PAGE EIGHT
HERALD AND NEWS. KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1958
if 4 v ;
lalaria May Be Wiped
)ut In World During
lext Twenty Five Years
BIG SPRINGS GRADE SCHOOL
THE BIG SPRINGS
Siskiyou Community Of
Big Springs Is Friendly
Oasis Of Fertile Plenty
By J. O. McKINNEY
Big Springs, in central Siskiyou
County, is a name given to a
rural school district, an irrigation
system, a dairying community, a
duck hunting club and the entire
neighborhood adjacent to the big
springs for which all the others
are named. All of the designations
represent outstanding entries in
their class.
The school district has an $85.
000 rural structure in which stu
dents of the neighborhood are in
structed in surroundings as elab
orate as those in town. The irri
gation system covers 2.280 acres of
soil built up from an old lake bed
and covered with volcanic ashes.
It is fertile in the extreme, and
as well watered as it needs to be.
The duck hunting club's member
ship is restricted and expensive:
while tall silos and huge dairy
herds attest to the excellence in
this line. The big springs flow fully
10.000 gallons of pure water per
minute which supplies the district,
a ranch that is supplied by gravity
flow, and sends a good sized creek
into Shasta Fiver. The local d i s
trict draws 3,375 gallons per min
ute out of the spring's 10-acre
reservoir, while the other uses
take care of the rest.
The city of Yreka has often con
sidered getting its water supply
from" these springs.
This delightful region is situated
some 10 miles east of Grenada,
between U.S. Highways 97 and 99 ;
One must traverse an arid, sage
brush, lava rock region of sand to
get there from any direction. All
this is forgotten when looking
across the lush fieltis of Big
Springs. They are level and
with soil and water sufficient for
all needs, crops thrive as they do
in few communities.
But one exception has been not
ed. No one tries to raise bumper
potato crops, which were tested
there, and discontinued. Here is
why. Although the land was once
a huge lake and potatoes were not
grown prior to about 1945. a crop
there showed heavy infestations of
nematodes. The seed was blue
tag, certified stock, planted on vir
gin soil, but contamination came
from somewhere.
Still another mystery remains
unsolved in the springs them
selves. The water is a chill 46
degrees and pure. Fish will start
up the creek from Shasta River,
come a short distance, and turn
back. Why this is so has never
been explained, but Joseph Wales,
biologist at the Mount Shasta state
fish hatchery, believes that some
where deep inside the earth the
water was squeezed free of oxy
gen without which fish cannot
survive.
Dairying, that stable community
industry, has of recent years
showed & decline. No mystery sur
rounds this. The drudgery of milk
ing, even with a machine, inter
feres with television shows. Beef
cattle appear in many places in
stead of the usual milking strains.
But waterfowl hunting there has
held up despite hunting pressure.
The Charles H. Drummond Wild
life Refuge a few miles away
brings more ducks and ssse than
before. Honkers, those stately
Canada eese, frequent the fields
of the Vdliey. An invitation to
shoot on a ranch there is usually
followed by a goose dinner.
It is a thrilling sight to see a
vee of these birds come out of
the shadows of nearby Mt. Shas
ta, set their wings and glide down
to a decoy set. This is one of the
few places that Canada geese fre
quent in numbers, but as stated
above, hunting there is exclusive
and expensive.
New Method
For Filming
Of Lectures
OREGON STATE COLLEGE A
unique and money-saving method
of filming educational television
lectures for later use in other
classrooms has been developed by
Oregon State College engineers in
cooperation with a Hollywood film
company.
It will mean a saving of more
than $12,000 this year in the film
ing of the OSC chemistry course
being presented over KOAC-TV,
Channel 7.
The conventional system of
filming or kinescoping for TV
basically is reversed with the
method.
Instead of taking and developing
a negative film and then printing
positive copies, the engineers pho
tograph a negative picture on the
live by seven inch picture tube of
a recording machine. When de
veloped, it becomes a positive
image that is ready to project
without additional processing or
handling. The reversal is done
electronically.
Engineering work was headed
by Grant S. Feikert, chief engi
neer at OSC for KOAC radio and
TV, and Lester G. Mock and Rob
ert L. Tinkle, television techni-
icians. The development of the spe
cial kinescope recorder was done
in cooperation with the Vuetron
ics Company in Hollywood, a lead
ing TV film production and pro
cessing firm.
