. 12, at 2:30 p.m.
Guest speaker will be an ex-!
change student from Italy. There
will be an executive board meet-'
ing at 1:30 p.m.
LINDLEY HEIGHTS HOME
EXTENSION UNIT will hold its
regular meeting Wednesday, Jan.
11, at Joan's Kitchen at 10 a.m.
Project will be fabric identifica
tion. Members are asked to bring
tags from clothing.
GOLDEN AGE CLUB will meet
Wednesday, Jan. 11, at 1:30 p.m.
at the Klamath Falls Auditorium.
OTI FACULTY WIVES AND
WOMEN'S CLUB will meet Tues
day, Jan. 10, at 7:30 p.m. on the
OTI campus. The program will
feature a speaker from Kingsley
Field.
gave no help, for fear of provok
ing World War III, beyond politi-
cal support to the revolutionaries
at the United Nations and admis
sion of refugees.
The North Atlantic Treaty alii
At the Kremlin, the death of(ancc split over the British-French-
Israeli invasion of Suez. Eiscn
hower and Dulles condemned the
action of their Allies and forced
them to withdraw. The breach,
From the beginning Eisenhower
placed full trust in his secretary
'of state, John Foster Dulles.
Dulles became one of the most
influential secretaries of state in
American history. Alter Dulles
died in 1959 Eisenhower continued
to have a cordial relationship with
Dulles' successor, Christian A.
Herter. But the relationship was
not as intimate, and Eisenhower
tended to conduct more of his ow n
foreign policy during the last two
vears.
In 1954 the flames of the Indo
china war ended with a truce with
the Communists and emergence oi
the supposedly neutral states of
Laos, Cambodia and a divided
Viet Nam. Dulles developed the
South East Asia Treaty Organiza
tion, an alliance of eight countries
with interests in that area includ
ing the United States, as a bul
wark against Red expansion
there.
In the Middle East, a U.S. !
backed Baghdad Pact was set up
against Soviet incursions in that
area. In 1959 the alliance was re
named CE.ro the Central
Treaty Organization after Iraq,
for whose capital the pact was
originally named, pulled out to
follow its own neutralist course.
In 1955 Eisenhower won con
gressional passage of a resolution
approving U.S. defense of For
mosa, Nationalist China's strong
hold, should Communist China at
tempt to invade it.
In 1957 he obtained Congress'
passage of a Middle East resolu
tion declaring that the United
States, upon request of any coun
try in that area, would help
against any Communist aggres
sion. The following year he sent
Marines to Lebanon under this
policy. He withdrew them after
about three months, accomplish
ing what is widely regarded as
a successful peace-keeping action.
In 1956 the brave uprising by
Hungarians brought to the fore1
the Republicans' 1952 campaign
talk about liberating the Communist-enslaved
peoples of East
ern Europe. The United States
Union. He new to Paris for a finallMay 1. 10, crash of an American sibility. Khrushchev torpedoed
summit conierence on great East- U2 spy plane deep inside thethe summit conference and scorn-
. p .... aiM,i:i,imiuiiiu!iy suuimru iiiruicr aeaiinps
But Lisennower s final crusadejdenied, then admitted the flight.lwith Eisenhower until the end of
ime to a jarring halt with the Tisenhowcr assumed the rcspon- his term.
HERALD AND NEWS, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Tuesday, January 10, 191)1 PAGE I
healed by December 1957 when
Eisenhower attended a NATO
summit meeting in Paris which
agreed on supplying the alliance
with the most modern weapons,
On the major East-West issues
Eisenhower made repeated efforts
and met as many disappoint
ments. One exception: the boost
in East-West cultural exchanges
after Khrushchev softened the
lion Curtain.
In 1954 and again in 1959 he
sent his secretary of state to fu
tile Big Four talks on the future
of Germany.
In 1955 he himself went to an
East-West summit meeting at
Geneva. He scored a propaganda
coup by proposing that the Soviet
Union and the United States open
their skies to each other's air
planes. But the Soviets rejected
the idea and gave Elsenhower no
clue about the new Soviet leaders'
willingness to come to terms with
the West.
Long disarmament talks were
distinguished for their propaganda
rather than their progress. The
only disarmament negotiation
which has not blown up yet the
two-vear-old Geneva parley on
banning atomic tests is marking
time pending one more Hia 'nr
promised by Kennedy before the
United States resumes testing.
More than 100 meetings with
the Red Chinese at the ambas
sadorial level have produced Iittl
compromise. Instead, Peiping is
leading the Communist camp in
villification of the free world.
After Dulles died, Eisenhower
embarked on a final venture in
personal diplomacy which he re
garded as his last "great cru
sade for peace.
In 1959-GO he visited Europe.
Asia, Africa and Latin America
on trips that brought his ' total
presidential travels to 118,000
miles.
He invited Khrushchev to Amer
ica and agreed to visit the Soviet
n v
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monday, january 9 thru Saturday, january 14
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