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About Herald and news. (Klamath Falls, Or.) 1942-current | View Entire Issue (Aug. 8, 1945)
fo) in r PRICE FIVE CENTS Day'rfews By FRANK JENKINS LONDON. Upon arriving In a foreign country, money Is the flint proulum lliut stiirus you Ij tho fuce. Right NOW not next week, oflcr you'vu got your foot on the ground you hnvo to limrn how to puy your bill. Otherwise your troubles will bu im numerous us tho sands uf the sea. Hot off th but, you must lolirn tliu bills unci tho coins unci their viiluo, and how to mnko chungo. You'll bo tempted, of course, just to hold out u hundful and loll the seller to take what Is coming to hint, but If you per sist In that trustful habit you'll come out uf tho small end of the hni'M. Minium nature In human naluro the world over, and it Just Isn't in human nature to lake from a greenhorn any LESS Hum Is coining to you. AFTER you've got so you can offer bill or a coin large enough to cover your purchase ond count your change with some degreo of confidence, you fnee another problem which Is Acquiring a sense of value. All prices, naturally, are, named in the money of llio country, In your earlier days, that will mean no more to you than an Inscription in Arabic carved on wnll. Before it means any thing, you have to reduce It in your mind to ooiiars ana ram. In England, the shilling Is the basic unit of value, and at pres ent a shilling is worth roughly 20 cents, So you spend a largo part of your time multiplying shilling prices by 20 cents. You keep thin up until you find that a price named In shillings gives you some understanding of value. After that, you have time left to look around ond see what's going on, t t t IT'S like a forolgn language. You may be able to read It. You may be able to understand at least a part of what Is being said to you and you may even be nblo to make others under stand you occasionally. But until you can quit translating everything that is said to you Into English beforo lis meaning can penetrate your mind you'll be practically helpless. You huvc to bo able to THINK In a foreign language before It does you much good. Similarly, you have to bo able to think in terms of foreign money before you can get over the uneasy feeling that you're losing your shirt In every transaction. ' BRITISH money Isn't necessar ily any simpler than other ' foreign money, but It Is easier for an American to master do causo British money and tho English language normally go hand In hand. If you get stuck, you can ask questions and have some confidence In the answers. Asking questions about strange money In a stkanub ain GUAGE Is enough to drive any body nuts. ' BRITISH bills in common usage are the pound and a half nound notes, Tlicro aro 20 shillings to a pound, and a half pound nolo is labelled 1U ami lings. As a general average, you buy a pound for about $4. You soon learn to buy pounds at a bank and nay your bills with them, in stead of just passing your traveler s checks tor in casual transactions here and there you can never be sure Just what the rato of exchange will be. rrllK coins In everyday use, starting from the bottom up, aro tho half penny (ha'penny), tho penny, about the size of a stovo lid, tho three-penny plcco (thruppence), tho shilling, the two shilling piece and tho half crown, worth 21 shillings. For somo reason too obscure for on American to fathom, they com plicate this set-up with n florin, also worth two shillings, but since the florin is the snmo size as a two-shilling plcco it doesn't bother you, A shilling looks like a quarter ond is now worth about 20 cents and a two-shilling plcco Is an undersized luilf dollar worth about 40 cents. A half crown Is an actual half dollar at existing exchange, and you lovo 'em be cause they mean somothing to ' you. Those similarities soon help to glvo you n sense of values. ' A penny Is a little shy of two cents In existing value, so that a thruppence Is tho rough equivalent of o nickel, Then there Is the sixpence,' looking like a dime and worth about that. . From tlmo to tlmo throughout the day you get thrown with a bump by having prices quoted to you In "guineas," A guinea Is a pound and a shilling. There Is no guinea coin or bill, It's just a theoretical unit. Why (Continued on Page Throo) Japs Reveal Bomb Damage To Hiroshima GUAM, Aug. 8 (!') The obliterating blast of a single atomic bomb dropped by a lone Suporlort destroyed 60 per cent o( the Important Japanese city of Hiroshima and today Tokyo admitted that practically nothing escaped death In its scorching path. "Those outdoors burned to death, while those indoors