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About The Bonneville Dam chronicle. (Bonneville, Or.) 1934-1939 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 20, 1936)
T II K I» O \ V K \ l I I i: I» ' '« »’ 11 II ° v 1 ‘ 1 K TEN ***i ■ A« $*■* ■ - ^ . i - *rr 4 l**k*r» _ * BEL' ^ — *v r^i>' &&>: ínt^A' View of Village in Eritrea. white man stand the climate and forget the heat. No id!<- man could EW spots on earth are so bar endure it here. Except for a few ren. so inhospitable, as Assab. nurses in the hospital, no white in Eritrea, on the west coast women live in Massaua in summer. of the Red sea. % ith only a Then, the families of white employ few palm trees, some low houses ees go to the high plain of Hama- and a well set between the glaring sien. the real center of Eritrea. Red sea and a waterless waste be The harbor of Massaua is the only yond. it seems a hopeless place for place in Eritrea where large ships white men to choose as home. Yet here the Italian colony of can tie up at docks to discharge Eritrea began its blistering ex their passengers and cargo. For istence. Neither treasures nor sheer this reason it was here that the adventure, however, had anything landing of Italian troops and Aar to do with its beginning. What is materials took place. Population Is Much Mixed. now Eritrea began in 1870. when the Italian Rubattino Steamship The native population is a color company needed a coaling station ful mixture. Here you see some in the Red sea and bought the Bay pure Ethiopian liamites; also, al of Assab and its miserable oasis ways near the coast, many Semitic from a petty local ruler, the sultan Arabs who invaded the land partly of Raheita. as conquerors, partly as traders, or Until then Assab was only a small as members of that uncertain class harbor for the sambuks. or Arab between the two. Where there are sailing craft, trading on the Red Arabs in the East there is usually sea. Even today it is little more. the negro, too—from many parts of Assab proved itself of slight use Africa Arabs have been slave trad as a coaling depot; yet by its pur ers for centuries, especially along chase the Rubattino company was these coasts. In this district the launched into the business of buying Sea route seems to have been the land. By 1879 a small Italian mili simplest; one finds here more So tary force had landed in Assab and mali negroes than Sudanese. hoisted the Italian flag in this cor Recently a new element has come ner of the world. Today, that red. —the Indian traders, common now white and green banner flies over a in nearly all places on the east strip of Red sea coast which is 670 coast of Africa. It Is they who, in miles long. Inland from Assab the main, bring cheap Japanese across the desert rise the cool high wares into the retail trade of the lands of Ethiopia (Abyssinia). country. Torrid, barren and fever-stricken Arabs, on the other hand, carry is the coast that stretches north most of the Red sea local traffic in west from Assab, but as you ap their sambuks, or baby clippers, proach the port of Massaua the to whose form has changed but little pography begins to change. Behind with passing centuries. Massaua the green highlands rise The Dahalach islands, facing Mas in steep embankments, forming a saua, are the center of Arab pearl sort of gateway to the interior of fisheries and mother-of-pearl deal Africa. ers. It was when Italy occupied Mas Behind the smooth surface of Mas saua in 1885 that Eritrea took defi nite shape; now the area in Eritrea saua s harbor entrance stretches a ruled by Italy stretches inland in broad lagoon, from which glaring some places 220 miles or more to sun draws a trembling vapor. Hack the frontiers of Ethiopia and the An- of the lagoon rise the jagged out lines of what one at first takes to glo-Egyptian Sudan. In brief, within 20 years after the be white sand dunes, quivering in Rubattino company bought Assab the heat like a mirage, ghostly in as a coaling station which was nev their detached existence. Every er developed, her colony here had where the heat rests like a curse come to cover nearly 46,000 square on all living creatures. miles of Africa. On January 1, 1890. Yet, since man cannot escape this this new colony was christened Eri heat, he has put it to work. Here trea by the Italian government, in is one of the largest salt works on remembrance of the “Mare Ery- the Red sea coast. What one thinks thraeum,” as the old Romans called are white sand dunes are really the waters of this part of the world. huge piles of white salt! Massaua a Hot Place to Work. Salt Industry Flourishes. Massaua, one of the hottest cities In wide, flat basins connected by in the world, with its environs, is canals with the Red