"Mis r. ... I I , ,, , , z . - ; ; "IT'S A COLD DAY WHEN WB PET LEFT." vol. xiii. ; ".'.' hood eiveh, oregok, feiday, December 6, 1901. no. 29. HOOD RIVER GLACIER Published Kvery Friday by 8. F. BLITHE. Terms of subscription -11.50 year when paid In advance. TUB MAII.H. The mall arrives from Mt. Hood at 10 o'clock a. in. Wednesdays and Saturdays; depart the tame day. at noon. for Chenoweth, leaves at I a. m. Tuesdays, Tliursdaya and Saturdays; arrives at 6 p. in. for White Salmon (Wash.) leaves dally alt :4S ft. m.; arrives at 7 'Ah p. m. From White Salmon leaves (or Fnlda, Gilmer, Tiout 1ke and (ilenwood daily at 0 A. M. - KorBin.eo (W ash.) leaves at ft: p. in. ; ar. rives at 2 p. m. it lKTIKt. IAUREI, REBEKAH DKtiREK LODGE, No I i7, 1. O. U. F.MeeUtlrstaud third Mon days lu each month. Miss Kati Davenport, N. 0. H. 1. Hibbard, Secretary. CANBY POST, No. 16, O. A. R.-MeetsatA. O. U. W. Hall second and fourth Haturiavs of each month at 2 o'clock p. m. All U. A. k. members Invited to meet with us. T. 1. cunning, Commandor. J. W. Right, Adjutant. CANBV W. R. C. No. 16-MeeU first Satur day of each month In A. O. U. W. hall at i p. m. Mrs. B. K. shokmskkb, President. Mrs. Ursula lakni. Secretary. . HOOD RIVER LODGE, No. 105, A. P. and A. M. Meets Saturday evening on or before e-ch full moon. A N. Kahm, W. M. A. P. Uatkuah, Secretary. HOOD RIVER CHAPTER, No. 27, R. A. M. MeeU third Friday nlglit of each month. F. 0. Baosms, H. P. H. P. Davidson, Secretary. HOOD RIVER CHAPTER, No. 25, O. K. 8. Meets secoud and fourth Tuesday e veil ings of each month. Visitors coidially wol ci.iiK'jil. Mrs. Kva B. Haynbh, W. M, H. r. Davidson, becretary. OLETA ABSF.MBt.Y, No. 103, United Artisans. Meets second Tuesday of each month at paternal hail. F. C. Baosina, M. A. D. McDonald, Secretary,' WAUCOMA I.ODOE, No. SO, K. of P.-Meets iu A. O. U. W. hall every Tuesday night. John Buck, C. O. J. Liund Henderson, K. of tt. & S. KIVER8IDE LODGE, No. 68, A. O. U. W. Meets first and third Saturdays of each month. N. C. Evan. M. W. J. F. Watt, Financier. . H. L, Howk, Recorder. IDLEW'ILDE LODGE, No. 107, I. O t. F. Meets lu Fraternal hall every Thursday Light. A. U. UBTCHEL, N.U. J. E. Hanna, Secretary. HOOD RIVER TENT, No. 19, K. O. T. M., meets at A. O. U, W. hall on the first and third Fridays of each month. J. E. Rand, Commander. RIVERSIDE LODGE NO. 40, DEGREE OF It HONOR, A. (. U. W. Meets first and third Saturdays at 8 P. M. M as. Georoia Rand, C. of H. Mm. Cms Clabki, Recorder. SUNSHINE 80CIETY Meets second and fourth Saturdays of each month at i o'clock. Mihs Lrna Snkll, President. M lbs Carrie Butler, Secretary , HOOD RIVER CAMP, No. 7,702, M. W, A., meets In Odd Fellows' Hall the first and third Wednesdays of each month. F. L. Davidson, V. C. E. R. Bradley, Clerk. Q H. JENKINS. D. M. D. DENTIST. ALL WORK GUARANTEED. Ofllce in John Lelnnd Henderson's residence. Hood River, Oregon. ' JR. K. T. CARNS, Dentist, Gold crowns and bridge work and all kinds of Up-to-Dati Dmtlstrr. HOOD RIVER OREGON L.DUMBLE, PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Successor to Dr. M. F. Shaw. Calls promptly answered In town or cosntty, Dav or Nitrht. Telephones: Residence, 81 ; Office, 83. , Office over Everhart's Grocery. JOHN LELAND HENDERSON ATTORNEY-AR-LAW, ABSTRACTOR, NO TARY PUBLIC and REAL ESTA'IK AUENT. For 23 years a resident of Oregon and Wash ington. 'Has had many years experience in Heal Estate Burners, as abstractor, searcher of titles and agent, satisfaction guaranteed or Do charge. J F. WATT, M. D. 8urgeon for O. R. A N. Co. Is especially equipped to treat catarrh of nose ana throat and diseases of women. Special terms lor othce treatment of ahronlo cases. Telephone, office, 12. residence, pREDERICK & ARNOLD CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. . Estimates' furnished for all kinds of work. Kepairirig a specialty. All kinds of shop work. Shop.ou State Street, between First and Second. THE KLONDIKE CONFECTIONERY Is tlit place to rot the latent and beat in 4 onft-ctioneries, Canities, Nate, tobacco, Citiart, etc. ....ICE CREAM PARJ-ORS.... COLE & GRAHAM, Props. p C. BROSiUS, M. D. " rilYSICIAN AND SURGEON. 'Phone Central, or 121. t Office Honrs: 10 to 11 A. M.; t to S and 6 to 7 P. M. Q H. TEMPLE. Practical Iitchmiier I Jeweler. My long experience enables me to do tliebest possible work, which I fully guarantee, and at low price. JJUTLKR A CO., BANKERS. Do a general banking business. HOOD RIVER, OREGON. Q J. HAYES, J. P. Office with Bone Brothers. Fruitless will be attended to at anv time. Collections .(. Vt ill locate on (food govern me at lands, either timber or fanning FE03I PEESIDENT TO THE NATION Roosevelt's First Message For Congressional Attention" Publicity Is Best Remedy For Unsafe Com binesExclude Chinese and Guard All Immigration Develop Our Islands and Let Cuba Come to Stand Alone Increase the Navy, Improve the Army and Remain the World's Leading Nation WASHINGTON, Dec. I. President Roosevelt's message to Congress followi.: To the Senate and House of Represents, tivea: The Congress assembles this year under the shadow of a great calamity. On the (ith of September Presldent'McKln'.ey was shot by an anarchist, while, attending, the Pan-American Exposition, at Buffalo?-and died In that city on the 14ih of that month. . Grief of the People. The .smock, the grief of the country are bitter in the minds of all who saw the dark days while the President yet hov ered between life and death When we turn from the man to the Na tion, the harm done is so great aa to ex cite our gravest aiprehenslona and to de mand our wisest and most resolute action. This criminal was a professed anarchist, inflamed by the teachings of professed anarchists, and probably also by the reck less utterances of those who, on the stump and In the pub ic press, appeal to the dark and evil spirits of malice and greed, envy and sullen hatred The Anarchist la a Malefactor. The Federal Courts should be given Jurisdiction over any man who kills or at tempts to kill the President or any man who, by the Constitution or by law, la In line of succession for the Presidency, while the punishment for an -unsuccessful attempt should be proportioned to the enormity of the offense against our lnstl tutions. Anarchy Is a crime against the whole human race; s,nd all mankln I should band against the anarchist. His crime should be made an offense against the law of nations, like piracy and that form of man-stealing known as tha slave trade i for it la of fir blacker Infamy than either. .It should be so declared by treaties among all civilised powers. Such treaties would give to the Federal Gov ernment the power of dealing with the crime. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS. Restoration of Confidence and Re torn of Prosperity. During the last five years business con fidence has been restored, and the Na tion is to be congratulated because of its present abounding prosperity. Such pros perity can never be created by law alone, although It is easy enough to destroy it by mischievous laws. Fundamentally, the welfare of each citizen, and, therefore. the welfare of the aggregate of citlaens which makes the Nation, must rest upon Individual thrift and energy, resolution and intelligence. Nothing can take the place of this Individual capacity; but wise legislation and honest and intelligent ad ministration can give it the fullest scope, the largest opportunity to work to good effect. . . , Caution In Dealing; With Trusts. An additional reason for caution In dealing with corporations Is to be found In the International commercial conditions of today. The same business conditions which have produced the great aggrega tions of corporate and individual wealth have made them very potent factors In International commercial competition. Business concerns which have the largest means at their disposal and are managed by the ablest men are naturally those which take the lead in . the strife for commercial supremacy among the na tions of the world. America has only Just begun to assume that coiflmanding position in the International business world which we believe will more and more be hers. It Is of the utmost Impor tance that this position be not jeopar dized especially at a time when the over, flowing abundance of our own natural re sources and the skill, business energy and mechanical aptitude of our people make foreign markets essential. Under such conditions It would be most unwise to cramp or to fetter the youthful strength of our nation. Mischievous Leclalatlou. In dealing with business Interests. for the Oovernment to undertake, by crude and ill-consl-lered legislation, to do hat may turn out to be bad, would be to incur the risk of such far-reacblng national disaster that It would be pref erable to undertake nothing at all. The men .who demand the Impossible or thi undesirable serve as the allies of thi forces with which they are nominally al war, for they hamper those who would endeavor to And out in rational fashion what the wrongs really are and to what extent and In what manner It is practi cable to supply remedies. All this true; and yet It Is also tru that there are real and grave evils, on of tbe thief being over-capitalization be cause of its many baleful consequences and a resolute and practical effort mut be made to correct these evils. Reanlatton of Corporations. There is s widespread conviction In thi, Minds of the American people that thi great 'corporations known as trusts art in certain of their features and tauten ciea hurtful to the general welfare. Thh springs from no spirit of envy or un charitablenens, nor lack of, pride In thi great Industrial achievements that havi placed this country at the bead of thi nations struggling for commercial su premacy. It Is based upon sincere conviction that combination and concen tration should be, not prohibited, but su pervised, and, within reasonable limits controlled; and In my judgment this con vlctloa Is right. - ' Great corporations exist only be cause they are created and safeguarded by our Institutions, and It Is, therefore our right and our duty to see that the work in harmony with these Institutions, necessity sf Pnbllelty. The first easential In determining how tc deal with the great Industrial combina tions la knowledge of facta publicity. Artificial bodies, sucn as corporation.' and Joint stock or other associations, de pending upon any statutory law for their existence or privileges, should be subjec: to proper governmental supervision, ant full and accurate information aa to theli operations should be made public regular ly at reasonable Intervals. The large corporations, commonly called trusts, though organised In one state, al ways do buolness In many statea. oftrr doing very little business in the Stan where they are Incorporated, There If utter lark of uniformity in the atate laws about them; and aa no state baa any ex clusive Interest In or power over their acts. It has In practice proved Impossible to get adequate regulation through state action. Therefore, in the interest of the whole people, the Nation should, without interfering with the power of the states In the matter itseif. also assume power of supervision and regulation over al corpo rations doing an Interstate business. Department nf Casaaaeree- anal Indus tries. There should be created a Cabinet of ficer, to be known as Secretary of Com merce and Industries, aa provided In the bill Introduced at tbe last session of the Congress. It should be .his province to dSal with commerce In its broadest sense Including among many other things what ever concerns labor and all matters affect lng the great business corporations and our merchant marine. With the sole exception of the farming Interest no one matter is of such vital moment to our whole people as the wei fare of the wage-worker. If the farmer and the wage-worker are well off, it is absolutely certain that all others will be well off too. It is. therefore, a matter for hearty congratulation that on the whole, wages are higher today in the United States than ever before In our history and far higher than in any other country. The standard of living Is also higher than ever before. Every effort of legislator and administrator should be ben' to secure the permanency of this condition of things