were killed by Indescribable pressure and heat," reported Tokyo. It said the city was In "disastrous ruin" and that houses and build ings were "crushed." The newspaper Asahl Bhlmbun appealed to the people to re main calm under the "inhuman" bombing and "pledge to fight through until the last." The editorial declared the Japanese mind had been "trained for Juit such an occasion as this." General Spaata warned the enemy that more B-29s are ready to drop more of the world's most destructive explosives on the Island cities if resistance continues. MILITARY TARGETS HIT The strategic air forces commander said that 4.1 square miles ol Hiroshima'! built-up area of 6.9 square miles were wiped out. Five military targets wore destroyed by the one bomb. The communication did not Identify them. Grim details ot what happened on the ground came only from Tokyo. The enemy broadcast revealed that the blast was so ter rible that the dead could not be distinguished from the Injured. Neither could be identllled. Destruction was so great, and need for relief so urgent, that authorities had been unable to establish th extent of civilian casualties. Spaata based his communique on photographs from the sky. They showed the heart of the city devastated with awful thor oughness as if a giant bulldoser had swept up buildings and nouses ana aumpea tnem into a Reconnaissance disclosed that tho harbor area of Hiroshima population of about 343,000 was barely touched by tho tre mendous blast. But the concus sion, or fire effect was so over powering elsewhere that several firebreaks and seven streams one stream was about three city blocks wide failed to stop the fiamcs. Tho high-flying camera planes circled Hiroshima a few hours after Monday's attack and found only two small fires still burn ing. The remainder of tho city appeared turned to ashes. Tho lens caught photographic proof Hint one bomb, sniull onough to bo carried by " any American bomber or fighter plane packs more death and destruction than thousands of tons of ordinary fire and demolition bombs. American officers who studied the pictures said the destruction was about the same as they would expect from a forco of about 150 Supcrforts, each car rying seven tons of Incendiary and demolition bombs. City Unprepared The city, which will go down in history as the testing ground for man's most awful weapon, was unprepared for such a swift, crushing blow. Tho Japanese had prepared their defense well against Supcrforts and fire bombs, but they were as noth ing against tho atom. Tightly congested Hiroshima had a population roughly mid way between that oS Denver and Seattle, respectively 322, 412 and 368,302 In 1040. But Denver covers 58.7 square miles and Seattle 80.7 square miles. Physically the destroyed area approximated Hint of Bayoncc, (Continued on Pago Throe) Lehman Advises New UNRRA Levy LONDON, Aug. 8 (!) A new UNRRA levy of $1,516,906,150 upon participating nations' was recommended today by Herbert H. Lehman, director-general of tho relief organization, with the warning that the winter ahead may bo "ono of tho grimmest in history." Tho recommended levy is ex clusive of a Russian request for $700,000,000. War Department Denies Bomb's Lasting Power WASHINGTON, Aug. 8 (IP) Tho war department today de nied published reports that areas devastated by tho atomic bomb continue for years to react with death-dealing radioactivity. In a statement, tho depart mont quoted Dr. J. R. Oppen hoimcr, head of this phase of tho atomic research, as saying "there Is every reason to believe that tlicro was no appreciable radio activity on tho ground at Hiro shima and what little tlicro was decayed very rapidly," Published reports had quoted Dr, Harold Jacobson of Colum bia university, ono of thoso who participated in tho atomic re search work, as saying tho bombed area in Japan might causo death for persons entering tho area for a period of 70 years. Ono of tho Initial war depart ment announcements on the bomb's discovery, however, de scribing an oxDerlment with the bomb In July In Now Mexico, said "to examine tho nature of tho crater" causer! bv llio exnliv slon "specially equipped tanks were wheeled Into t in area" so scientists could sco what had happened. Telephone Mil KLAMATH FALLS, OHEGON, WEDNEBDA' river. y The body of Robert Barney Holllngswortli, 20, was recov ered Tuesday evening from the waters of Lake o' the Woods where he had been missing since July lu. Holllngsworth was found by Col. Larry Allbritton.' of the .Murine Barracks, who Is th.c Camp Fire girls camp at the lake, Ho was on water sklis when ho first sighted the body and ho immediately went