Sports ySl
Briefs f:' , -i
Br Vv,s
Hugh " V'
Fullarton, Jr. Sf
NEW YORK, Sept. 13 ....
Comparing this year's Okla--homa
football squad with the
1942 outfit, Harold Keith comes
up with the following sets of
figures: 1942 Age, 20.8 years;
height, 8 feet inch; weight,
187 pounds; 194319.3 years;
8 feet 11 Vk inches; and 174.6
pounds. . . . And his average
1943 player is a navy trainee,
too. . , Clemson's Joe Sher
man puts the situation at an
"army" school somewhat more
imply "We're planning to do
the best we can with what we
have, which is not quite some."
FUTURE BOOK
West coast golfers, including
Lieut.. Marvin (Bud) Ward, the
national amateur champion, are
high on the prospects of 14-year-old
Buddy Moe of Spo
kane, who shot 72-69 141 in
the Spokane city championship
this summer. . . . And the fight
folks out that way say to watch
for Light Heavyweight Joe Ka
hut, who is "frozen" on his
Oregon farm. . . . Alrick Man,
Jr., who handles the Junior
Davis cup team, rates the young
tennis players ' in this order:
Bobby Falkenbiirg, 'Jimmy
Brink and Jack Tuero. - Bobby
gets the top spot because of his
tennis brains, but man isn't so
sure that Brink won't be the
best player in the long run.
GIL HAD HIS FILL -
Gil Bouley, a 230-pound tack
le at Boston college last year,
pared his weight down to 218
while he was training to be
come an army physical training
instructor at Atlantic City,
N. J. . ..'..Then Gil decided he'd
like to be a flier in spite of the
200-pound limit, and the cadet
selection board gave him two
weeks to. get rid of the extra
poundage. ... So midsummer
afternoons, Bouley swathed
himself in wool and galloped
along the boardwalk. ... Most
of the bathers on the beach
paid little attention, but one
stopped Gil and asked: "Who
are you fighting?" . . . "The
cadet board," replied Bouley.
: QUOTE. UNQUOTE
Don Kolloway, on a visit
from Camp Grant, 111., to his
old White Sox buddies: "Know
what we did the other day?
Well, after a four-hour hike
with full pack we went through
an hour of calisthenics. And
then did "we get to go to our
barracks to rest? We did not.
We went to the mess hall to
scrub for two hours. . . . Won
der why I ever thought playing
a doubleheader at second base
was hard work?"
SERVICE DEPT.
: Joey Archibald, former feath
1 a h t chamn . who was
turned down as too short when
he tried to enlist in the navy
last year, was Inducted last
week and assigned to the navy.
APPROPRIATE
ABBREVIATION
Appropriate Abbreviation
Dick Wakefield's Tiger team
mates disclose that Dick's se
cret ambition is to be another
Frank Sinatra.-. . . But those
Who have heard him sing say
the only likeness is in the first
lyllable of Frank's name!
Yankees, Cords
Talk Procedure-
In World Series
CHICAGO, Sept. 12 IP) The
procedure to be followed in
staging the 1943 world's series
was the principal business sched
uled for discussion- Saturday
representatives of the New York
Yankees and St. Louis Cardi
nals with Kenesaw Mountain
Landis, commissioner of base
ball. . " ; . .
The chief topic for considera
tion was the division of the
seven-game series between the
American and National league
pennant winners. The league
leading clubs, representatives
and Landis also were expected
to decide on the official opening
date , and the site of the first
game.
James Brink Hands
Segura His First
Defeat In U. S.
LOS ANGELES, Sept. 13 OP)
A young Seattle tennis star,
James Brink, has handed Fran
cisco (Pancho) Segura of Ecua
dor his first defeat since the pop
ular South American s arrival
on the west coast.
Brink won from Segura, 7-5, In
a single set exhibition match
held yesterday at the 17th an
nual Pacific Southwest Tennis
tournament. ,
' PORTLAND, Sept. 12 OP)
(Tern Johnson, secretary of the
greater .Portland Baseball league
for 14 years, will put on an army
uniform September 16, L. T.
Gregory, sports editor of The
Oregonian, reported in his col
umn today.
Angels Rule
As Pacific
Shoughnesty Playoffs to
Follow Windup of Coast
League Play Last Sunday
By The Associated Press
Although it's no particular
news to anybody, Los Angeles
rules today as champion of the
Pacific coast league,' with San
Francisco, Seattle and Portland
following in that order.
