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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (May 14, 1946)
fo) I. MICE riVE CENTS In Thft Br FRANK JENKINS HEADING north alonK Upper Klamath lake. It I beauti ful cluy warm and unuy and peaceful. At 111 southern nit, tho hike In gently rippled. North ward from Murium, It l nmniith a mirror. The point where tho phynlcul ihorellne end and the reflection begin ran hardly he detectcil. The reelulined land are a rene of buiiy, peaceful activity. Thank to tho mighty power of gasoline anil modern muchliicry, these fields, hundred upon hundred of acre of them, arc smoother than any backyard Harden could huve been a century aito, when mint atlll had to d- ,1 ii, win tin enmiuirullvtflv puny power of oxen and horse and nuueu ann me pumr mri of human bark, plu crude plowa and hnrrowa and alc and hoea and rakea. In these dnva one man, with the MACHINE aa hl aervant, ... .u mnrM ihun m whole settle ment could do In the beginning daya of our Mill-young country. YETo faulty, o Inaccurate, la the human mind we think of thine day, when man battled the aoll and the element with crude loola and InalRniflrant power, feeling that he had done well If he won for hlmnelf and hi family mere ahellrr from the atorm, clothe to keep them warm and food enough to keep them strong, aa the DAYS Or OPPORTUNITY and these pre. ent day aa time of struggle and hazard! WE worry over aoclal prob lem!. We talk learnedly (although usually very Ignorant ly and haphazardly) of exploita tion. A century ago, exploitation wa a relative NECESSITY. There were ao few machine, and ao MUCH to be done moat of it by the toil of human back. It wa more or lea Inevitable it.,, iimiA tkfllK.nnlv alrontf I hacka ahould be exploited by those with alert mind. In thoao daya there waa human bondage throughout at least hnlf of our country. In these far better daya, the MACHINE la our bondiman. AS we of the present look at expanding Runala, we are worried. We want to be friend with the Russian, but we are fearful of their motive and their objective. We ee them pread lug their power and their In fluence over much of Europe and Ala, and bccaue we don't know what they are up to we are ap prehensive. One hundred year ago this week, John C. Fremont and a (larty of armed companion were iere on Upper Klamath Inke. WHY were they here? Well, baslrolly, they were here to TAKE thia country, Including California, for the wlftly grow ing United State of America, which then wa expanding first It sphere of Influence and later It BOUNDARIES as Russia now is expanding hers. Wo have been acutely worried of late because Russians have been Infiltrating Into the prov ince of Azerbaijan in Iran, with the possible purpose of ultimate ly tuklng it over for their coun try. 'Well, what was Fremont doing here? What were the mountain irinn who nrcecded him doing here and In California? They were INFILTRATING thl area and getting ready to take It over for the United SUtte. Later they DID take It over. Now It Is our. BUT, you say, that was GOOD. Becnuse we took It over for ourselves, Western America la now vastly belter on tnnn u would have been If we had left it to Itself. True enough, probably. The Indians were savages, of the rudest sort. The Spanish Cali fornium had a romantic and Idyllic way of life of their own, but It wa built upon exploita tion of the native. Indian popula tion. What we have now is Infinitely better for a far greater number or people. But what of Azerbaijan a century hence? How do we know that if Russln . takes it over it won t bo better off? TVHERE do these rambling " meditation get us? No whero at nil! But they do remind us that the world is very, very old, that human nature has been at work in It for a long, long time and that In general, striking an aver ngc trend and allowing for ex ceptions, tho world ha Been getting belter instead ot worse, Bulletin LONDON, May 14 (P) Gus Lesncvlch of Cllffsldc, N. J knocked nut Great Britain' Frcddio Mills In the tenth round of thnlr 13-round fight for the world light heavyweight title to night before 11,000 spectator, njtut if nnnnnnnrrTnnnT Day's Jews New KUHS a Hl nf color from tha maroon and aold uniforms of KUHS noon highlighting the Stop Forait tha traffie from tha street ahead Legion flag, as the parade pan Aliies Order Book Burning BERLIN, May 14 ) A purge of German fascist and militarist literature, criticized in some allied quarter aa " A kin to the nazi book burnings," has been ordered by the four-power allied control council. Destruction of nazi and Ger man military memorials of World War I and II also was di rected by the council, in order approved by it coordinating committee. Many monument already have been razed. "The