to shore and took a boat to the place where the body had come up. Holllngsworth was drowned on July 10 during a storm on tho lake when the boat in which ho was riding turned over. Drag ging operations were carried on for some time but were finally abandoned. Ho is survived by a sister, Mrs. E, H. Koschnick, and his mother, Mrs. Louis Mundros, both of Klamath Falls, Services will bo held at St. Paul's Episco pal church at 10 a. m. Saturday. Wards Funeral home has charge of arrangements, Death Toll Now 5 In Oregon Fires PORTLAND, Ore., Aug. 8 (P) Tho death toll In Oregon forest fires was five today as armies of fighters reported control of most recent lightning-set blazes in scattered sections of the state. Tho latest casualty was Sgt. Joseph W. Short, 26, a Pacific veteran from Evansvlllo, Ind., crushed under a bulldozer on the huge Tillamook fire last night. Tho bulldozer went over a cliff. A few hours previously an un identified negro paratrooper flown into tho Umnqua forest In Southern Oregon from Pendleton alrbasc was killed. He was not identified pending notification of next of kin. Army sources said he was ono of 10 dropped on the fire. Another was in jured. The war department 1 made this statement on the published story; "In response to inquiries from tho press regarding news stories appearing In this morning's newspapers based on an inter view with Dr. Harold Jacobson, tho war department today issued this statement: "In the opinion of the most competent experts who have been studying all phases of the effects of tho llomb for a number ot years there Is no basis for Dr. Jacobson's speculation with re spect to radioactivity. Thore has boon no expectation by thoso same experts of any such radio- Lpctlvo phenomena as ho de scribes. "Dr. J, R. Oppcnholmer, the head ' of this phase of work, when asked for his views said: 'Based on oil of our experiment-1 al work ond study, ond on the results of tho tests in New Mex ico, thero Is every reason to be lieve that there was no apprecia ble radioactivity on the ground at Hiroshima and what little there was decayed very rap Idly.' " 8. 1945 .A Atomic Bomb 92 ileclrom ( Negative) ' Confer 01 Atom It PoiHive Charge Called Piolons .O IUM V ,v"v, stim.itod Area of Totdi Annihilation. -200 Y,irds in Dirt m I or. From 11 Ton Bomb T Ciound . '1 Ground Ewtmatod Total Annihilation Aiea Of This Atomic Bomb- -At least Ton Times As Great AsFrom 11-Ton Bomb The top drawing shows in its most rudimentary form the uranium atom, used in the new atomic bomb. The 92 electrons are held In their orbit by the attraction of the positive electrical force In the center, called protons. When this atom explodes (top right) it divides into two complete atoms of different chemical element. Lower drawing shows a rough estimated comparison between the complete demolition area of an 11-ton British "earth quake" bomb and the new atomic bomb. (AP wirephoto sketch). NAS Plane Rushes Serum To Segregee Baby At Tulelake A plane from the Klamath naval air , station yesterday rushed serum from San Fran cisco to Klamath. Fplls , in, an at tempt to save the life of Rloko Ogawa, 15-month-old native of the Tuloloke segregee center. The little girl, of Japanese de scent, daughter of Mr .and Mrs. Hatsugl Ogawa,; developed men ingitis caused by influenza virus. Dr. Jack Sleatb, chief medical officer at the Tule base hospi tal, said that cases of this kind are fatal without use of a spe cial, recently-developed serum. Ho learned that .such .scrum was available at a San Fran cisco children's hospital, which offered to divide its supply if the scrum could be brought to Tulelake in time. Commander D. Paye, senior medical officer at the Klamath naval air station, was contacted, and arranged an emergency flight by navy plane to Alameda. Lt. D. M. Rachio flew the plane yesterday to Alameda and Murdered Student Found At Seattle SEATTLE, Aug. 8 (P) Rid dled with bullets, the body of Walter Bernard Foley, 22, Uni versity of Washington student and discharged serviceman, was found this morning crumpled be side the Juanita-Kenmoro cutoff highway north of here, sheriff's officers reported. Authorities said he apparent ly had been slain elsewhere and his body dumped from ao auto mobile near the Inglcwood golf course. King Peter Downs Tito Government LONDON, Aug. 6 (P) Youth ful King Peter of Yugoslavia re pudiated the government of Premier Marshal .Tito tonight and accused him of dictating to the people of Yugoslavia the way they should vote In an elec tion to- determine the future constitution of the country. He Issued a proclamation from his official residence pro claiming that the regents ap pointed . to represent him had failed to fulfill their oaths and obligations, The proclamation withdrew authority he invested in the regents, 74 Killed In Elevator Blast PORT ARTHUR, Ont Aug, 8 (P) Fourteen persons were list ed as dead and nine wcro re ported missing today as the re sult of an explosion which wrecked a grain storage eleva tor here yesterday. The blast rocked Port Arthur and neighboring Fort William, blew out all four walls of the elevator and hurled bodies as far us 200 feet from tho scene, Witnesses said It let loose "a sheet of flame 200 to 300 feet long," August 8. 