and its improvement wherever possible. Chinese Exclusion. Not only must our labor be protected by the tariff, but It should also be pro. tected, so far as it Is possible, from the presence In this country of any laborers brought over by contract, or of those who. coming freely, yet represent a standard of living so depressed that they can un. dersell our men in the labor market and drag thin to a lower level. I regard It as necessary, with this end In view, to re- enact Immediately the law excluding Chi nese laborers, and to strengthen It wher ever necessary in order to make its en forcement entirely effective. Trades Unions. The most vital problem with which this country, and for that matter the whole civilized world, has to deal. Is the prob lem which has for one aide the better ment of social conditions, moral and phy sical, in large cities, and for another side the effort to deal with that tangle of far reaching question which we group togeth er when we speak of "labor." The chief factor in the success of each man wage worker, farmer and capitalist alike must ever be the sum total of h!a own In dividual qualities and abilities. Second oniy to this comis the power of act ing in combination or association with others. Very great good has been and will be accomplished by associations or unions of wage-workers, when managed with forethought and, when they com bine Insistence upon their own rights with law-abiding respect for the rights of oth ers. Better Immiarratlon Laws Needed, Our present Immigration laws are un satisfactory. We need every honest ana ellicient Immigrant titled to become an American citizen, every Immigrant who cornea here to stay, who brings here a strong body, a stout heart, a goqd head, and a resolute purpose to do bis duty well In every way, and to bring up his chil dren as law-abiding and God-fear.ng nivinbeis of the community. But there should be a comprehensive law enacted with the object of working a three-told improvements over our present system. First, we should aim to exclude absnlute y not only all persons who are known to be believers In anarchistic principles or members of anarchistic societies, but also all persons who are of a low moral ten dency or of unsavory reputation.. '..This means that we should require a more thor ough system of inspection abroad and a more rigid system of examination at our Immigration ports, the former being es pecially necessary. The second object of a proper Immigra tion law ought to be to secure, by a care ful and not merely perfunctory educa tlonal test, some intelligent capacity to appreciate American Institutions aud act sanely as American citizens. This would not keep out all anarchists, for many ni them belong to the intelligent criminal class, tlut It would do what Is also in point, that Is, tend to decrease the sum of Ignorance, so potent In producing the envy, suspicion, malignant passion anu hatred of order, out of which anarchistic sentiment Inevitably springs. Finally, all persons should be excluded who are below i certain standard of economic fitness to enter our industrial field as competitors with American labor Both the educational and economic tests In a wise Immigration law should be de signed to protect and elevate the general body, polltlo and social. A very close su pervision should be exercised over the steamanip companies, wnicn malnlx bring over the Immigrants, and they should be held to a strict accountability for any Infraction of the law. Tariff Revision Hnrtful. There Is general acquiescence In our presnt tann system as a national policy. The first requisite to our prosperity Is the continuity and stability of this economic policy. Nothing could be more unwise than td disturb the business Interests of the country by any general tariff change at this time Reciprocity must be treated as the hand maiden of protection. Our first duty Is to see that the protection granted by the tariff In every case where It Is needed is maintained, and that reciprocity be sought for so far as It can safely be done with out Injury -to our home Industries. I ask the attention of the Senate to the reciprocity treatlca laid before It by ny predecessor. Condition of the Merchant Marin. The condition of the American mer chant marine is such as to call for Imme diate remedial action by the Congress. It Is discreditable to us as a Nation that iur "merchant marine should be utterly nslgniflcant In comparison to that of other nations which we overtop in other forms of business. We should not longer iuhmlt to conditions under which only s trlflinsr portion of our areat commerce Is carried In our own ships. ' Financial Matter. . ' Th act of March 14, 1900,' Intended un equivocally to establish gold as the stand ird money and to maintain at a parity therewith all form of the money medium in use with us, has been shown to be .Imely and Judicious. The price of our Sovernment bonds in the world's msr- tet, when compared wl:h the rjrlce of ilmllar obligations -Issued by other na tions, la a flattering tribute to our public credit. This condition it la evidently de- iirable to maintain. In many respects tha National banking law furnishes sufficient liberty for the iroper exercise of the banking function; but there seems to be need of- better safeguards against the deranging Influence it iX.iinurclRl crises and financial panics. Moreover, the currency of the country thould be made responsive to the de nands of our domestic trade and com merce. , , Surplus la th Treasury. Tha collections from duties on Imports md Internal taxes continue to exceed the irdlnary expenditures of the Government, ;hanks mainly to the reduced Army ex wndttures. Th utmost cars should be .aken not to reduce the revenues so that there will be any poasfttllty of a deficit; but. after providing against any such con- .Ingency, means should be adopted which will bring the revenues more nearly with in the limit of our actual needs. In his .Tport to the Congress the Secretary of the treasury considers all theae questions at length, and I ask your attention to the report and recommendations. I call especial attention to the need of strict economy in