The league wound up its' reg
ular business yesterday and will
turn almost immediately to the
Shaughnessy playoffs for the
president's cup and $10,000 in
bonus money, of which $3000
goes to the winner.
"The playoffs will open. in Se
attle and Portland Tuesday,
with the champions staying on
to meet the Ralniers on their
home lot and '. San Francisco
meeting the Beavers on their
home field. The survivors of
these series will tangle for cup
and cash. . ....
Los Angeles split two week
end doubleheaders with Seattle.
The Rainiers, a cellar club for
the first half of the year, best
ed the Angels 2-1 Saturday, but
dropped the nightcap, 4-3. Los
Angeles, after losing the first
contest yesterday, 3-1, finished
off the season with a 4-2 tri
umph. Portland split with San Fran
cisco Saturday, 6 to 5 and 2 to
4, but walked off with both
ends of the final doubleheader,
5-3 and '4-3.
Hollywood took a double
licking from San Diego yester
day, 11-4 and 3-2. The Oakland
Acorns . swept their imn
straight doubleheader from Sac
ramento, winning 12-7 and 5-2.
By The Associated Press
COAST LEAGUE
W. L.
Pet.
.710
.574
.548
.510
.471
.471
.452
.265
Los Angeles ... 110
San Francisco 89
Seattle 85
45
66
70
76
82
82
85
Portland -...79
Hollywood .....73
Oakland ..: 73
San Diego :70
Sacramento 41 114
Yesterday's Results
Portland 5-4, San Francisco
3- 3. .
: Seattle 3-2, Los Angeles 1-4.
Oakland 12-5, Sacramento 7-2.
San Diego 11-3, Hollywood
4- 2.
Results Saturday
Oakland 3-4, Sacramento 2-3.
Portland 6-2, San Francisco
5- 4.
Hollywood 3, San Diego 2.
Seattle 2-3, Los Angeles 1-4.
AMERICAN LEAGUE
W. L.
Pet.
.634
.549
.547
.515
New York .. ,..85
Cleveland .73
Washington -........75
Detroit 69
Chicago 66
St.. Louis ...62
Boston .62
Philadelphia ; ..44
49
60
62
65
67
71
74
88
.496
.466
.456
.333
Results Yesterday
New York 1-9, Boston 0-6.
Washington 4-9, Philadelphia
3-5.
St. Louis 2-6, Chicago 0-2.
Cleveland 2, Detroit 1. -
NATIONAL LEAGUE
W. L. Pet.
St. Louis 90 44 .672
Brooklyn 74 59 .556
Cincinnati .74 61 .548
Pittsburgh ......73 68 .518
Chicago .. 61 71 .462
Philadelphia .....58 75 .436
Boston 66 - 73 .434
New York ......49 84 .368
Results Yesterday
Brooklyn 8, Philadelphia 4.
Cincinnati 1-0, Pittsburgh 0-7.
-. New York 3-7, Boston 0-2.
St. Louis at Chicago, postpon
ed. ' " ' . , .... .. .. ......
SAN DIEGO FIGHTS '
SAN DIEGO, Calif., Sept. 12
OP) Odell Polee, Los Angeles,
was outweighed 17 pounds but
he stopped . Harold Blackshear,
204, Oakland and Monterey
heavyweight, on a technical
knockedout Friday night in the
eighth round of a 'scheduled 10
frame fight. '..';
Ball Champs
Gal Football Coach
Game -- But She's Not
By Arden Skidmore
SALINA, Pa., Sept. 13 OP) '
Comely Pauline Hugh, the girl
football coach, lost her first
game 47-0 but she's not ask
ing anyone for a spare shoulder
to weep on.
"Don't worry too much about
it," she told her Bell Township
lads,' patting them on the back
as they trooped to" their dress
ing room Saturday. "It was my
first game and yours, too. We
were too inexperienced."
The Derry players they
weren't going to let any girl
coached team beat them won
about as expected. Bell, it
should be explained is a "B"
class school , in this' western'
Pennsylvania hamlet, Derry an
Move Oyer, Pop
,. H.I.. --nT'"iiiniWiiiniiliviwiiiiii niniiiArii
Chester Joseoh Laabs Jr., 5
and let someone really hit one in
Browns. . - .
