iVcir# Review o f Current Event #
A YEAR OF WAR IN SPAIN
1,000,000 Killed, But On It Goes ,.. Robinson's Death
Perils Court Plan . . . Poor Harvest Worries Europe
miss several of his officers as a
punishment
Gen. Sung assured the Japanese
he would evacuate the area west
of Peiping, and would do his utmost
to suppress communism and anti-
Japanese activities.
Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, dictator of
China, had not yet formally replied
to the Japanese ultimatum.
See New Golden A g e
Joe Robinson Rallies the Democratic National Convention.
'
FRIDAY, JULY 80, 1987
THE B O N N E V I L L E DAM C H R O N I CL E
TWO
SUMMARIZES THE WORLD’S WEEK
© Westtrn Newspaper Union.
Bloody Anniversary
Spanish civil war entered
T HE
its second year. For the popu
lations of rebel cit
ies, the occasion
was one for joyous
celebration
with
fiestas, bull fights
and concerts the or
der of the day. Gen.
Francisco Franco,
commander of the
insurgent f o r c e s ,
publicly proclaimed
it a “ year of tri
umph.” He ordered
Gen. Franco that all communica
tions and public doc
uments for the next twelve months
be dated as of “ the second year
of triumph.”
In the first “ year of triumph,”
more than a million persons, includ
ing women and children, were
killed. The insurgents claim to have
taken 34 of the SO provincial capi
tals of the country, and all of its
colonies. They have captured six
of the eleven cities of more than
100,000 inhabitants: Seville, Malaga,
Bilbao, Saragossa, Cordoba and
Granada.
As the rebels celebrated the eve
of the war’ s first anniversary, the
loyalists marked the occasion by
opening a new offensive in north
ern Spain. B’or the first time in
months they sent out squadrons of
planes to harass the insurgents near
Santander; they made advances
along the Aragon front, and forced
the rebels to send reinforcements
to the area about Albarracin. Air
planes also caused some damage to
insurgent forces holding siege to
Madrid. The government army ap
prehended a band of Moorish sol
diers trying to succeed with a sur
prise night attack 15 miles west of
Madrid, and slew 600 of them.
The rebels lost little time in at
tempting to regain their losses
around Madrid. Franco unleashed
the full power of his main army of
160,000 in a drive to recapture Bru-
nete and other suburbs of the loy
alist stronghold; they were met by
at least 250,000 defending govern
ment troops. Every weapon of war
except gas was used. There was
hand-to-hand fighting in the trenches
and the greatest use of artillery
since the World war as the fiercest
battle of the Spanish conllict raged.
The battle was opened by as spec
tacular an aerial fight as the world
has seen in years; insurgents were
reported to have lost 27 planes
against only four for the loyalists.
sumption of potatoes and sugar
beets, and partly with cheap, plenti
ful corn from southeastern Europe.
It is expected, even so, that Ger
many will have to buy 1,500,000 to
2,000,000 tons from other foreign
countries. Experts estimated that
the German harvest for 1937 would
be 10 to 20 per cent below the aver
age for the years 1930-35.
Poland, from which Germany has
been able to buy grain in the past,
will not be able to sell any this year,
while Hungarian, Rumanian and Ju
goslavian crops will be smaller than
last year, because of drouth.
It was believed that if the current
drouth continued the farmers of
Great Britain would likewise suffer;
rainfall in the past month has been
about one-fifth normal.
Of the Baltic countries only Lithu
ania, it is believed, will have a crop
equal to her needs. Crops suffered
badly in Latvia, Esthonia and Fin
land. Only Spain, in all Europe,
with an iperease of 15 per fen t
ewer last year’s grain harvest,^ap
pears likely to enjoy a well-filled
bread basket.
—
•¥—
Inventor of Wireless Dies
MARCONI, who al
G UGLIELMO
tered the lives of all of us
when he invented the wireless, died
suddenly of a heart attack at his
home in Rome. He was sixty-three
years old, had been in good health
and was planning the construction
of a new radio station in the Vatican
at the time of his death.
_ *—
Sino-Japanese Crisis
JUST after a verbal agreement
between Chinese and Japanese
military commanders had appeared
to have prevented an impending re
newal of the Sino-Japanese war, the
Japanese government officially an
nounced that heavy concentiation of
Chinese troops had been made at
Peiping, constituting a direct act of
aggression against Japan.
At the same time the Nanking
government claimed that 17 Japa
nese troop trails, carrying 30,000
soldiers, were en route to North
China from Corea and Manchukuo.
Earlier, 12,000 Japanese troops
were said to have arrived in North
China to supplement the regular
garrison of 7,000.
At Tientsin, Gen. Sung Cheh-Yu-
an, chairman of the Hopei-Chahar
political council and commander of
the Chinese forces in North China,
had complied verbally with the Jap
anese ultimatum for peace, al
though he refused to sign anything.