expenditures. The fact that our National needs forbid us to be niggardly In providing whatever la actuat- y necessary to our well-being should make us doubly careful to bus band our National resources as each of ua husbands Ms private resources, by scrupulous avoid ance of anything Hke wasteful or reck- less expenditure. Interstate Com ere Law. In 187 a -measure waa enacted for th regulation of Interstate railways, com monly known as tbe Interstate commerce act. The cardinal provisions of that act were that railway rates should be just and reasonable, and that all ahlppers, local- lues and commodities should be accorded equal treatment. A commission waa cre ated and endowed with what wer sup posed to be tbe necessary pewers to exe cute th provision of this act. Th act ahould be amended. To rail way is public servant. Ita rate should REVIEW OF PSESiCEMT'S KESSASE. Preserve forests. Increase the mvy. Exclude the Chinese Enforce eight hour laws. Build Pacific cable at onccv a cuua tne Nicaragua canal, j Extend and foster reciprocity. fculogy of President McKinley. Keep out uneducated foreigners, Adv see no change in tariff laws. Government irrigation of arid lands. Sweeping condemnation of anarchy. Labor unions are wise and neces- sary. " ' Kemembtr tbe aation s soldiers in all wars. " ', , , J Insist upon merit svstemin civil e service. J Improve, but not greatly enlarge, J J the army. . , Publicity In Sealing with combines X of every form. Develop new islands on traditional American lines. Abandon treating Indians as tribes, X X and deal with them as individuals. Develop merchant marine and carry American goods in American vessels. X be just to and open to all shippers al-.-e. The Government should see to it that within Its jurisdiction this Is so, and should provide a speedy. Inexpensive and effective remedy to that end. Department, of Agrrlcaltar. Th Department ot Agriculture, during the past IS years, has steadily broadened Its work on economlo lines, and has ac complished results of real value In up building domestic aad foreign trade. ( It has gone into new fields until it is now in touch with all sections of our country and with two of the Island groupa that have lately come under our Jurisdiction, whose people must look to agriculture as a live lihood. It is searching the world for grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables spe cially fitted for Introduction into localities of the several states and territories where they may add materially to our resources. Vain of the Forests. Public opinion throughout the United States baa moved steadily toward a just appreciation of the value of forests, whether planted or of natural growth. The great part played by them In the creation and maintenance of the National wealth la now more fully realised than ever before. The practical usefulness of the National forest reserves to the mining, grazing, ir rigation and other Interests of the regions In which the reserves lie has led to a wide spread demand by the people of the West for their protection and extension. The forest reserves will Inevitably be of still greater use In the future thSn in the past. Additions should be made to them when ever practicable, and their usefulness should be Increased by a thoroughly business-like management. - , Protection of Reserves. At present the protection of the forest reserves rests with the General Land Of fice, the mapping and description of their timber with the United Siates Geological Survey, and the preparation of plans for their conservative use with the Bureau of Forestry, which is also charged with the general advancement of practical for estry In the United Statea. These vari ous functions should be united in the Bu reau of Forestry, to which they itropeny belong. The wise administration of the forest reserves will be not less helpful to the Interests which depend on water than to those which depend on wood and grass. The water supply itself depends upon the forest. In the arid region It la w&ter, not land, which measures production. The western half of the United States would sustain a population greater than that of our whole country today If the waters that now run to waste were saved and used for irrigation. The forest and water problems are perhaps the most vital, Inter nal questions of the United States. Certain of the forest reserves should also lie mad preserves for the wild forest creatures. All of the reserves ahould be better protected from fires. , Forests Ar Reservoirs. The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining tha streams In flood and re plenishing them In drought they make possible the use of waters otherwise wast ed. Tiiey prevent the soil from washing, and so protect the storage reservoirs from niung up witn silt, sorest conservation is, therefore, an essential condition of water conservation. The forests alone cannot, however, fully regulate and conserve the waters- of the arid region. Ureat storage works are necessary to equalize the flow of streams and to save the flood waters. Their con- struction has bees .conclusively hown to be an undertaking too vast for private frort. Nor can U be best aeoompusnea by the individual states acting alone. Far reaching Interstate probl.ms are involved; and the resources of single statea would often be inadequate It is properly a Na tional function, at least in some or, us features. The Oovernment should construct and maintain these reservoirs as it does other public works. Where their purpose Is to regulnte the flow of streams, the water should be turned freely into the channels in the dry season, to take the same course under tee same lews it th natural now. Reclaiming Arid Land. The reclamation of the unsettled srld public lands presents a different problem. Here It la not enough to regulate the flow of streams. The object of the Oovernment Is to riis-pose of the land to settlers who will build homes upon tt. To accomplish this abject water must b brought within their reach. The reclamation and settlement of the arid land will enrich every portion of our country, Juat as the.'settlement of the Onlo and Mississippi Valleys brought prosperity