The process is feasible only in
cases where a single film copy of
the program is required, Feikert
explained, but has wide application
in most educational TV and some
commercial TV situations. j
LISBON (UPD Aleading
Vmerican expert on malaria says
he disease is almost certainly be
lg wiped out from the world, but
varned that this doesn't mean the
vorld will be rid of mosquitoes
oo.
"A lot of people think malaria
;radication is the same as mos
quito eradication," said Dr. Paul
F. Russell of the Rockefeller
foundation. "That isn'J so. We
can beat malaria killing only a
small percentage of the world's
mosquito population."
Russell, who lives in North
Edgecomb, Maine, was in Lisbon
to act as consultant at a World
Health Organization meeting . of
malaria experts. The meeting was
part of a 76-nation campaign to
erase malaria completely within
10 to 25 years in some countries
within five years.
Malaria is a mosquito-carried
disease which has ravaged the
world's tropical regions for cen
turies. For the past 300 years
man has had only two defenses
against it the mosquito net and
quinine.
Now, though, quinine has been
pensioned off and replaced by
such drugs as the German devel
oped Chloroquine, the British Pro
guanil and the American Pyrime
thamine. And the net has been rendered
obsolete by powerful insecticides
which remain lethal to mosquitoes
for months after being sprayed
on walls. .
Russell said "there is no doubt
that the new method of wall spray
ing with insecticides has been the
greatest single factor in helping
defeat malaria."
He explained that the mosquito
becomes a malaria carrier only
by biting a man already infected
with the disease. It takes the ma
laria parasite into its system from
the sick man. -
"This is where a useful trick
comes in," Russell said. "It takes
10 days for the parasite to be
come potent within the mosquito.
During that :o days the mosquito
can do no harm even if it bites
another man, but we have a good
chance of killing it."
The type of mosquito which bites
a man, generally speaking, is the
type that likes to buzz around
houses, attracted by lights, hu
mans, food.
But as soon as it hits an insecticide-sprayed
wall it is fin
ished. And in a general campaign
of mass spraying of walls wher
ever there are dwellings it is a
good bet the mosquito will hit a
dose of poison before Ml days are
up.
For the big post-war drive to
oust malaria from the world, 0
per cent of the funds have come
from the governments of affect
ed countries.
But three organizations have
taken the lead in the battle:
The World Health Organiza
tion. Although operating on a
small budget, since 1947 it has
provided the necessary technical
leadership.
The United Nations Chil
dren's Fund. Working on the the
ory that malaria is very tough on
children, this organization has
poured more than 30 million dol
lars into the fight. Its money has
been used for equipment, transport
and supplies.
The United States Internation
al Cooperation Administration
(ICA) and its predecessor foreign
aid agencies. They have given in
excess of 90 million dollars for all
phases of anti-malaria work.
Russell said the work already
done has been so extensive that
more than half the people who must
come under eradication programs
are already under them.
There is one cloud on the hori
zonthe possibility that mosqui
toes will develop a resistance to
both groups of insecticides pres
ently in use DDT on the one
hand and B.H.C. (Benzine hexa
chloride) and Dieldrin on the oth
er. Experience to date has shown,
however, that if mosquitoes be
come resistant to one group of
insecticides, they fall to prey to
another.
Men like Russell are confident
all problems can be overcome.
They have seen such tremendous
progress in their lifetime they
know eradication is possible.
"Take the United States." said
Russell. "During the 1930s we
used to get up to 4,500,000 cases
in a year, mainly in the Southeast.
Last year there were only 14
proved cases."
Other places where malaria
has been eradicated are Puerto
Rico, Chile, Cyprus, Corsica,
Italy, Martinique, the Netherlands
and the Gaza Strip. Countries
where the di ase is on its way
out are Mauri, ras. Reunion Island,
Romania, Argentina, .Venezuela
and British and French Guiana.
Areas where the problem is still
acute include Central Africa, Bor
neo and New Guinea. China is an
jnknown quantity.
You Are Cordially Invited
The
Welding Clinic
At WADE PITCHER
WELDING SHOP
2935 So. 6rh St.
Wednesday, 7 to 11 p.m.
Factory Representatives and Instruc
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Co., Will Be Glad To Help You With
Your Personal Welding Problems.
SPONSORED BY
So. 6th St. Oxygen Sales
2521 So. 6th St. TU 4-3563