1945 Max. (Aug. 7) 89 Mln 52 Precipitation last 24 hours 00 Stream year to date 13.28 Normal 12.22 Last yaar ...10.62 forecast! Clear and warmer. Diagramed a. 0 m EXPLOSION OF URANIUM ATOM FORMS TWO NEW ATOMS . back, through bad weather. He delivered the serum to Dr, Sleath at the. air station here, , aryl. htttpcdtp, Tulelakeii An in jection was given at 9 p. m The baby was still alive today, but it will be another day or two before the outcome is cer tain. 4 Powers Split Austria-Germany WASHINGTON, Aug. 8 UP)'! The Big Three and France today proclaimed their determination to separate Austria completely from Germany. Simultaneously, the four powers announced ma chinery to accomplish this pur pose. Pending ultimate independence under a "freely .elected" govern ment, a joint statement said, Austria and its capital city, Vienna, are to be split into four zones of military occupation. Each zone will have a military commissioner exercising supreme authority. For the country as a whole, the four will constitute an allied council. , Four Countries Sign Trial Plan LONDON, Aug. 8 (JP) The key plan for the trials of Ger many's major war criminals was signed today by the repre sentatives of the United States, Britain, Russia and France. The document was signed as it was disclosed that top-ranking nazis, held as prisoners of war at Mondorf, Luxembourg, and elsewhere, would be moved soon to the Nuernberg Jail, where they will lose their status as prisoners of war and be held as civil criminals. Chinese Troops Reoccupy Island CHUNGKING, Aug. 8 (IP) The Chinese high command an nounced today that Chinese troops had reoccupied Kukiang island at the mouth of the Min river northeast of Foochow, thus driving the Japanese from their last coastal foothold in the vicinity of that Fuklcn province port. The announcement said the island was held by only a small number ot Japanese and the op eration apparently was carried out with only slight opposition. BASEBALL NATIONAL R. H. E. Chicago 5 18 1 Bolton 2 5 1 Prim and Gillespie; Andrews, Hutchings (8) and Hofforth. AMERICAN R. H. E. Boston 2 7 3 Detroit 5 11 0 Ferris and Garbark; Ovcrmlre, Benton (8) and Swift. Number 10587 ESS NCR EASE IN WOODS CAMPS Strike Stops Produc tion Of Logs In Five Operations Idleness spread in logging camps of this area today as the aftermath of -a strike started among CIO unionists at the Wey erhaeuser Timber company's two woods operations yesterday, in an apparent attempt to get a union shop agreement with that company. Weyerhaeuser's woods crews were still out, no work was done today at the Bly Logging com pany's Sprague River camp, and the logging camn of the Chilo- quin Lumber company in north ern ruamatn county was report ed shut down in a sympathy ges ture. Pelican Bay Lumber company was not getting logs today from its Indian reservation camp, due to shutdown of operations of Weyerhaeuser's eastern Klamath railroad, over which Pelican Bay logs are hauled. Pelican Bay made immediate arrangements to shift its logging and truckine operations to Beatty, on the O. os t. railroad. Some Report Some men reDortert tn wnrk today at the Bly Logging camp,! which supplies logs tor the Ewauna Box company, but there were not enough on hand to get log production going. Union of ficials indicated that the strike which developed there yesterdav in sympathy with, the Wsyer-. uncuser Hiiuauon was Clue to a misunderstanding," but the Bly Logging employes were scat tered and only a part of them were available for work today. While the Weyerhaeuser diffi culty was reported as immedi ately due to the refusal of a nightwatchman to join the CIO union, it was indicated that the bigger issue is a union shop at tempt on the part of the union. The union has a contract with Weyerhaeuser which calls for "maintenance of union" but not for union shop. There was some talk that the CIO unionists might spread the strike in an effort to (Continued on Page Three) Trial Reveals Allied Advice PARIS,- Aug. 8 (P)A defense witness for Marshal Petain testi