Klamath-Grant Grid Game
Gets State-Wide Publicity
The ' 'Klamath-Grant football
game September 24 came in for
prominent publicity in the Sun
day Oregonian.
In an article at the top of the
first sports page, it was pointed
out that the game is a highlight
of the Third War Loan drive in
Klamath county.
: "This game should be the sea
son's biggest prep affair in the
state so far as box office appeal
is concerned," said the Oregon
ian. J. :
" All of which reminds Klamath
sports fans that only by the pur
chase of a $25 war bond can they
obtain reserved seats -for the
Grant battle on Modoc field. The
Seahawks, Michigan Open
Grid Campaigns This Week
." By HAROLD CLAASSEN
NEW YORK, Sept. 13 IP)
The Iowa pre-flight eleven.
Camp Adair MP's
Win State Football
Championship Sunday
CORVALLIS, Sept. 13 OP)
The Camp Adair military police
team won the state Softball cham
pionship Sunday by edging out
the .Colored Merchants of Port-'
land, 5 to 4.
The soldiers trimmed Albany
by the same score in a semi-final
game earlier. The Merchants
gained the finals by defeating
the Astoria Coast Guardsmen,
9 to 2. ,
Brooklyn Pitcher .
Tries Out at Salem
Dodgers' Camp
SALEM, Sept. .12 IP) Just
leave it to the Dodgers they'll
do it every time!
Among some 58 candidates at
the Brooklyn baseball t r y o u t
camp which opened here yester
day under George, Sisler was
Cpf. McNinriy, a pitcher from
of all places Brooklyn, N. Y;,
said to be a rabid Dodger fan.
McNinny is stationed, withe an
army unit here. . .
WARNER BEATS CAMP
CORVALLIS,. Sept. 12 OP)
Warner Hardware of Albany de
feated Camp Adair Medics,-4 to
.0, Friday in the Oregon State
invitational Softball tournament.
"A" class school. It was like
pitting Sewanee against Notre
Dame.' -
"In her own class she's going
to give opponents a handful, and
I mean that," declared Brunto
Conti, Derry coach. "Her boys
were very aggressive and really
cooperated with her. They really
snapped to her call for the pre
game huddle."
Conti , said he , didn't . believe
Bell used a dozen plays but he
reported, "I saw a very nice
pass play into the flat on the
strong side from an unbalanced
line, and her off -tackle looked
good. -
p The 22-year-old blonde also
used an end run, Ujie buck"1, and
on one occasion a reverse.
; 1
it. tells daddy to get out of there
batting practice with St. Louis
bond must be purchased at the
chamber of commerce at the time
the reservation is made. r
, Grant is listed by the Oreeon
ian as a possible champion of the
Portland preo league this year,
along with, Franklin and Jeffer
son. 1
. Here is the Oregonian's brief
report' on the Grant situation:
' Grant Coached by Jerry Lll-
lie, won five, lost one. tied one
last year. Squad of 40 working
headed by Art . Milne,' end,
league's leading scorer last year.
Five other lettermen back are
Sheldon Jones and Fulton Olson,
ends; Evan Davis and R 'chard
McGregor, halfbacks, and Glen
Carnine.
glamor team of early 1942, and
Michigan, expected to replace
the Seahawks in thai role this
fall, open their campaigns this
weekend as the gridiron sport
takes another step nearer the
center of the stage.
Michigan, its own great col
lection of manpower increased
by navy contributions from
Wisconsin and Minnesota, tang
les with Camp Grant, 23 to 0
victors over Illinois last Satur
day. Iowa's Seahawks, coached
this year by Lt. Don Faurot,
oppose the Illini. "
On the same day Duke,
which got plenty of navy help
from Lake Forest, Auburn,
Georgia, Tennessee and Missis
sippi State, tangles with the
Camp Lejeune marines.
This trio of college elevens
may pile up some of the high
scores which officials predicted
for the coming campaign but
which were lacking in last
veekend's frays. .
. Yale had to go all out to de
feat Muhlenberg, 13 to 6, after
Wayne Johnson, one of Har
vard's better backs in 1942 but
now an eli by grace . of the
naval training program, suf
fered a severe injury on his
first play. Rochester - nipped
Bald win-Wallace, 14 to 6;
Swarthmore blanked Ursinus,
12 to 0, and Presbyterian
trounced Fort Jackson, 41 to 0.