American agreed to the principal of banning book glor ifying nazi theories and German military tradition." said Mis Vivian Cox, assistant to the dep uty director of the American armed forces division, in dis cussing the order last night. An American public rela tion officer, announcing that the order on llleraturu would bo published May 20. disclosed some of Hi details In advance. He laid It provide for a purge to eradicate in all forma fascist, militarist and anti-demo cratic ideas in Germany through confiscation and destruction of nazi literature and other media of propaganda. "Owner of circulating llhrnr. lei, bookshops and publishing houses, all former stalo and mu nicipal libraries and heads of all universities and schools must hand over to the military com mandants all nazi and military propaganda In their possession. Logger Slays Wife and Self LEBANON, Ore., May 14 fP) A m 0 a Yocubets, 49, Lebanon logger, walked into the home of his estranged wife this morn ing, wounded her fatally, then killed himself, Deputy Coroner Walter Kropp reported. Mrs. Yocubet had filed suit for divorce last Thursday, charging cruelty. Tho couple had been separated for several weeks. High Court Denies School Vote Plea SALEM, May 14 (AP) The Portland school district's lost hope of persuading the supreme court to reverse Us ban against holding the district's $1,750,000 special tax election diminished today when the high court de nied a petition for rehearing. The court did not hand down a new opinion, merely denying Attorney General George Neun er's petition for rehearing orally from the bench. Lewis Wants Full Control Of Welfare Purse Strings WASHINGTON, May 14 (A) John L, Lewis today demanded exclusive union administration of a $70,000,000 miners' welfare fund which he proposes to raise through a 7 per cent levy on payrolls. , Tho United Mine Workers' president declared the fund, to be paid exclusively by the op erators, would havo to be grant ed before the miners would ne gotiate "any contract, now or later." Lewi told reporters at a news conference, after leaving contract negotiating sessions, that the 7 per cent levy was "ultra -conservative." Lewi said he had explained the demands so thoroughly that the operators said they desired no further explanation on that Issue, ' The UMW, Lewis said, rejects tho idea of a tripartite board of management, labor and government representatives because It would "simply be come another bureaucratic gov KLAMATH FALLS, OA. -ON, TUESDAY. MAY Bond Uniforms Aired Fire program sponsored by tha Lions club and tha American of the band. Pap Peppers ca n be Man beyond the band in the Wood' Drug tore and Whytal' going up Main. Higher Costs May Cancel July Buckaroo Days Show Klamath county will prob ably go without a formal Fourth of July celebration this year, when it became known Unit Klamath Buckaroo Days would probably be cancelled due to an Increase in the costs of operation. O. D. Matthews, president of Klamath Buckaroo Days, and M. E. Cornell, past president, said today that their committee ad no intention of holding a 1948 show unless arrangement could be made satisfactorily to the point where the show could break even. "First, the Rodeo Cowboys as sociation, formerly the Turtles, has demanded approximately $1800 lncreaso in the prize list for this year," Matthewa said. "Second, the Klamath county fair board has asked 10 percent of the gros for rental of the fairgrounds, which is more than double what we've been pay lug. The lose of the $1300 car. nival fee, which we ' used' to have waived and can be waived according to law, is another contributing factor." All this, coupled Willi mo 20 rjcr cent of the gross which automatically goes to the fed eral government, makes it im possible for the show 10 Dreaa; even, the presiocni aavisea. Statnnt To Public Matthew and Cornctt were named by the association to pre sent a statement to the public as concerns thl year'a show, Yhite House Calls Big 5 WASHINGTON, May 14 (AP) Prr.l,l,Mt Truman today sum moned representatives of the "big five" brotherhoods and railroad operators to a White House conference In an effort to hend off a strike called for Saturday. A walkout by 250,000 engin eers and trainmen would tic up the nation's railway trans nnrt svstem. Press Secretary Charles R. Ross announced that the presi dent had asked representatives of the railroad brotherhoods to confer with him at J:4o p. m. (EST). Fifteen minute later, Ross said, this conference will be joined by representatives of the Association 01 American naif roads. The president Indicated at his last news conference moi nc would not hesitate to seize the railroads if It became necessary to keep them running. ernment agency with tho over-1 head eating up