fied today that both the United States and Great Britain in formed France they would be unable to send her aid in the Orient and suggested that the Vichy regime accept Japanese demands on French Indo-China. Gen. Maurice Martin was the witness. He testified that the French command in Indo-China had been determined to fight on in 1940, when the Japanese de manded closing of the supply route to China. TRUMAN SIGNS WASHINGTON, 'Aug. 8 () tiatiucauon of tne united Na tions charter by this country was formally completed today with President Truman s signa ture on the senate's instrument of approval. Boom In Sports Predicted By Jesse Owens After War By PAUL HAINES Grinning, affable Jesse Owens, greatest track star of all time, predicts a boom for sports after the war, particularly in track. Owens is in town today In con junction with the gala "sports jamboree" being held at Recrea tion park in which he will run in special events and also against a race horse belonging to Pat Hogue. Owens, sitting across the desk from us, says that new coach ing methods and improved technique will make the time 9.3 possible in the 100-yard dash in the far future. Jesse's own record for the route is 9.4, which is approxi mately 30 miles an hour. "As little as you might think," Jesse said, "the track suit, itself, is an important item. The cut of the suit and its weight makes a world of , difference," Jesse de clared. "Placement of spikes in track shoes may also change the pic ture," he stated. Starting is probably the most Important Item in the 100-yard dash, he said. Jesse uses the "balance" start and drives off Truman Tells Soviet Entry Into Conflict WASHINGTON. Aug. 8 VP) Russia has declared war upon Japan. ' . The declaration, announced to the United States first by Presi dent Truman, and followed by a report on the Moscow radio, is effective at 2 p. m.. Pacific war time. The first reaction in Washington, unanimous and unequivocal, was that Russia's entry, coupled with the atomic bomb means an early end of the Japanese war. The president announced the soviet action at a hurriedly sum- : moned White House news conference. The president used these words, on which he authorised direct quotation: "1 have only a simple announcement to make. I can't hold a cegular priiis conference today but this announcement Is so im portant I thought I would call you in. Russia has declared war on Japan. That is all." A government official in a position to know told newsmen that agreement for Russia's entry in the Japanese war was con cluded at the Big Three meeting at Potsdam. SURPRISE - This official, who declined use of his name, recalled that the Russians were said authoritatively to have agreed at the Yalta conference that they would enter the war in due course. , There was no decision at Yalta, however, lt was said, on the timing. , Some surprise was expressed that the Russians had decided to fight the Japanese at such an early date. But there have been persistent reports, lacking official confirmation, that Russia would enter the Japanese war 90 days after the collapse of Germany. The Germans surrendered May 8. Belief that Russia's war declaration could force an uncondi tional Japanese surrender in a few days, was expressed by some ranking military and naval authorities. Piling one sensational development on another, these officials consider the soviet action coming after the atomic, bomb attack has supplied the enemy warlords with every excuse they need to quit and save face with the explanation that further fighting it useless because the entire world it against them. Should the warlords determlna Seventy marines from the Klamath Marine Barracks were sent out today to fight a fire at Grass Lake about 50 miles south of Klamath Falls, which by Wednesday afternoon had cov ered about 1200 acres of brush land. Forest officials in Mt. Shasta said that the blaze was under control this afternoon. This, fire was one of 60 fires started in the Shasta national forest . area by the lightning storms the first Dart of this week. From the Klamathforest area a little -further . west there were 88 fires reported. Nine or ten blazes were started in tne Lassen district. 