In a talk with Lieut.-Gen. Kiyoshi
Europe Short on Grain
Ratsuki, the Japanese commander,
r U R O P E began to worry about he apologized for the clash between
the possibilities of a hungry Japanese troops and the Chinese
winter as early threshing indicated Twenty-ninth army at Lukowkiao
a serious grain shortage.
July 7, the Incident which perpe
Germany’ s shortage was estimat trated the new crisis, and expressed
ed at 3,000,000 tons. The deficit will the regrets of the Hopei-Chahar
be met partly with increased con council. He said that he would dis
* * \ X 7 E ARE on the threshold of
» * tremendous economic and
social changes that will be wrought
by the development of epochal in
ventions just emerging into public
view.” That’ s from a report of sci
entists and engineers of the national
resources committee, made public
by President Roosevelt. “ The utili
zation of these inventions,” said the
report, “ will make for a period of
great prosperity in which labor
displaced by recent technological
improvements will be absorbed by
new industries and other activities.”
The inventions listed in the re
port were: Mechanical cotton pick
er; air conditioning; plastics (cre
ation of new materials and sub
stances by chemical and other
processes); photo-electric cell for
automatic control of mechanisms;
cellulose products; synthetic rub
ber; prefabricated houses; televi
sion; automobile trailer; gasoline
produced from coal; steep flight air
craft, and ,ray agriculture (growth
of food plants in chemically treated
water).
The report said, in part:
“ The question whether there will
be a large amount of unemployment
during the next period of business
prosperity rests only in part on the
introduction of new inventions and
more efficient industrial techniques.
“ The other important elements
are changes in the composition of
the country’ s production (such as
appreciable changes in the propor
tion which service activities consti
tute of the total), the growth of
population, changes in the demands
for goods and services, shift in mar
kets, migration of industry, hiring
age policies of industries, and other
factors.”
lieve that when the issue came up
again they would be successful in
recommitting the substitute bill to
the judiciary committee, an effec
tive way of killing it. The indica
tion of opposition greater than had
been expected in the house of rep
resentatives was another factor
pointing to the eventual fall of the
bill.
Another battle was not long in
getting under way: to decide who
the new majority leader of the sen
ate should be. Conservative Dem
ocrats were anxious to wrest a
measure of control from the White
House by backing Sen. Pat Harri
son of Mississippi, who has been
faithful to the President, but is
fundamentally conservative.
The
more radical senators backed Al-
ben W. Barkley of Kentucky, Demo
cratic national convention keynoter,
who had been Robinson’ s assistant
as floor leader. Another prospect
was Sen. James F. Byrnes of South
Carolina, but it was believed his
strength would eventually be trans
ferred to Harrison.
Another thing that had Washing
ton guessing as a result of Robin
son’ s death was the vacancy on the
Supreme court left by the retire
ment of Justice Willis Van Devan-
ter. Robinson, it was generally be
lieved, was to have received the
appointment.
Security for 21,000,000
21,000,000 workers are
N EARLY
now covered by the unemploy
ment compensation laws of the 48
states, Hawaii, the District of Co
lumbia and Alaska, the social se
curity board estimates. When the
social security act became effec
tive August 14, 1935, it was expected
only about 17,000,000 would be cov
ered.
Most of the state laws specify that
funds shall be made up only out of
contributions by employers; eight
require employees to contribute, and
the District of Columbia adds a gov
ernment contribution to those of
employees and employers.
Wisconsin, where the state law
was operating before the security
act was passed, is already paying
— * —
benefits. Twenty-two more states
will start January 1. The last to
Falls ’Face to Battle'
HEN Sen. Joseph T. Robinson start payments will be Georgia and
of Arkansas dropped dead of Montana, in July, 1939.
*
a heart attack in his apartment
across from the United States Capi Upper Silesia Still Puzzle
tol, the President*?
EFORE a new accord could be
plan for securing
reached, the 15-year-old Geneva
new
appointments convention designed to reconcile the
to the Supreme court Interests of both Poland and Ger
bench, even in its many in Upper Silesia, expired. Up
amended form, died per Silesia was once part of both
with him.
Germany and Poland. The people
That is the belief
of close observers in
Washington.
F or
"Joe” Robinson was
the President’ s tow
er of strength in the
Senator
legislative branch of
Two hundred years before he be
Harrison
the government He came American the wooden Indian
had served the Democratic party was British, and even as far back
well in the senate since 1913, and as as 1617 occupied the counters of the
the majority leader in the upper
apothecary’ s shop. Not until the
house since 1932.
reign of Queen Annes, according to
Joe Robinson’s job it was to keep
a writer in the New York Times,
a smooth balance between the con
were shops opened purely for re
servative Democrats, largely of the
tailing tobacco products. Owing,
South, and the more radical mem
probably, to the fact that the aver
bers of the party from the North
age artist of that day did not ac
and West, so that the objectives of
quaint himself with the aborigines
the New Deal could be turned out of
of other lands through first-hand ex
the legislative mill.
perience, the characteristics of the
Robinson never fought harder
wooden Indian smacked of African
than he did in his last battle. As
lineage.
