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About The Bonneville Dam chronicle. (Bonneville, Or.) 1934-1939 | View Entire Issue (July 23, 1937)
News Review of Current Events WAR CLOUDS OVER CHINA Japs See Little Hope for Truce . . . I 3 Senators Hold Court Bill in Balance ... Steel Mills Smoke Once More * V‘ U/. fticJcalzA SUMMARIZES THE WORLD’S WEEK © Western Newspaper Union. New Sino-Japanese Conflict? between China and Japan W AR was believed almost inevitable as hopes of settling a new outbreak of hostilities by diplomatic means faded out. The fight ing ensued as Jap anese gendarmes at tempted to take over the policing of Yu anping and Lukow- kiao, two villages in the Peiping area, near Marco Polo bridge. This, the Japanese said, was provided for in the North China truce. Emperor According to the Hirohito assertions of the Japanese war office, Chinese soldiers fired upon the gendarmes and opened up with trench mortars against the Japanese contingent at the Yuanping station. This action allegedly com pelled the Japanese to make a night assault, costing 20 lives, in order to occupy the towns of Lungwangmiao and Tungshinghwan. It was said the Chinese troops had also ad vanced into these points. Officials of the Hopei-Chahar coun cil claimed the Japanese moves were in open violation of the truce. They further accused the Japanese of conducting night army maneu vers, using real bullets instead of the blanks ordinarily employed in maneuvers. As Emperor Hirohito and Premier Fumimaro Konoe con ferred with military leaders and the cabinet, the Japanese people franti cally prepared for the war that loomed. China’ s Nanking government gave orders to Gen. Sung Cheh - yuan, commander of the North China forces, that his army was not to re treat for any reason, but was to be prepared to make the “ supreme sacrifice” to hold its position until Gen. Chiang Kai-shek should arrive over the Peiping-Hankow railroad with 50,000 fresh troops. China’ s demands for a truce were considered intolerable by the Jap anese government. They included: 1. Japan must assume responsi bility for the "incident.” 2. Japan must express regret. 3. Japan must pay damages to the Chinese and submit guaranties against such incidents in the future. Japan made counter demands at first reported to be accepted by the Chinese, later repudiated by them. These were: 1. Withdrawal of all Chinese troops from the area about Marco Polo bridge. 2. Punishment for “ the Chinese responsible for the conflict.” 3. Adequate control of all anti- Japanese activities in North China. 4. Enforcement of measures against communism. As the fighting continued in the Peiping area, with no hope of an effective compromise on the two na tions’ demands, war seemed the probable result. (Wash.), Brown (N. H.), Caraway (Ark.), Duffy (Wis.), Johnson (Colo.), Lewis (111.), M u r r a y ( Mo n t . ) , Overton (La.), Pep per (Fla.), Russell, Jr. (Ga.) and Wagner (N. Y.). Lundeen (Minn.) was the Farmer-Laborite. The substitute for the original Ashurst bill provides for appoint ment of one new justice each year to every justice remaining on the court after reaching the age of seventy-five years. It would enable President Roosevelt to name one new justice this year and assure him of at least one new appoint ment in each remaining year of his term, in addition to the appoint ment he will have as the result of Justice Van Devanter’ s retirement. It also provides for appointments to lower court benches. It was believed that public opin ion would decide the commitment of the senators "on the fence.” If it becomes apparent that public opinion is against the substitute as it was against the original bill, it is likely that the administration lead ers in the senate will propose an amendment preventing the substi tute bill from including present members ot the court. This would postpone the enlargement of the court until some new appointee be comes seventy-live. George Gershwin: Dead at 38. Obituary in Blue composer who lifted jazz music up to the level of the classics, died sud denly in Hollywood after an opera tion for brain tumor. He was thir ty-eight. His “ Rhapsody in Blue” was famous among the world’s mu sic lovers, his opera, “ Porgy and Bess” one of the most individually American of all musical works. His “ Suwannee” sold more than 2,000,- 000 copies, his musical comedy score, “ Of Thee I Sing,” was a Pulitzer prize winner, and some of his compositions, such as “ Strike Up the Band,” “ Soon,” and “ Some body Loves Me” were sung and danced to by millions. Many prom inent critics called him the most original force in American music. — -K — G e o r g e g e r s h w in , Rebels Fall from Madrid rebel forces which took S PANISH Bilbao after the city’ s first suc T P Strike Riot Kills Two striker and one policeman O NE were killed and twenty men they have imposed upon the British would operate only until a per commonwealth and the United manent scheme could be worked out, placing observers for the non States an armaments race. “ We did everything in our power intervention committee in all non- to avert it, but it is a race, and the Spanish seaports and airports from British and ourselves must inevita which men and supplies might leave bly win. I admit the strongest ar for Spain, and in all Spanish ponts gument that can be made for dic to see that none landed there. After tatorships—they offer a better meth that, the sea patrol would be abol od of preparing for war. But I ished. Mr. Eden’ s plan, of course, would am sure that democracies provide not work without the approval