In Friday night encounters,
central Michigan - worked out
at the expense of Alma, 13 to
6,' and Peru, ' Neb., Teachers
downed Rosecrans field , of St.
Joseph,. Moi, 7 to 0.
First
Crying
Conti, with a wide grin, said
Miss Rugh didn't come over to
shake his hand after the' game,
as is customery. She looked
"pretty badly broken up," he
added. : 1
"I thought he should have
come over to my side of the
field," Miss Rugh retorted.
What color the Bell team
lacked Miss Rugh supplied. In
fact, more than 3000 fans came
principally to. see her.- '
Attired in a two-piece brown
suit with a sweater under her
jacket, she squirmed and pitch
ed nervously on the' bench like
any; other' coach.: She showed
concern over' her boys, darting
out on the field several times
when players were hurt,, and
once helped tape a boy's ribs.
Pro-Gridiron
ChampsLose
Three Tilts
Washington Rtdtkins Maki
Three Appearances This .
Fall, Get Setback In All )
CHICAGO. Sept. ' 13 P)
What could be more embarrass
ing than to be the defending
champions - and lose your first
three games? , .,
The National Football league
pro champs of 1942, the Wash
ington Redskins, have 'made
three . formal appearances this
season, lost all three and. are
happy the games don't count in
the standings. The first was to
the college All-Stars, 27 to 7;
the second to Green Bay in an
exhibition a week ago, 23 to 21.
The third defeat camo yester
day . at the hands of , the Red
skins' old nemesis, the Chicago
Bears, whom the Washington's
upset for the pro title last De
cember. The Bears stepped out
before 56,000 fans at Baltimore
and spilled the champs, 21 to
14. This, too, was just an exhibi
tion tilt.
The New York Giants, a 42-28
victim of the Bears last week,
took it out on the Detroit Lions
yesterday at Akron, O., also by
a 21 to 14 score but before
only 11,000 spectators. An in
tercepted Lion pass sot up the
Giants' winning touchdown in
the last period.
The Brooklyn Dodgers started
their new coach, Pete Cawthon,
off on a winning note by plas
tering the Camp Lee (Va.) Sold
iers, 28 to 6.
Saturday night the Green Bay
boys won their, second exhibi
tion test of the season by beat
ing the Phil-Pitt Eagles, 28 to
10.
Clites Wins
California Golf
Championship
PEBBLE BEACH, Calif., Sept.
13 IP) Husky Elmer Clites, who
operates a crane In a Stockton
paper mill in working hours and
plays golf whenever he can, is
the 1943 California amateur golf
champion.
The 29-year-old working man
won his most Important links
crown here yesterday when he
swamped Bobby Rosburg, 18-
year-old University of San Fran
cisco student, 8 and 6, in the
scheduled 36-hole finals.
The new champion succeeds
Johnny Dawson of Los Angeles
who was eliminated in the first
round. He contributed one of
the big upsets by eliminating Na
tional Amateur Champion Lieut.
Marvin "Bud" Ward. U. S. A.,
1-up on the 20th in the quarter
finals.
Eugene High Coach
Has Five Lettermen
For Grid Nucleus
EUGENE, Sept. 13 OP) Coach
Hank Kuchera'of Eugene' high
school has five lettermen as a
nucleus for his 1943 football
team. .
Quarterback Ranny Smith,
Tackle Dean Bond and Guard
Mert Jones are the only first
string men back. Cece Berg,
end, arid Wayne Callaway, half
back, are the other letter win
ners. More than 40 boys turned
out. ' ' f
Robleto Takes
Slim Ten-Rounder
From Aguilar
HOLLYWOOD, Sept.' 12 OP)
Joe Robleto of Pasadena, Calif.,
won a decision by a slim mar
gin in his 10-round fight Friday
with Ernesto Aguilar, Mexico
City bantamweight.
The Mexican fighter was
down for a one-count in the first
round but put up a good battle
the rest of the way.
-Robleto ' came in at ' 122
pounds, Aguilar at 118.
" The digestion time of human
beings is lengthened by high
altitudes. ' ; -
END CONSTIPATION
THIS NATURAL WAY!
" ' ' - !