sea, salt water the home of 15,000 natives and a evaporates perhaps more quickly few hundred Europeans. The white than anywhere else in the world. In men, mostly Italians, work during the salt pans of Massaua, the Afri the day in their offices under big can sun evaporates in a single day fans, with glasses of cool water on almost 2.000,000 gallons of water. their desks. In a damp and steamy To this terrific heat Massaua owes air they toil with a mean tempera an important part of its income— ture for July of 94 degrees Fahren from the export of salt. heit, 20 degrees hotter than the From the evaporating pans na average for the hottest month in tive workers scrape the salt into New York. cone-shaped piles. Thereby the last Service in the government and ad vestige of moisture is drained and ministration; routine work for ship the space is made immediately ping companies and banks; trade ready for the next water supply. The in products of the land; the im sun is an investment here and must portation of goods—all these go not be allowed to shine unused. their routine way. uninterrupted by With pails and shovels, a troupe of the murderous climate. half-naked natives throw themselves Only by constant work can the into the work. In an endless chain. P re p a r e « ! hv N a t ! m i l CP .urn. ' r S olaty . W a n h i n a t o n . I> C . - W M St-rvlc«- F like the buckets on ■ big dredge, they go. one carrier behind another You see the piles of salt gn>w higher minute by minute, quickly becoming a pyramid ub«>ut 15 feet high a new addition in the row <>f many hundred similar »alt pvra mids. Here they stand, the pro|*-r- ty and investment of the Italian Socielu per le Saline Kritrie.'* and aw.ut the buyer, lie comes, uncx pectedly enough, from Japan! Much of Japan's raw salt needs are met by Eritrea To get tins African salt. Japan sends specially- built freight steamers to the Red sea. The Climb to Asmara. In summer. Massaua Italians < 1 cak of Asmara, the colony's cap Ital city, us paradise. The air route from Massaua to Amuru is barely 40 miles. The railroad and the highway are al most twice as lung, they wind up to where Asmara stands nearly 8.<y» feet higher than Massaua. One climbs into the four coach train which makes the one and only daily run to Asmara. At first the read lies over fjirly even country, dotted with a few palins and low- sycamores. Panic-stricken by the noise of the locomotive, a lonely, long-legged ostrich flees across the fields. Slowly now the track begins to climb; and the temperature sinks. Mountain sloj»es become greener, and one can see fruit bearing cac tus. and a little later also the first euphorbia, typical plant of the Ethi opian highland. Over this easy route men now travel at high speed Four hundred years ago. a certain group movrd over it slowly, painfully, in one of the strangest undertakings In the history of colonization Here in the summer of 1541 Dom Christovao da Gama, "a strong hero, whose heart seemed to be made of iron and steel,” together with 400 of his Por tuguese warriors, marched under incredible hardships from Massaua to the high plateau. Neither ad venture nor chance to loot drew them; their urge was to save Chris tianity in the world's oldest Chris tian kingdom. At that time a powerful Moslem general, Mohammed Gran, 'th e left-handed.” had decided to make Abyssinia a Moslem land. He had wiped out the Christian Ethiopian emperor's army, slaughtered the Christian population, and burned the churches. It was to check Moham med Gran and to aid the Christian emperor that young Christovao da Gama, the fourth son of Vasco da Gama and brother of the governor of India at that time, came to As mara. Though da Gama was cap tured and put to death and most of his faithful followers fell in battle, through their sacrifice a rare old culture was saved to the world ...... m m ....... ...................................... .... Through iiim iiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii„i,IIIIIIIMI||||||j^ ON W H A T P \ K I N T S DO AND III I O K I I I I I IIC < t i l l D i l i N WISH p irents who have been “I disappointed in marrtagr w old In The General Descriptions of All Trades,” published 1747 in Lon don by T. Waller, the Cordwainers company is listed as the twenty- seventh of the city companies. Here it is stated that ‘ the business of shoe mending though too often rid iculed by the vulgar is very profit able and employs a great many hands and some do their work so cleverly as hardly to be discovered from new.” r rnrurkp, : a not make their children cynical ’ That is the remark of a student at the New Jersey College for W<>men, where questionnaires were distribut ed to learn the attitude of the rtv I ern college g.rl toward marital prob