a large part of the revenue, clogged with red tape, and with its awards de layed after the manner of other government agencies. "We pointed out that It Is no business of the operator to su pervlsc this fund," Lewis added The coal Industry manacles these peoples and the UMW wants the right to alleviate their agony and distress." Operators, taken by surprise by the proposal for a 7 per cent payroll levy, withheld their formal reply until Lewis spells out the rest of his con. tract demands. But their reactions expressed privately to newsmen raised doubts that the negotiations of the next 24 hours could produce tho general agreement t'resi dent Truman has asked for by tomorrow. One producer termed the de mand ridiculous. Another, not a member of the negotiating committee, said: "We reject the wnoia damned principle. 14, 194 (Telephone At Stop Forest Fires Parade 't band lad th parade which marchtd down Main (treat Tuesday originally slated for July 4 a and 1. Matthews said that there was no one particular reason why the show had to be cancelled, but the culmination of increase in equipment, lack of facilities at the fairgrounds, need for im provements, and the demands of the cowboys made It impos sible to operate this year and come out in the clear, "However," Matthews said, "if local bodies, such a the fair board and county court, as well 8 the city of Klamath Fall, will cooperate, it may be possible to continue the snow." Matthews said that when tne show was originated in 1936, under the sponsorship of the American Legion, that no fee for the fairgrounds was asked by the fair board. Later, accord' ing to Matthews, the annual fee was set at $250 and was in force several years. Then it in. creased to , $500 for several years, which 4 the. highest not paid by rodeo associations in the United States, Matthew pointed out. Rodao Surrey Made He based this statement on a survey made among the 50 lead. ing rodeos in the country, most of which pay either no. rent or $1 rental per year. it tne p tuamatn BUCKaroo Days association did pay 10 per cent of the gross, based on last year's income and after the gov. eminent taxes are taken out, the fee would run in the neigh borhood of $1100. Matthew advised. A major factor In the In creased operation of the show is the demands which must be met from the Cowboys Rodeo association, the cowhands' union, in order to get top per formers who are affiliated with that erouD. The cowboys, according to Matthews and Cornett, were granted a $100 increase in most uurses but tne union turned down this offer and demanded $150 more which brought the total increase to $250. There tCnOaud n Pf s, column Lover's Hug Kills Girl LONDON, May 14 m A coroner ruled today that Miss Florence Quarrel, 22, died acci'l dentally in her sweethearts arms alter nis 100-exuoerani embrace exerted pressure on vulnerable nerve center in her neck. Dr. Keith Simpson, govern ment pathologist, testified that the momentary pressure caused immediate paralysis of the lung and heart functions. Lone GAR Vet Asks Memorial Day Help SEATTLE. May 14 (AP) - Hiram R. Gale, 99-year-old na tional commander-ln-cnief of tne Grand Army of the Republic. today called commanders of all war veterans organizations and auxiliaries to assist him Satur day in making final plans for Seattle s observance of the GAR- sponsored Decoration Day, May 30. Because he is the only surviv ing veteran of the Civil war In Seattle and one of the three In -the entire state United Spanish War Veterans and Vet erans of Foreign Wars are tak ing a lead in assisting in ar- Lrnngements, Governor Calls For Foreign Trade Week SALEM, May 14 (P) Gover nor Earl Sncll today asked that the week beginning next Sunday be observed as National Foreign Trade Week. He said Oregon "has a deep and abiding concern in the re establishment of foreign trade and Its growth and maintenance." WEATHER NEWS M.r u M. 'Mr Mia. .. II Prliulla Ul S4 har , M Hlrum M" I .IJ.tT N-,mll ! ' Mr ....... rr0Ali Psrllr !. till) Number 10820 Legion. A lire engine claarad above picture and the American Gala Parade Opens Drive The colorful parade In con junction with the Stop Forest Fire program, sponsored by the Llona club and the Ameri- Legion, marched down Main street at noon today led by the KUHS band, arrayed in new uniforms. Following the maroon and gold of the band came the high school Pep Peppers in white sweaters with short red skirts swirling in the brisk May breeze. Members of the Ameri can Legion marched in uniform carrying banners .and Old Glory. June Poitras of the Klamath Indian reservation, in Indian costume, rode U. S. Balentine's horse along with the Klamath Saddle club. Four members of the club wore authentic Indian costumes and the other mem bers