His embellishments often
he worked hard and long in an at
included the Roman shield, spear
tempt to get the “ compromise”
and tunic, though sometimes the
court plan passed, often raising his
skirt' was of tobacco leaves and his
voice and exerting himself mightily
headdress was composed of ostrich
in senate arguments, it was appar
plumes. In fact, effigies of that
ent to his colleagues that he was not
well. Sen. Royal S. Copeland, the particular design were usually
only physician in the senate, had called black-boys, the possible con
several times asked him to calm nection being between slaves who
himself lest he hasten his own worked in tobacco fields and In
dians who smoked the leaves of the
death.
plant.
While the senate was adjourned
The carvers of these figures were
for Robinson’ s funeral, administra
not
limited to amateur artists. Some
tion leaders sought to rally support
so the court bill could be passed, of the foremost sculptors of the day
even without the late senator’ s lead turned out many a well-modeled
ership. But the opposition forces brave. Unfortunately, sculptors did
were equally determined to take ad not hallmark their pieces, so that
vantage of the psychological aspect little or no positive identification
of the senate following Robinson's is possible.
Pine was the favorite wood from
death—the desire to effect a peace,
finish the session’ s business and get which the body was made — usu
ally of one piece, exclusive of the
away from the capital.
The forces opposed to the bill be- arms. It was first blocked out with
W
—
B
—
of the two sections have since that
time mingled freely with one an
other, carrying on a live commerce
unhindered over the boundary linei
set by the League of Nations.
The diplomatic difficulties oc
curred when no solution was forth
coming for the problem of what to
do with the Poles who wanted to re
main in the German section and the
Germans who wanted to remain in
the Polish section.
Mrs. Roosevelt's Taxes
Representative Hamilton
W HEN
Fish (Rep. N. Y.) sought to
demonstrate the unfairness of the
tax evasion investigation commit
tee, he demanded
that the committee
investigate the in
come of the wife of
the President from
r a d i o broadcasts,
charging that she
was not paying a
cent of income taxes
upon those earnings.
She had turned over
$39,000 to the Amer
ican Friends Service
Rep. Fish
committee, a Phila
delphia charity, kept $1 per broad
cast for herself and paid nothing
whatever from her radio earnings
to the government.
Assistant Attorney General Rob
ert H. Jackson replied for her, ex
plaining to Chairman Doughton of
the congressional committee that
the bureau of internal revenue had
advised Mrs. Roosevelt she need
pay no tax on the receipts from the
broadcast. He declared the respon
sibility “ is not that of Mrs. Roose
velt, but that of myself and others
who were treasury officials at the
time.”
— * —
6,625 Miles in One Hop!
the world still thrilling to
W ITH
the recent flight of three Rus
sian aviators from Moscow to the
United States via the North Pole,
three more Russians did it again,
completing the longest non-stop
flight in history.
After flying 6,625 miles from the
Russian capital, Pilot Michael Gro
mov, Co-Pilot Andrei Yumoshev and
Navigator Sergei Danilin, made a
forced landing in a cow pasture near
San Jacinto, Calif. A leaking gaso
line line had exhausted their fuel
supply as they battled heavy fogs
which hung over the west coast re
gion. Their flying time was esti
mated at 62 hours and 17 minutes.
The fliers spent the next few days
reaping the rewards of their accom-
plishmennts, as they were honored
at many celebrations.
Early American Wooden Indian Was
Patterned After the British Model
an axe into the space allotted for
head, body, legs and feet. Carv
er’s chisels roughly indicated detail
later to be picked out with more
delicate tools. The hands and arms
were attached with screws. Occa
sionally an entire figure was con
structed wholly of small blocks of
wood glued together.
Banana’ s History Is O ld;
Came From Southern Asia
Among the accounts of man’ s en
deavors on this earth, the discovery
and development of important foods
stand out. The history of the banana
can be traced back until before th<»
beginning of history.
The yellow fruit is thought to have
developed first in the humid tropi
cal regions of Southern Asia. From
there it moved slowly westward.
Alexander the Great found the
fruit along the Indus three centuries
before Christ. The Arabs carried it
to the Holy Land, to northern Egypt,
and perhaps also across the Dark
continent to the west coast, ac
cording to the Union Oil Bulletin.
When the Portuguese arrived on
the Guinea coast, looking for slaves
and gold, about ten years before
Columbus sailed for the “ Indies,”
they found the banana, liked it, and
carried it to the Canary islands.
From there, probably in the year
1516, it went to the New World.