14 in Trinity, and eight in the Modoc forest area. . Four of the blazes in the coast area were reported out of con trol. Several of the fires were in the Sacramento canyon south of Dunsmuir. Paratroopers were being used in the Diamond lake area this afternoon to stop fires there. From Modoe National forest came reports of a blaze in the Happy Camp mountain district which was under control Tues day night after eating into 120 acres of mature timber land. Crews from Long Bell lumber camps and Shaw camp fought the fire, cause of which is not known. The fire in the Aspen moun tain country Tuesday afternoon was under control after burning a small area of brush land. Crews from Klamath Forest Pro tective association were sent out on the blaze. Klamath Indian reservation officials were appr ehensive about forecast lightning storms Wednesday afternoon but no fires have been reported so far, Soviet Confers With Chinese MOSCOW, Aug. 8 A high ranking Chinese military man. Gen. Hstune Shih-Hui, today en tered into discussions at the Chinese embassy with the dele gation of Premier T. V. Soong, who is here for talks with Gen eralissimo Stalin and other sov iet officials. with his left foot. As you come out of the crouch, vou dig for the first.ten yards, and then lengthen into vour striae, ne staiea. There are three different styles or- types of start, Jesse said, but he prefers the balance start because it gives the runner a chance to set himself without too much strain and the runner is more relaxed in this start than any other. In racing against a horse, Jesse depends upon the start to carry him over tho finish line first. Ho figures on about a 30-yard jump on the horse from the start with tne norse gaining rapidly and the two fighting it out on even terms over the final 10 yards. Jesse's mark for the 220 is 20.3 seconds and the record still stands alone today. His record for the running broad jump of 26 feet 8 J inches also is unsur passed. Jesse smashed all known world and collegiate records while at tending Ohio State. He will be 32 years old next month and says with a grin that, "I can still run the hundred In 9.8." And, folks, that ain't so bad! to hold out, then the combination of pressures may be enough to break the will of the Japanese people and pitch the country in- 10 panic and revolution which would end the present militarist leadership and produce capitula tion. Beyond these two Dossibilities. persons familiar with Japan say that if the Japanese do not give up now, they must be expected to continue until their country is destroyed by atomic bombs . and their islands are invaded and conquered something which would take months to ac-' complish. , Strategically Russia's drclara. tion slams the last open door ; between Japan and the outer ' world. It puts under threat of i attack all 'those vast areas ot Manchuria ' in which Japan ' might have hoped to continue the -war against the allies pro vided the soviet union remained neutral. There is no evidence that Rus. sia will contribute materially to the invasion of Japan. If that has to be carried out, it may be expected to go off on schedule, months in future, pretty much regardless of Russia's move. The two big military results are these: - - ; 1. Siberian-air bases In the vicinity of Vladivostok Dresum- ably are being made promptly available to the United States army air forces to complete th DiocKaae ot tne Japanese home---land islands, to intensify the bombardment of the home is lands and to seal off the split of the great Japanese armies at home from those in Manchuria. 2. During the early years of the Pacific war, Russia and Japan maintained approximately equal forces in Siberia and , (Continued on Page Three) r Truman To Report On Potsdam Meet WASHINGTON, Aug. 8 (P) President Truman will report to the nation on the Potsdam con ference over all radio networks at 7 p. m. Pacific wartime Thurs day in a 30 minute speech. Presidential Secretary Crjarles G. Ross said today the speech, which probably also will be shortwaved abroad, will go into greater detail than the commun ique issued by the Big Three at the close of the meeting July 26. Logging Company Sues For Losses COOOS BAY, Aug. 8 (II Lyons and Irwin Logging com pany today filed suit against Coos Bay Logging company ask ing $256,400 for losses sustained from a forest fire in South Coos River canyon July 12 and 15. In a complaint in circuit court, Coquille, the plaintiff as serted the defendants were op erating donkey engines in their own operations the day the firo started and had not taken nec essary precautions to prevent or combat fire. The suit is one of the few ever filed in the state holding logging operators responsible for forest firo losses ' EAST COAST ARRIVALS By' The Associated Pres William C. Myers, PFC, 2026 Applcgatc, Klamath Falls.' Arrived on Sea Pike, due in New York August 6. John H. Lott Jr T5, Box 10, Chiloquin. Arrived on John Erickson, due in Now York August 6. Frederick S. Eyerly, 1st Lt., 1968 Earlc, Klamath Falls. Arrived on SS West Brooke Victory, duo In Hampton Roads, Va., August 7. .