Millions now take Simple
' Fresh Fruit Drink instead ;
of Harsh Laxatives I . ,
It's lemon and water. Yes t Just
. the juice of 1 Sunkist Lemon in a
glass of water first thing on
arising. .
Taken first thing in the morning,
this wholesome drink stimulates
bowel action in a natural way
' assures most people of prompt,
normal elimination.
Why not change to this healthful
habit? Lemon and water is food
for you. Lemons are among the
richest sources of vitamin C, which
combats fatigue, helps you resist
colds and infections. They also
supply Brand P. They alkallnite,
aid appetite and digestion. Lemon
and water has a fresh tang, too
clears the mouth, wakes you up I
Try this grand wake-up drink
10 mornings. See if it doesn't help
Lou I Use California Sunkist'
emons, .
Make Reservations
For Quarterback
Dinner Tuesday "
The chamber of commcroo
will take reservations for the
Quarterback club dinner
scheduled for Tuesday night
at the Wlllnrd hotel any time
up until .Tuesday noon, ac
cording to Lee Smith, presi
dent of the Quarterback club
Monday..
Those planning to attend
this meeting are nuked to be
turo to get those reservations
made speedily.
Huskies Field
Seven Regulars
From Last Year
SEATTLE, Sept., 12 MY
Scvon regulars from last year's
University of Washington lineup
bulwarked tho No. 1 Husky foot
ball 'team fielded Thursday.
Conch Rulph (Pest) Welch last no
time In putting his big and tal
ented' squad to work.
Two former Washington State
college varsity pcrformors and
two freshmen completed tho first
eleven. The probable starting
lineup for Washington s opening
game September 25 against Whit
man. Welch had Bob Erlckson, U.
of W. triple threat ace, ond Jay
Stoves of WSC, alternating at
left halfback, but sideline ob
servers were of tho opinion
Stoves might end up at quarter
back as both backs are too valu
able for port-tlmo duty.
Pete Suslck, holdover quarter
back who wilt be leaving for of
ficers' training school in October,
filled in at full, with Gerry Aus
tin, lctterman from Kelso, call
ing signals. Noll Brooks, veter
an Washington fullback whose
eligibility under navy training
standards is In doubt, was In uni
form yesterdoy.
In the line were Gall Bruce,
freshman, and Jack Tracy, hold
over, ends; Don Decks and Leon
ard Larson, holdovers, tackles;
Bill Ward from WSC and Frank
Saksa, holdover1, guards: Gordon
Berlin, freshman, center.
Bill Skiff Has
New Contract
With Rainiers
SEATTLE. Sept. 13 OP) Man
ager Bill Skiff of the Seattle
Rainiers will take his team into
the Coast league president's cup
series with a new one-year con
tract in his pocket.
He and Emll Sick, club presi
dent, came to terms Saturday.
Details of the contract were not
revealed, but Sick told newsmen
Skiff's salary probably was as
high as any now paid In the
league.
Skiff brought. his club. home
third this year after a disappoint
ing start. In his three years with
the Rainiers he has won one
league pennant and two Shaugh
nessy playoffs. .
Z 7
YOUR ARMY rolls on ynth.Uo rubber tires
for trucks, guns. Jeeps, scout oars, naif-tracks.
Other ynthtlorubb products I "crash pads"
' inside tanks, boots, lubbers, soles and heals,
gaskets, pontons; assault
wire.
YOUR AIR FORCE lands on synthauotlraa.
Other synthetlo rubber products: bullat-sealing
fual tanks and hose, refueling hose, hydraulic
hose, window saala, grommets, "crash pada,"
barrage balloons, emergesoy
Ted
SHOOPandSCHULZE
"The Tlra Men" 'v.
BLACK ond WHITE SUPER SERVICE
Main and Spring - Phone 7741
1
PAGE SIX
Cinci Pitcher Heaves
One-Hitter at Pirates
Elmer Riddle Makes Best Record On
Mound Sunday; Pitts Gain Split
By TED MEIER
Associated Press Sports Writer
. It Isn't very often that a onn-hltter Is pitched In the mnjnr
leagues . after Labor Dny, but. Elmer Riddle, of tho Cincinnati
Reds, accomplished tho foat against the Pittsburgh Pirates yes
torduy. .