of a better way to finish a war.” the Nazis and Italians. The Nazis charged that the am bassador had insulted Germany and Italy with his “ arrogance and ig Navy Hunts tor Amelia norance.” Voelkischer Beobachter, OUR ships of the United States the official newspaper, added: “ If navy, with attendant airplanes; there is any talk of defense, then two ships of the Japanese navy, we should speak of defense against and a British freighter scoured the the arrogant and teacher-like atti vast wastes of the South Pacific tude of the defenders of western in an effort to find and rescue ideals.” Amelia Earhart Putnam, Am erica’ s No. 1 woman flyer, and her navi Lewis Scans the Sea gator, Fred Noonan. The pair had OHN L. LEWIS sought to expand been forced down before complet the scope of his Committee for ing the 2,570-mile hop from New Industrial Organization by invading Guinea to Howland island, a “ leg” the maritime industry. With Harry of their ’round-the-world flight. Bridges, west coast longshoremen’ s Signals received from the hapless leader, he sought to unify scattered flyers were so weak that it was maritime unions in one big indus impossible to tell whether they were trial organization dominated by the afloat at sea or marooned on some C. I. O. The American Federation of tiny island, and as the days passed Labor already has two strong unions it became doubtful that many of in the maritime field, so this action the radio messages which served brings Lewis into another point of as clues for the searchers were friction with William Green’ s or from the two at all. ganization. The nation has 250,000 So alarmed was the world at the marine and coastal workers. loss of Amelia and her companion, the United States even sent out the giant aircraft carrier Lexington Mr. Eden Has a Plan D LA N S to maintain the non-inter- with 98 planes aboard, which, it * vention patrol of Spain in a was said, could explore an area of fashion that will satisfy all the na 36,000 square miles in five or six tions concerned and insure against hours. the spread of t h e conflict beyond the M ae W est Tells All S p a n i s h borders | T SEEMS Mae West, buxom have blown about 1 blonde cinema menace DID mar like papers in a ry Frank Wallace in Milwaukee on \ storm. And w h e n April 11, 1911, after all. After stout you get right down ly denying the marriage which to it, that is about aroused the whole nation when it all t h e y h a v e was revealed in 1935, she did an amounted to. about-face and confessed it, al Now A n t h o n y though denying she had ever lived Eden, Britain’ s for with the vaudeville player as his eign secretary, has wife. Her admission was necessitat Anthony come up with a new ed when she answered Wallace’s Eden one, as deft and per suit for declaratory relief in a Los haps as futile as any which have Angeles court. gone before it. It provides for — * — the full re-establishment of land and sea control of movements of Nation Finds More Jobs EARLY 35,000,000 persons are men and arms into Spain. French and British warships would patrol now employed in non-agricul- the coastline with German and Ital tural pursuits, the federal reserve ian observers aboard (the Fascist board has announced. This is only nations, indignant over the Leip 1,000,000 or 1,500,000 shy of the av zig incident, have withdrawn from erage in 1929 and 8,500,000 to 9,000,- the patrol). This arrangement 000 more than in March, 1933. F cessful siege are still finding Madrid a tough nut to crack. In a two-day battle the loyalist forces broke through the siege lines about the city, captured the villages of Villa- neuva de la Canada and Brunette, and threatened to cut the besieging rebels off from their main forces. So nearly successful was the at tempt to rout the rebel forces that C . I. O . Steel Grip Loosens the latter were forced to admit new HE grip of the C. I. O. con troops might have to be withdrawn tinued to loosen in the steel from other fronts, delaying tempo strike as three big independent steel rarily the drive on Santander, next corporations—Republic, Bethlehem rebel objective on the Biscayan and Youngstown Sheet & Tube— coast. The loyalists were reported reported more than two-thirds of to have recaptured 100 square miles their idle mill hands had returned of territory about Madrid, to work. This covered plants in Ohio Meanwhile, the fall of Bilbao was and Pennsylvania. Inland, the fourth expected to add 150,000 refugees to of the steel independents, announced the constant stream pouring into that it was operating with its nor loyalist Valencia. Although some of mal force of 13,000 in Indiana since the refugees remained in France, it and the Steel Workers’ Organiz where they were first taken, the vast ing Committee signed a compact majority preferred to go to Catalo with the state labor commission. nia, where the government takes Steel production in the Youngstown, care of them at its own expense. Ohio, area, one of the principal Nearly 1,500,000 have arrived in Va scenes of strike violence, climbed lencia since the start of the war and to 76 per cent of capacity, 3 per 300,000 have remained there. centage points above the operating figure before the start of the strike. Triple Split for Palestine The Youngstown Sheet and Tube ALESTINE would be split into plant in East Chicago, Ind., an three parts and British man nounced that it would open to 7,000 date over the whole country ended, employees without benefit of written according to suggestions made by agreement with the C. I. O. A the royal commission on Palestine Youngstown