to the Atlantic States. The Increased de mand for manufactured articles will stim ulate Industrial production, while wider home markets and the trade of Asia will consume the larger food supplies and ef fectually prevent Western competition with Eaatern agriculture. Indeed, the products of irrigation will be consumed chiefly in upbuilding local centers of min ing and other Inuustries, which would otherwise not come into existence at all. i , n. - - - m-hAl. will n-nA. . efui home-making is but another name for the upbuilding of the Nation. The necessary foundation ha already been laid for the inauguration of the pol icy Just described. . It would be unwise to begin by doing too much, for a great deal will doubtless be lesrned, both as to what can and what cannot be safely at tempted, by the early efforts, which must of necessity be partly experimental in character. At the very beginning tha Gov ernment ahould make dear, beyond shad ow of doubt, iu Intention to pursue this policy on lines of the broadest public In terest. No reservoir or canal should ever he built to satisfy selfish personal or lo cal Interests, but only in accordance wl'b the advice of trained experts, after long Investigation ha shown the locality where alt th conditions combine to rnak the work most needed and fraught with the greatest usefulness to the community as a whole. There should be no extrava gance, and th believers In th need of Irrigation will most benefit their cause by seeing to It that It Is free from the least taint of excessive or reckless expenditure of the public moneys. Extension mt Irrigation. Whatever the Nstton does for th ex tension of Irrigation should harmonise with, and tend to Improve, th condition of those now living on Irrigated land. W ar not at th starting point t thi devel opment. Over &).). MS of private cap ital his already been expended la tha eoa- ' structlon of Irrigation works, and many million acres of arid land reclaimed. A high degree of enterprise and ability has been shown in the work lt.-elf ; but as much cannot be said In reference to the laws relating thereto. The secuilty and value of the homes created depend large ly on the stability of titles to water: but the majority ot these rest on the uncer 4 I tain foundation of court decisions ren- I dered In ordinary suits at law. With a i few creditable exceptions, the arid Ftatcs have failed 0 provide for the certain and Jurt division of streams In times of scarc ity. Lax and uncertain laws have mude It possible to establish rights to water In excess of actual uses or necessities, and many streams have alpeady passed Into private ownership, or a control equivalent to ownership. Nation's Aid Justlflrd. The benefits which have followed the unaided development of the pant Justify the Nation's aid and co-operation In the more difficult and Important work yet to be accomplished INSULAR MATTERS. What Must Be Don to Develop " Hawaii. In Hawaii our aim must be to develop the territory on the traditional Ameri can lines. We do not. wish a region of large estates -tilled by cheap labor: we wish a healthy American community of men who themselves till the farms tiny own. All our legislation for the islands should be shaped with this end In view the well-being of the average home-mak cr must afford the true test of the healthy development of the islands. The land policy should as nearly as possible ue modeicd on our homestead system. Porto Rico. It Is a pleasure to say that It Is hsrdly more necessary to report as to Porto Rico than aa to any state or territory within our continental limits. The 1st and Is thriving as never before, and It Is being administered efficiently and honest ly. Its people are now enjoying liberty and order under the protection of the United States, find upon this fact we con gratulate them and ourselves. Cnba. In Cuba such progress has been made toward putting the Independent govern ment of the island upon a firm footing inai Derore tne present session or tne con gress closes this will be an accomplished fact. Cuba will then start as her own mistress; and to the beautiful Queen of the Antilles, aa she unfolds this new pnge of her destiny, we extend our heartiest greetings and good wishes. Elsewhere I have discussed the question of reciprocity. In the case of Cuba, however, there are weighty reasons of morality and of Na tional interest why the policy should be held to have a peculiar application, and 1 most earnestly ask your attention to the wisdom. Indeed to the vital need, of pro viding for a substantial reduction In the tariff dutlea on Cuban Imports into the United States. - The Philippine. In the Philippines our problem Is larg er. They are very rich tropical Islands, Inhabited by many varying tribes, repre senting widely different stages of pro gress toward civilization. Our earnest effort la to help these people upward along the stony and difficult path that leads to self-government. We hope to make our administration of the islands honorable to our Nation by making It of the highest benefit to the Filipinos them selves: and as an earnest of what we In tend to do. we point, to what we have done.- Already a greater measure of ma terial prosperity and of governmental honesty and efficiency has been attained in the Philippines than ever before In their history. Trouble Still Ahead. There are still troubles ahead in the Islands. Tha Insurrection has become an affair of local banditti and marauders, who deserve no higher regard than the brigands of portions of the Old World. Encouragement, direct or indirect, to these insurrectos stands on thi same footing as encouragement to hostile Indians m the days when we . still had Indian wars. Ex actly as nur aim Is to give to the Indian who remains peaceful tKe fullest and amplest consideration, but to have it un derstood that we show no weakness If be goes on the warpath, so we must make it evident, unless we are false to our own traditions snd to the demands of clvlUsa. tion and humanity, that while we will do everything in our power for the Filipino who is peaceful, we will take the sternest measure wtttt the Filipino who follows the path of the