wore the club regalia...: "The- Sheriffs Posse, led by Sheriff Lloyd Low, wore the traditional posse costume - of black and white. Fire equipment from the U. S. forest service, Klamath In dian agency, city and county, and the ambulance rode down the street with sirens keening in unison, bringing another Klamath Falls parade to a tri umphant ending. A banquet at the Willard at 7 o'clock tonight will conclude the day' program emphasizing the Stop Forest Fires theme. Forrestal Issues Food Waste Ban WASHINGTON. May 14 (AP) Navy Secretary Forrestal has is sued orders that navy men throw away no usable food, Rep. Nor blad, the Oregon republican who recently charged that food was being dumped at Astoria, said today. The order followed Norblad's lunching in the house dining room on food he said was re covered from the Astoria city dump. He declared Astorians had been doing a brisk: business in food thrown away there by the navy. McNarney Knocks Lichfield Trials FRANKFURT, Germany. May 14 (AP) Gen. Joseph T. McNar ney, commander of United States forces in Europe, said today an army investigation had "re vealed instances of mishandling" of the trials involving charges of brutality to American soldiers in the Lichfield, England, de tention barracks. Gen. McNarney said he had directed his inspector general "to undertake a complete review of all phases of the Lichfield cases from the day the first complaint 01 irregularities was received. PHONE WORKERS VOTE PORTLAND. May' 14 UP) An executive board of Oregon's 4500 United Telephone Workers will decide tonight whether to take a strike vote in its dispute wnn h-acuic Telegraph and Telephone company, Union President Edward T. Hcaly re- ported. Grave Question A unique request left city officials with mouths agape when an apparently practical-minded individual asked the city to refund the price of a lot in the local ceme tery. Since the original pur chase of the plot, the body has since been disinterred and the purchaser feels that the lot is no longer needed. Scratching- their heads in bewilderment, city officials turned the matter over to the discretion of the cemetery committee. Jap Defense Likens Pearl Harbor Sneak To Hiroshima Blast TOKYO. May 14 (API An American army officer defend ing five top-ranking Japanese charged with war crimes con tended today that Japan's meak attack on Pearl Harbor was no more mass murder than the atomic bombing at Hiroshima. "We made no apologies for using the atomic bomb, Chief Prosecutor Joseph B, Keenan leaped up to reply. The defense also sought dis missal of aggression charges against all 28 defendants by con tending it would be impossible for the accused to get a fair Byrnes Asks Council End PARIS. May 14 (AP) Secre tary of State James J. Byrne said in a formal statement to night he had proposed that the council of foreign ministers ad journ until June 15 after con sidering the German question. The secretary of state said he had proposed the immediate signing of a revised armistice with Italy to bridge the gap un til a formal peace treaty was agreed upon and that a peace conference of the 21 European nations be called either for July 1 or July 15. He gained immediate - British and French approval of thest and other proposals, but the Soviet delegation said It wanted to discuss them first Byrnes' proposals were set on the agenda for the second order of business, after the German question is discussed tomorrow. Byrnes also proposed that if the council could not now de cide on a date for a peace con ference in July then the foreign ministers must decide on a date at their next conference. He also demanded that a draft treaty for Austria be placed on the agenda for a June 15 meet ing, but this proposal drew im mediate Soviet objection, an American informant said. Senators Move To Save Draft WASHINGTON. May 14 (JPt Senator Hill (D-Ala.) said today senate leaders have decided to accept house prohibitions against drafting fathers and 'teen agers rather than let the draft act ex pire at midnight ' Hill reported this agreement was reached at a two-hour closed session of the senate military committee, today. We don't want to accept these amendments," Hill told a re porter. "We can fight out the permanent provisions of the legislation later." The house had concurred with senate action for a stopgap ex tension of the draft from mid night until July 1. However, the house added the prohibitions against drafting fathers there was "unanimous agreement to the house amendments because of the deadline, but none of the members was satisfied with the amendments for various rea sons." The White House said todav President Truman is prepared to issue an emergency order bre- serving selective service machin ery in the event