vice president force and delivered to the British govern fully denied that the company had ment. The commission was formed made any agreement with the steel a year ago to find some way of put affiliate of John L. Lewis’ organiza ting an end to Arab-Jewish riots. tion, as Gov. Clifford M. Townsend Under the new plan, about two- had publicly announced. thirds of Palestine would be con were injured at an aluminum plant in Alcoa, Tenn., when rioting broke out as 3,000 strikers started a back- to-work movement. The plant, be longing to the Aluminum Company of America, had been closed since — May 18, when the strike was called by the Aluminum Workers of Amer Struggle in the Senate WELVE Democratic senators ica, an affiliate of the American Fed and one Farmer-Laborite were eration of Labor. Difference in believed to hold the fate of the wages paid at Alcoa and at the com administration’ s substitute for the pany’ s plant in New Kensington, original bill which would increase Pa., was the issue in the strike. the number of Supreme court State troops were on hand, b u t justices to 15. The administration Adjt.-Gen. R. O. Smith, in charge, was certain that the bill would re said that they were there merely ceive at least 39 votes, with 49 to protect rights, and no martial necessary to a majority. Forty- law had been declared. Violence continued in the friction three senators were definitely com mitted against it. Thirteen were between steel and labor as one ■till uncommitted os the battle unidentified man was killed and six «aged on the senate floor and in the injured when striking workers of the Republic plant at Massilon, cloakrooms. The twelve uncommitted Demo Ohio, brushed with city police near crat* were: Andrews (Fla.), Bone a union hall. T FRIDAY, JULY 523, 1937 THE B O N N E V I L L E DAM C H R O N IC L E TWO verted into an Arab state and about one-third into a Jewish state. A small territory, including the holy cities of Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth, and a corridor to the sea, would be given to Great Brit tain as a permanent mandate. It is claimed that the plan would re move the Arabs from Jewish dom ination, give the Jews a home and protect Christian shrines. Bingham's 4th of July w orth b in g h a m , States ambassador to London, became the third promi nent American to bring down the fury of Nazi Germany’ s officialdom and press when, in an Independence day speech before the American society in that city, he declared Un cle Sam had been forced by the dic tator countries to join Britain in an armament race. Mayor LaGuardia of New York and Cardinal Munde lein of Chicago had been other re cent Nazi targets. The ambassador was quoted as saying: “ There must be some (of the dictatorhips) who realize that obert R United J N Use of Figures 1 to 24 on Clock Started in United States in 1884 The system of numbering the hours of the day from one to twenty- four, generally regarded as “ for eign,” is of American origin, early records of the American Society of Civil Engineers disclose. The so ciety itself and one or two other scientific organizations used it for some time and meetings were an nounced “ at 20 o’ clock.” Prior to 1883 American railroads operated on “ local” time, based on local meridians, and clocks in cities no farther apart than Chicago, St. Paul and St. Louis differed so much as to make it difficult to follow time tables. By 1881 the confusion be came so great all over the country that the American Society of Civil Engineers appointed a committee on uniform standard time. This committee set up a tentative system of hour meridians and circulated a questionnaire among railroad offi cials of the United States and Can ada to determine their reaction. Largely as a result of that work, the railroads reached an agreement on hour meridians in October, 1883, and put it into effect the following month. The numbering of hours from one to twenty-four was sug gested at the same time. The society’ s committee next sought to establish an international standard or base meridian, from which time could be figured by hour ly intervals throughout the world. Together with other interested groups the committee brought the attention of congress to the need for such an arrangement As a result President Arthur was authorized in 1884 to call an international confer ence to discuss the subject. Twenty-six nations were repre sented at the conference and it was then that the Greenwich meridian was selected as the base. The “ one to twenty-four” system was also ap proved and was adopted in England the following year. The United States, however, never followed suit, despite the fact- that a great number of railroad managers ap proved the plan. The American So ciety of Civil Engineers soon ceased to “ meet at 20 o’ clock,” and now the “ American system” is far bet ter known abroad than at home. Three Scottish Canals Being mountainous, Scotland has not many canals. There are, in fact, only three. The Crinan canal, but 9 miles long, goes from Loch Gilp, in the Firth of Clyde, to Loch Crinan, on the Atlantic coast of Argyll, saving a journey of 70 miles around the stormy Mull of Kintyre. The Caledonian canal is perhaps the most picturesque waterway in Europe. Although 60 miles in total length, only 25 miles are man-made, the rest being through Loch Ness, Loch Oich and Loch Lochy—fresh water lakes flanked by the moun tainous sides of the Great Glen. This unusual type of canal stretches between Inverness, on the North Sea, to Fort William, at the head of Loch Linnhe, leading to the Atlantic ocean.