Insurrecto and the ladrone. Additional Legislation Needed. The time has come when there should bo additional legislation for the Philip pines. Nothing better can bs done for the Islands than to introduce Industrial enter prises. Nothing would benefit them so much as throwing them open to Industrial develooment. The connection betweer Idleness and mischief Is proverbial, and the opportunity to do remunerative work is one of the surest preventives of war. ft,, eount no Du9ne man wm g0 Into ths Philippines unless It Is to his Interest to do so; and It la Immensely ta the In terest of the Islands that he ahould go In. It is, therefore, necessary that the Con gress should pass laws by which the re sources of the Islands can be developed; so that franchises (for limited terms of years) can be granted to companies doing business In them, and every encourage ment be given to tha Incoming of business men of every kind. Paeldc Cable. I call your attention most earnestly to the crying need of a cable to Hawaii and the Philippines, to be continued from the Philippines to points In Asia. We should not defer a day longer than necessary the construction of such a cable. It Is de. manded not merely for commercial, but for political and military considerations. Either the Congress should Immediately provide for the censtructlon of a Govern ment cable, or else an arrangement should be made by which like advantages to those accruing from a Government cable may , be secured to the Government by contract with a private cable company. NICARAGUA CANAL. Work of th Greatest Importance to th American People. No single grest material work wbicti remains to be undertaken on this conti nent la of auch consequence to the Amer ican peopl aa the building of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America, Its Importance to tbe Nation Is by no means limited merely to its material effects upon our business prosperity; and vyet with view to these effect alone it would be to th last de gree Important for us Immediately to be gin It. t am glad to be- able to announce t you that our negotiations on this subject with Great Britain, conducted on both sides In a spirit of friendliness and mu tual good will and respect, have resulted In my being able to lay before the Senate a treaty which If ratified will enable us to begin preparations for an Isthmian can al at any time, and which guarantees to this Nstlon every right that It has ever asked In connection with the rsnal. Monro Doe-trine. The Monro Doctrine should be the car dinal feature of the foreign policy ol all the nations of the two Americas. a. tt la of tbe United States. Just 7s years have passed since President Monro In his annual message announced that tn' American continents are henceforth not to b considered as subjects for futurv colonisation by any Eu.upean power." In other worda, the Monroe Doctrine Is s declaration that there must be no terri. tortal aggrandisement by any non-American power at the expense ot aay A men eaa power on A ertcaa soil. It is In n wise intended as hostile to any nation In the Old World. Stlil lens Is it Intended to give cover to any aggression by one New World power st tne ex pense of any other. It is eimply a step, tnd a long step, toward assuring the uni versal peace of the world by securing ths possibility of permanent peace on thH hemisphere. NAVY DEPARTMENT. Work of Upbuilding It Mnst Be Steadily Continued. The work of upbuilding the Navy must be s'.eadily continued. No one point of our po'icy, foreign or domestic. Is more Im portant than this to the honor and ma titlul welfare, and above all to the peace, of our Nation in the future. Whether we diriire it or not, we must hencefortn recognise that we have international du ties no less than international rights. Even if our flag were hauled down in the Phlllpnlnen and. Porto Rico, even if we decided not to build the Isthmian canal, wo niuu.ii neeu a Liiu.Ougn.y iiauieU jvtvy of adequate size, or else be prepared deltn Itely and for all time to abandon the idea that our Nation Is among theise whose son go down to the sea In ships. Unless our commerce is always to be carried In foreign bottoms, we must have war craft to protect it. Should Be No Cessation. There should bo no cessation In the work of completing our Navy. So far ingenuity has been wholly unuble to de vise a substitute for the great war craft whose hammering guns beat out the mastery of the high seas, it is unsafe and unwise not to provide this year for several additional battle-ships and heavy armored cruisers, with auxiliary and I'ghter craft in proportion; for the exact numbers and character I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Navy. But there Is something we need even more than additional ships, and this Is addi tional officers and men. To provide battle-ships and cruisers and then lay them up, with the expectation of leaving them unmanned until they are neede'd in actual war, would be worse than folly; it would be a crime against the Nation. The Naval Mllltla. The naval militia forces are state organ izations, and are trained for coast service, and, In event of war, they will constitute the Inner line of defense. They should re ceive hearty encouragement from the General Government. But In addition we should at once pro vide for a Notional naval reserve organ ized and trained under the direction of the Navy Department, and subject to the call of the Chief Executive whenever war becomes Imminent. It should be a real auxiliary to the naval seagoing peace es tablishment, and offer material to be drawn on at once fpr manning our ships in time of war. It should be composed of graduates of the Naval Academy, grad uates of the naval militia, officers and crews of coast-llne steamers, longshore schooners, fishing vessels and steam yachts, together with the coast population about such centers as life-saving stations and lighthouses. WAR DEPARTMENT. Army la Large Enough at the Pres. cnt Time. It Is not necessary to increase nnr Armv beyond its present size at this tlrfte. But it is necessary to keep it at the highest point of efllclency. The individual units who as officers and