congress fails to complete action today on draft extension. Press Secretary Charles G. Ross so told a news conference. It would preserve the machin ery of the draft system, he said. out added ne could not give anv details as to how the order will be worded. Council Postpones Action On Parking By EDNA K1LLMEYER Side-stepping a final decision concerning installation of park ing meters in downtown Klam ath Falls, the city council in its session last night voted to accept the traffic safety council's rec ommendation regarding the meters as a matter of record, but to postpone disposition of the matter. The - only evidence of last week's stormy session was a re mark from Mayor Ed Ostendorf as he introduced the recommen dation with "I'll go into my pocket file and see if I can find it." Several retail merchants were present to register their disapproval of the meters, head ed by N. E. Long, president of the Klamath Merchants associa tion. "We advised the council of our feelings last week," Long said, "and there has been no change." Opposers of the meters were mopping their brows when An gus Newton made a motion tifat the council accept the recom mendation with immediate ac tion in installing the meters. He said he favored a survey to de termine how taxpayers feel on the subject but since a survey was not mentioned in the traffic safety council's recommends- trial in an allied court. Keenan promptly termed this challenge "premature , , , a misconcep tion." The court took the motion under advisement and recessed until tomorrow. Neither did it announce a decision on yester day's defense contention . that Japan surrendered uncondition ally and consequently should not be prosecuted for crimes against peace or against humanity. U. S. army Captain W. G. Fur- ness (lucumcari, N. M.). present ed today's fresh fair trial chal lenge on behalf of former Pre mier Kiichiro Hiranuma, former Foreign Ministers Yosuke Mat- suoka, Mamoru Shlgemitsu and Shigenori Togo, and Gen. Yoshi- jiri Uzemu, former Kwantung army commandant. Maj. .Bruce Blakeney, Okla homa City, American defense counsel for Uzemu, compared the Pearl Harbor and atomic bomb attacks In his argument, pleading that "killing in war is not murder. "If the killing of Admiral Kidd (Rear Admiral Isaac C. Kidd) at Pearl Harbor is mur der," he said, "we know the man who loosed the atomic bomb. We know the chief of staff who planned that attack. Is murder on their conscience? Keenan spoke sharply against the contention that Japan war. time foes, the allies, could not conduct a fair trial of Japanese suspects. Under such a theory, he observed, "We might turn the whole tribunal over to tud?es from Argentina. Snain and Eire, or perhaps go clear to Mar for a neutral court," British Seize Refugee Jews HAIFA, Palestine, May 14 UP) Seventeen hundred and fifty Jewish refugees attempting to enter Palestine illegally, the first to arrive since a . British American inquiry committee rec ommended immigration of 100, 000 Jews, were disembarked in this heavily guarded port today. ' The refugees, from Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hun gary and Romania, were taken in buses, guarded by troops with machineguns, to the Athlit de tention camp. After a week's quarantine they will be distrib uted among Jewish settlements. Their ship, the Greek cargo vessel Smyrna, was intercepted off Palestine last night and brought to port by a British de stroyer and two gunboats. The Jews, bearing neither passports nor immigration certificates, had sailed a week ago from Con stanta, Romania. A Jewish newspaper said the Smyrna's passengers were the first to have left a port under Russian control and the largest group of illegal immigrants yet to reach Palestine. A 16-year-old Romanian Jew ess, Gittel Ginsberg, was the first refugee ashore. Two . hundred armed troops had -cordoned off the dock area. They were backed by a dozen tanks and armored cars. President Gets Oregon Fish Lure PORTLAND, May 14 (AP) Bait to lure President Tru man to a summer fishing trip in southern Oregon 30 of the state's finest brook trout was en route to Washington today. The Rev. H. P. Sconce, pas tor of the First Baptist church, Roseburg, a friend - of the president, will present the trout to Mr. Truman tomor row when the Oregon pastor visits at the White House. Meter Problem tion. he believed that the council should go ahead with the meters on a trial basis. Paul Landry seconded the motion, but before a vote was taken, more opposi tion was shown from the audi ence. Unions Opposed Joe Willis, a representative of the Central Labdr council, and Thomas Faye, representing the Teamsters union, registered their organizations' opposition, A suggestion from The Herald and News that the