lerns " If we could only see ourselves as others sec us.” said the p«*-t And if parents could only lor a moment see themselves as their children see them how- valuable it would be* That service is performed in some measure for all the parents who read this by the revelation of one daugh ter's viewpoint ih answering her questionnaire '1 wish parents who have been disappo.nted in marriage would not m a k e their children cynical!” How little most parents realize in their daily attitude towards each ! "««• m ger^r4l^ upon ,r children And] a gr« 1 " " » * t s y * j less): >' d-» their rhildnt pallu 1 ü < 0 realize that fe Si eff * and »scribe» ^ ^ i u n . ’» tu bring yp ^ Wit: Hie r»glit attitude to •t that is the altitud* that ‘ 'hducive to brmt.nf that all this tfiat X .hated in a moment J talk. necessary J« M ] U awh»!fUf e of their ctiJdm •e Children. ’Tag . , ^ if V r V J l M Thornton W Burgess ______ JL ’! ¡21 ___ TIIE K IT * PI \N TO K il l, lili I V »h-.uld become neenur?! i g tnt for food other ®£ .MINK i •■ • - c r i .Jrti A- as' I T HAVING b«-«-n agreed by all scattered to their sen«, lived under the barn. k M{ ■ would stand by one another, and ■ n ti ■■ n un floor of ths I the next time Hilly Mink appeared some lit < J Ji the hay wA 1 it. 11 womsA I would all attack him at once, they y r ¡.< -» »ere f.lledsA immediately began to feel better Only the oldest ones sho<k their ..ut i x trrr.ent They rise heads doubtfully and continued to U. d 11 .V M.rJt » .A t«J»C -ited to show k* look worried. The younger o n e s Tli* > boasted Had they not driven away tt • . c .1 be Not > to®, • 1 of r«* <f I the cat which the farmer had p it . - end j « the» inf, in the barn to catch them’ And Meanwhile Hilly M#* was not the cat very much bigger than this new enemy’ They began fortabl> dreaming to theS^i to talk umong themselves of the ber h<- had ch'isen undsf le between the big f the herd use. Billy • toes®, pie i int dreams. Thattt.- 1 • t dreams for dr« - • 1 h<- was hustiaf the . were very pleasant. Billy Hut had any d i» the big barn had thosei w i uld have been anything^! ant It is funny how in thr (!.• •'. • which are very|*L f ,r .lie are very unpksssst other w i .-«■ ____. j T a ille ss Manx Csti Art M a k e r s of S h o e s Frequently referred to by drama tists and pamphleteers as ' The Gentle Craft,” the official designa tion of those who followed the trade of making and repairing shoes un der the old guild organization, was that of cordwainers. Tins did not mean they worked with rope or cordage, says the American Col lector, but with Crodovan leather, a distinct variety originally made at Cordova. Spain, tanned to softness like cloth and dyed in many colors. I iie raw material was goat hide. By the middle of the Fourteenth cen tury when making shoes had risen to the standing of guild brotherhood in England with a coat of arms duly recorded by the College of Heraldry, the goat, source of Cordovan loath’ er. played an important part in the insignia. In the crest and on the shield, a goat's head was the chief motif. JEAN' NtXTTOK A WOMAN’S EYlj C o r d w a i n e r s H e ld R a n k Among •mini: F.ngima of Cat K “ I'm Not Afraid." Said One. I fun they would have when B i l l y Mink should next appear. ' I'm not afraid.” said one "Nor I ," cried another. And all the rest of the young rats boasted in the same way. But the gray, old leader still shook his head and looked worried. "It is all very well for you to brag of what you will do,” said he, "but bragging never yet won a battle, if we would keep our homes here in this big barn where many of you have spent your lives, we must make our plans to kill this terrible enemy. It will not do to simply drive him away, for he might re turn when least expected. Always there must be two or three on watch. The instant that mink ap pears warning must be given, and then all of us fall on him at once. "As I told you before, the best fighter among us would be helpless if he had to face that fellow alone, but If we all attack him together there will be nothing to fear.” So certain of the sharpest-eyed rats were appointed to watch ail the holes through which Billy Mink might enter the big barn. When it Tt»- enigma of the cst is the Manx. Tailless » J. (h • iti n distinctly »“ ■'| • <• a ted Tabtiy' - v,e ... 1 With curiosity, co writer in the Los The pure Manx doe*J® < ' rt,ihet ■ml th" ! ' '''V T s / W a f t : ,hlt ^ ^ lfl ha« m. N.,t .re Win1» 1 | u,, f, : the lack of t" T ' ,hf P IW 1^ » j» to 1 V, n S o u . , . the etiect of bci«< t J ' ■, 1S n.d true f°r ‘ a 1 . r tof. they have a I ecu •• ^ >jl(lf 1 sr.oi', ■ ■ ■ ■ r‘ r not*f thicker and longer iW h red v •i... 11.- native h rnc 1111 rccerv.d their breed of c. c,ven** _ S«* itcrl ii