enlisted men compose this Army, are, we have good reason to believe, at least aa efflclent as those of any other army in the entire world. It is our duty to see that their training I of a kind to insure the highest possible exiireiuiiun ui power 10 tnese units When acting In combination. The conditions of modern war are such as to make an Infinitely heavier demand than ever before upon the individual rhur. acter and. capacity of the orrlcer-"and the enlisted man, and to make It far more difficult for men to act together with ef fect. At present the fighting must be done In extended order, which means that each man must act for himself and at the same time act in combination with others with whom he is no longer-Jn the old-fashioned elbow-to-elbow touch. Under such con ditions a few men of the highest excel lence are worth more than many men without the special skill which is only found as the result of special training ap plied to men of exceptional physique and morale. But nowadays the most valuable fighting man and the most difficult to per- iee-i u me riuem&n wno is also a skillful and daring rider. The proportion of our cavalry regiments uus wiaeiy ueen increasea. Genernl Stuff. A general staff should be created. As for tne Dresent staff and sunnlv ilpuri. ments, they should be filled by details trom tne line, tne men so detailed return ing after a while to their line- duties. It is very undesirable to have the senior grades of the Army composed of men who have come to fill the positions by the mere raci oi seniority, a system should be adooted by which there shall be an elimination, grade by grade, of those who Hem unut to renaer ine Dest service in the next rrade. Justice to the veterans of the Civil War who are still in the Army would seem to require that In the matter of retirements they be given by law the same privileges accorded to their comrades in the Navy. Field Exerclae. Our Army is so small and so much scat tered that It Is very difficult to give the higher officers (as well as the lower officers and the enlisted men) a chance to practice maneuvers In mass' and on a compara tively large scale. In time of need no amount of Individual excellence would avail against the paralysis which would follow Inability to work as a coherent whole, under skillful and daring leader ship. The Congress should"provide means whereby it will be possible to have Held exercises by at least a division of regu lars, and, if possible, also a division of National Guardsmen once a year. These exercises might take the form of fleid maneuvers; or, If on the Gulf Coast or the Pacific or Atlantic seaboard, or in the region of the Great Lakes, the Army corps when assembled should be marched from some inland point to some point on the water, there embarked, disembarked after a couple of days' Journey at some other point, and again marched Inland. Only by actual handling and providing for men In masses while they are marching, camp ing, embarking and disembarking will It be possible to train the higher officers to perform their duties weil and smoothly. Reorsranlslns; the Army. Much good has already come from the act reorganising the Army, passed early In the present year. The three prime re forms, all of them of literally inestimable value, are. first, the substitution of four year details from the line for permanent appointments in the so-called staff divi sions; second, th establishment of a corps of artillery with a chief at the head; third, tne establishment of a max imum and minimum limit for the Army. It woulu be difficult to overestimate the Improvement in the efficiency of our Army which these three reforms are making, and hav in part already effected. Tolnnteer Foreea. Action should be taken In reference to the militia and to the raising of volunteer forces. Our mllltla law is obsolete and worthless. The organization and arma ment of the National Guard of the several staua. which ar treated as mllltla in the appropriations by the Congress, should be made Identical with thoee , provided for tne regular fences. The obligations ana duties of th guard In time of war should he carefully defined, and a system estab lished by law under which the method of procedure of raising volunteer forces nouid be prescribed In advance. It la ut terly Impossible In the excitement and nasie of Impending war to do this sat 'afactorlly it the arrangements have sot Deen made long beforehand. Provision should be made for utilising In th first volunteer organisations called out tne training of those citizen who hav al ready had experience under arms, and especially for th selection In advance of the officers of any force which may be raised for careful selection of the kind .lrCFssary is unpossibM after th outbreak of war. , Debt Doc to the Veterana Who Savd the Union. No other citizens deserve so well ot the Republic as the veterana, the sur vivors of those who saved the Union. They diu tne one deed which, if left undone, would have meant that all else In our history went for nothing. But for their steadfast prowess In the greatest crisis ot our history, all our annals would be mean ingless, and our great experiment In pop ular freedom and self-government a, gioomy failure. Civil Service, I recommend the passage of a law which will extend the classified service to the District of Columbia, or will at least enable the President thus to extend It. In my judgment all laws providing for the temporary employment of clerks should hereafter contain provision that they be selected under the civil servlca law. It Is Important to have this system obtain at home, but it is even more im portant to have It applied rigidly In our Insular possessions. Not an office should be filled in the Philippines or Porto Rico with any regard to the man's partisan affiliations or services, with any regard to the political, social or personal Influence which he may have at his command; In short, heed should be paid to absolutely nothing save the rnan's own character and capacity and the needs of the serv ice. The. merit system Is simply one method of securing honest and efficient adminis tration of the Government; and In th long run the