meters be In stalled on a trial basis, with the matter appearing on the ballot in the fall election to give the people of Klamath Falls a chance to decide how they feel about the meters after using them in actual operation was fa vorably accepted by both those who opposed the meters and those who approved of them. The councilmen semed to favor the meters as a temporary solution to the traffic problem. but apparently disliked rushing tne matter. Kollln Cantrall of fered the opinion that there was no need for a hasty decision. and Newton withdrew his mo tion with the consent of Landry, Lawrence E. Nash, operator of the Yellow Cab line, pointed out (Ctnllttvti rst s Clma w Government Still Hopes For Concord TEHRAN. Mav 14 UP Th Iranian army hastened prepara tions for war today although th central government appeared de termined to pursue its ai nounced policy of a peaceful set- . tlement of the Azerbaijan probx" lem.- ..' Premier Ahmed Qavam, In a public statement on the "post ponement" of the Azerbaijan ne gotiations, said he was attempt ing "with the best Intention and peaceful attitude to solve tha problems." He (aid he hoped "the good intentions and patri otism I felt among the represen tatives from Azerbaijan - will prove sufficient to relieve tha anxiety felt by the public." Azerbaijan is the northern province bordering Russia . in which a semi-autonomous regime was established during the Rus sian occupation. The army announced that a battalion of troops was moving; through Kazvin to Bandar Pah levi on the Caspian sea and that an additional 50 troop carriers bearing a total of 750 men had steamed northward from Tehran during the morning. Army on March - Gorgan also has been regar risoned. Armored gendarmerie units have moved along the Cas pian coast north of Pahlevi. The Azerbaijan army also ap peared to be continuing its pre parations for war, although Pre mier Javar Pishevari, after hia return to Tabriz last night, de nied foreign news reports of a proposed march on Tehran. Ha expressed hope for a peaceful so lution of differences with tha central government. A traveler from Tabriz said the Azerbaijan army was "smartly attired in Russian uni forms" and was staging field maneuvers between Maineh and Zenjan. Civilian military train ing classes were reported con ducted twice a week instead of once a week, as formerly. Tabriz is the captal of Azerbaijan and v was one of the chief Russian ad ministrative posts during the oc cupation. The traveler estimated that 24,000- effectives were in tha Azerbaijan army. Estimates ot tne central Iranian army vary between 60,000 and 80,000. Pleases Ike KYOTO. Japan, May 14 UP) . Winding up a busy three-day in spection tour of eighth army oc cupation forces in Japan, Gen eral Eisenhower told a press con ference today "there is no ques tion out mat tne army is on tne upgrade in efficiency." The chief of staff said he had found the eighth army tinder Lt. Gen. Robert L. Eichelberger "so far above what I could possibly expect ... I feel real warm in side." - He said he had found very lit tle griping, and what there was was only natural among drafted men who feel they are entitled to go home as soon as possible. Eisenhower toured the dock: areas of the ports of Kobe and Osaka . today, driving down streets lined with Japanese. He made unscheduled stops to ask soldiers about their affairs. Sgt. H. C. Cox, Atlanta, Ga., told Eisenhower that food "wasn't too good" and added that cooks apparently were not preparing it very well. The gen eral told newsmen that until the army could train new men in cooks and bakers schools there would be some complaints. Surprise Scents 7 For Russ Women MOSCOW, May 14 (AP) Tha Soviet perfume industry, which did its bit during the war to keep romance- alive with a spe cial scent called "Wait for Me," is now ready with a variety oil new offerings. The chief of the perfuma trust said that before long So viet women could expect to get Ukrania" perfume In wv," i "Glory," "Fairy Tale," "Russe," "Red - Sails" and "Blooming described as surprise boxes. Baseball Scores NATIONAL BROOKLYN, May 14 (jPJ-t Martin Marion singled to center? with two out and the bases load ed in the eleventh Inning today to give the St. Louis Cardinal a 7-5 victory over the Brooklyn Dodgers. The victory moved tha Cards to wlthon one game of the front-running Dodger. R H & St. Louis j 715 0 Brooklyn 5 9 2 Lanier and Odea; Gregg, Behr man (4), Herring (8), Lombard! (10) and Anderson, Sandlock (7), Padgett (11). Chicago at Philadelphia, night game, postponed, rain. AMERICAN Boston S 4 1 Chicago -. 0 3 0 Ferris and Wagner; Hayne, Caldwell (9) and Treh, Plckey (9). New York .... 10 0 St. Louis 2 9 0 Bevlns and Dickey; Potter, Fannin (9) and Mancuso, A? 1