In a day marked by superlutlve mound performances, Rid
dlo's effort was coBlly tho best. Pitted against the 20-gnme win
ner,' Rip Sowell, In the first game of a duublelivuilur, Hlddlo re
tired tho first 22 mon lo fni-c him. Than, with nno out In tho
nlnhtli. Rnh Klllnlt rimililrrl far the Pirates' Inno blnule.
Rlddlo went on lo gain his 19th victory of the year with 1
to 0 shutout. Only one other Pittsburgh butter got on base. Pinch
Hitter Tommy O'Brien walked with one out In the ninth, but
was erased In a double piny.
Cincinnati's one run enme In
tho fourth when Bert Haas
walked and crossed homo plutc
on singles by Steve Mcsncr and
Eddie Miller. .
Pittsburgh gained a split by
taking tho nightcap, 7 to 0, be
hind Xavier Rcsclgno's four-hit
twirling, coupled with Jim Rus
sell's three-run homer in the
sixth.
Aco Adams,, the New York
Giants work horse, camo near
est to Riddle's performance. Ho
beat the Boston Braves, 7 to 2,
with a neat thrco-hltter. In tho
opener Southpaw Cliff Melton
blimkcd the Braves, 3 to 0, by
scattering seven hits.
The New York- Yankees
swept a five gnmo, series from
the Boston Red Sox, 1 to 0 and
9 to 6. Ernlo Bonhnm outpltch
ed Joe Dobson in the opener,
yielding four hits to Dobson's
six. In addition Bonhnm won
his own game, singling Joe
Gordon home in the eighth Inn-
ing. Gordon had doubled and
stolen third. Atley Donald's
one-hit flvo inning relief per
formancc won the nightcap aft
cr Charley Wensloff had been
knocked out.
The St. Louis Browns like
wise got good pitching from
Bob Muncriuf and Denny Gnlc-
houso and swept a doublchcad
or from the Chicago Whito Sox,
2 to 0 and 6 to 2.
Washington moved within
two percentage points of the
second placo Cleveland Indians
by beating the Philadelphia
Athlotics twice, 4 to 3, and 9
to 9,
Tommy Bridges hurled a
four-hitter for Detroit against
Cleveland, but lost, 2 to 1,
when Mike Rocco tripled and
scored on Lou Boudreau's fly.
Brooklyn won its 18th game
in 21 starts by beating the
HERE'S WHAT
SYNTHETIC RUBBER
MEANS TO YOU
YOUR NAVY loads Us fuel oil through syn
thetlo rubber auction hose. Other aynthatia
rubber produetai bedding bag material, gun
mount als, life veita, propeller shaft cover
ings, pontons, discharge hoi. '
gas tanks.
Jack
Soptombcr 13, 1048
1
Phillies, 8 lo' 4, through a six
rim uprising In tho seventh.
A si'heuuled doiiblchender
between the St. Louis Cardi
nals and lite Chicago Cubs was
postponed.
Beavers May
Have to Suit
Up Waterboys
PORTLAND. Ore., Sept. 13 IP)
Couches John Wurrvn o( Oregon
und Lon Stlner of Oregon Suites
....... Un..u .... Itt.tl LIUIUK
,,it, nut, ,v p,, .iiv.i
boys when football prospects
turn out Thurxduy.
Warren sulci nt Eugene ha
would huve to stin t from scratch
with a green team of 17-ycor-olds
and 4-r's. He expects a low old
er Webfoots buck, but doesn't
count on their services as they
are awaiting call to military re
serves. Stiner Is looking for the return
of only one veteran Beaver Bob
Stevens, junior quarterback.
Twlcc-a-day drill will be the or
der for the first two woeks.
Tho Webfoots and Bcuvcrs will
get started a week Inter than oth
er Pacific Const conference
teams, giving them Just three
weeks to prepare for opening
giimcs October 0.
HORSESHOE PITCHER
PORTLAND, Sept. 12 (IP)
Licius (.unpen, i-oriionct, won
tho annual stato horscshno pitch
Ing tournnmcnt held at Laurel.
hurst park this week.
When In Medlord
Star at
HOTEL HOLLAND
Thoroughly Modem
Joe and Ann Earlejr
Proprietors
YOUR CAR someday 1 -r"W - 1
next yaai will soil on F - 1
U.S. Royal D Luxe aya- I lVi I
thatlo Uras (or essential I 4 1