sole justification of any type of government lies In Ita proving Itself both honest and efficient. Consular Service. The consular service Is now organized under the provisions of a law passed In 18&6, which is entirely Inadequate to ex isting conditions. The Interest shown by so many commercial bodies throughout the country in the reorganization of th service is heartily commended to your at tention. Several bills providing for a new consulur service have In recent years been submitted to Congress. They are based upon the Just principle that ap pointments to the service should be mad only after a practical test of the appli cant's fitness, that promotions should be governed by trustworthvness, adaptabil ity and seal In the performance of duty, and that the tenure of office should be unaffected by partisan considerations. Treatment of Indiana. In my Judgment the time has arrived when we should definitely make up our minds to recognize the Indian as an Indi vidual and not as a member of a tribe. The general allotment act is a mighty pulverizing engine to break up the tribal mass. It acts directly upon the family and the Individual. Under its provisions some 60,000 Indians have already become citizens of the United States. We should now break up tho tribal funds, doing for them what allotment does for the tribal lands that is, they should be divided Into individual holdings. There will be a tran sition period during which the funds will in many cases have to be held In trust. This Is the case, also, with the lands. A stop should be put upon the Indiscrim inate permission of Indians to lease their allotments. The effort should be stead ily to make the Indian work like any oth er man on his own ground. The mar riage laws of the Indians should be mad the same as those of the whites. St. Lonls Exposition, T bespeak the most cordial sup port from the Congress and tha people for the St. Louis Exposi tion to commemorate the 100th an niversary of the Louisiana Purchase. The people of Charleston, with great energy and civic spirit, are carrying on an exposition which will contlnu throughout the most of the present ses sion of Congress. I heartily commend this exposition to the good-will of th people. Library of Congress. Perhaps the most characteristic educa tional movement of the past 50 years la that which has created the modern pub lie library and developed it Into broad and active service. There are now over 6000 public libraries In the United Statea, tha product of this period. In addition to ac cumulating material, they are also striv ing by organization, by Improvement In method, and by co-operation, to give greater efficiency to the material they hold, to make It more widely useful, and by avoidance of unnecessary duplication In process to reduce the cost of Its ad ministration. In these efforts they naturally look for assistance to the Federal library, which, though still the Library of Congress, and so entitled, is the one National library of the United States. Permanent Census Bureau. For the sake of good administration, sound economy and the advancement of science, the Census Office, as now consti tuted, should be made a permanent Gov ernment bureau. This would lnsurs bet. ter, cheaper and more satisfactory work. In the Interest not only of our business, but of statistic, economic and social sci ence. The Postal Servlc. Ths remarkable growth of tho postal service Is shown In ths fact that Its reve nues have doubled and Its expenditures have nearly doubled within U years. Its progressive development compels con. stantly Increasing outlay, but in this pe riod of business energy and prosperity Ita receipts grow so much faster than Its ex penses that the annual deficit has been steadily reduced from lll.tll.779 in 1897 to (3,923,727 In 1901. Among recent postal ad vances the success of rural free delivery wherever established has been so marked, and actual experience has made Its bene fits so plain, that the demand for Its ex tension Is general and urgent. It Is jUBt that the great agricultural population should share In the Improve, ment of the service. The number of rural routes now In operation Is 60U9, practically all established within three years, and there are (000 ap. 'ications awaiting action. It la expected that the number In opera tion at the close of the current fiscal year will reach 8tt)0. The mall will then be dally carried to the door of 5,700,000 of our people who have heretofore been depend ent upon distant offices, and one-third of all that portion of th country which Is adapted to It will be covered by this kind of service. Chinese Situation. Owing to the rapid growth of our power and our Interests on the Pacific, whatever happens In China must be of the keenest National concern to ua. The general terms of the settlement of the questions growing out of the anti foreign uprisings In China of 1900, having been formulated in a Joint note addressed to China by the representatives of th injured powers In December last, wer promptly accepted by the Chinese Gov ernment. After protracted 'conferences the plenipotentiaries of the aeveral powers were able to sign a final protocol with the Chinese plenipotentiaries on tha Tth of last September, setting forth the meas ure taken by China In compliance with the demands of the Joint note, and ex pressing their satisfaction therewith. It will be laid before th Congress, with a report of the plenipotentiary on behalf of the United States, Mr. William Woodvili Rockhlll. to whom high praise to due for the tact good judgment and energy he has displayed In performing an exception ally difficult and delicate task. The agreement reached disposes In a manner satisfactory to the powers of the various grounds of complaint, and will contribute materially to better future re lations between China and the power. Under the provisions of the Joint not of December, 1900, China has agreed to revise the trestle of commerce and navi gation and to take such other steps for the purpose of facilitating foreign trade as th foreign power may decide to be needed. THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Whit HoaM. December L 1K&, J