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About The Columbia register. (Houlton, Columbia County, Or.) 1904-1906 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 19, 1906)
V v POISONOUS PLANTS OF THE UNITED STArtS. I - v. , Mil la "5 v ..w , a Farmer from t!m to time send in complaints to th Department of Agri culture that not only their Hock, out ren firm hands, hart been sickened and killed through tbe presence ot tome poisonous plant on their farms. 80 frequently hav these complaints arrived at the department that offi cial! cf the Bureau of Plant Industry, tinder the direction of Mr. Frederick V. Coville, tbe chief botanist, are now making extensive experiments to as certain the exact elements csu&lng this damage. In order to aid fanners In the detec tion ot the most common plants found on their farms, the department has Is sued a farme, bulletin No. 86. en titled "Thirty Poisonous Plants of the United States.- This fires In detail full descriptions ot the plants, the symptoms ot the poisoning, and in many cases antidotes for the relief of men or animals taking in the poison. It would be well for all agriculturists to keep a copy of this pamphlet among their ready reference books. The oO clals of the Bureau ot Plant Industry are only too glad to furnish this most Taluable farmers' bulletin to all who may apply. DestructiYe to Live Stock. Probably the most destructive pois onous weed In the United States is the loco; the damage is so extenslre that during the period between 1S81 and 1885 the State of Colorado paid out oyer $200,000 In an endeavor to exter minate the weed. The foliage ot the loco weed is not the agent which imparts the poison to lire stock grating upon land impreg nated with it. it is the roots and stalk which contain the poison. Animals under the Influence ot the stimulant go through antics as though they were in toxicated, their eyes become glassy, they sprawl around in maudlin fashion until, with sheer exhaustion, they fall to the ground in a stupor. The effect of the poison is not acute, but in its alow progress simulates diseases caused by bacteria, worms or other parasites. The stages of a locoed ani mal are recognized by officials -of the CUt ELLIOTT MITCHELL homesteads teem with mushroom growths, some ot them edible and oth ers deadly poison. Among the latter class the farmer has to contend with two species, the fly amanlta. or, as some call it, the fly killer, and the In ii ARNICA. death cup. The former has been used in Europe for hundreds ot years as a fly poison, and in Asia it was formerly used as an intoxicant Cattle are pois oned by this species as well as men. and it is supposed that the flesh ot live stock so poisoned is rendered unwhole some. The death cup is not quite so large as the fly amanlta and is not so attractive in appearance to the inex perienced and experimenting epicure. A large number of cases of poisoning have been attributed to this fungus; in most of them it was supposed to be edi ble, and in a few instances the mere (handling of the plant caused serious trouble. The-bulletin above mentioned goes on to describe the common poisonous weeds and plants of the country, some of which are thriving in abundance in the East. West, North and South, and it is believed covers the weeds which bring harm to the farmer of every sec tion. The following is the list of plants described in the bulletin: Fly amanlta mushroom, death cup mushroom, false hellebore, pokeweed, corn cockled dwarf larkspur, Wyoming larkspur, purple larkspur, choke cherry, wolly loco weed, stemlesa loco weed, rat tlebox. caper spurge, anow on the moun tain, poison Ivy, poison oak, poison su mac, red buckeye, water hemlock, Oregon water hemlock, poison hemlock, broad leaf laurel, narrow-leaf laurel, great laurel, staggerbushi branch Ivy. Jimson weed, black nightshade, bittersweet, sneeseweed. Brccdiaf Stanly left ace. Through the process of "forcing," owners ot grVenhousc are able to produce crorN weeks and mouths before they could arrive at maturity through natural course. In addition the crop la made to develop far more rapidly and to attain proportions such as nature could not accomplish. From 12.300,000 to $3,000,000 worth ot lettuce alone is "forced in the United States each winter. Green house gardener In an endeavor to "get rich quick" havo failed to note that this, fording was weakening their slock until now the weak let tuce often becomes so diseased in the hothouse that it la by no means rare for a gardener to lose an entire crop of greenhouse lettuce by a disease to which these overstrained plant art particularly liable Dr. B. T. Galloway, chief of the Bureau ot riant Industry, in order to correct this evil, has been working for two seasons on this subject and has at last succeeded in obtaining a crop of winter lettuce plants immune to the lettuce disease. At the same time the plants are of large size and caps tie of developing as early as the most specialised ot winter lettuce. .This work has involved much time and the j sarlflce ot thousand of plants. Seed of healthy winter lettuce was planted. and at the proper time the plants were crossed with wild lettuce a species free from disease. Millions ot seeds ot these cross-bred plant were sown in beds- thousand in each and out of each thousand two or three of the largest and best were taken, while the rest were destroyed. From these extra To Shorten Hoalllng. The various state experiment sta tions have been devoting considerable time and attention to one feature of noultrv raisin, which has been a stumbling block in the way of obtain ing the greatest amount of profit out WHITE LOCO WEED. Bepartment: the first, lasting several months, is a period of hallucination with defective eyesight, during which the animal may cut all sorts of capers. Once acquiring a taste for the loco plant the stock refuse every other kind of food until the second stage is ush ered in. This second stage Is a linger ing period of emaciation characterized by sunken eye-balls, lusterless hair and feeble movements. The animal dies, as if from starvation, in periods rang ing from a few months to one or two years. Various States have attempted to adopt measures for the eradication of the loco weed, but so far these at tempts have not met with much suc cess. Colorado, a number of years ago, offered a reward of so much per ton for quantities of the loco weed brought In for extermination. The Mexican greasers, with great thrift, started in to farm and raise loco weeds. One of the prime reasons for failure to eradicate this weed ty State action has been the inability to prop erly identify the loco plant In some States it has been one weed which has caused the poison, and in others an entirely different species has re sulted In live stock destruction. Experiments la Poisoning. However, the Department of Agricul ture is now making experiments with various poisonous plants of the West, injecting the subtle poisons into sheep, cattle and guinea pigs, and studying every symptom, until It is hoped that some measures may be adopted oy stockmen to prevent loss through eat- in of the loco. But it is not only the West that is complaining to the Department of Agri culture on account of the presence of poisonous plants, for there is no sec tion of the country which does not abound with some form of plant life which is either of an irritant or poison ous character. New Jersey recently reported a few cases where, children were poisoned by water hemlock. Ore gon loses cattle every year through one species of cicuta. Familiar to us all is the action of poison ivy. While it is irritable to human beings, it has no apparent effect upon animals, horses, mules and goats eating its leaves with impunity. A number of people are im mune to its action, but some lose their resistant power in middle life; others have been known to attain immunity only through considerable exposure to the poison ivy. Deadly Mushrooms The meadows and pastures of many M UOOSE IH NATIVE UILDS. AXTIERED KING OF AMERICAS FOREST ABQVXDS IXREiiOtS X0RTU WEST KEGtOXS. Sense DYekped to Remark able Dgrw-reed Partly Under water In Summer Many Bulls Killed In fratracldal Battles. v Few people have any conception ot the astuteness of the moose, said a suc cessful hunter who is exceptionally well acquainted with the habits of this splendid game animal, la speaking ot a recent trip. They possess a keenness ot scent and hearing that la almost be yond belief, and an intelligence that is seldom credited to them by any one except those who have devoted consld erable tlrao to studying them and their ways. In the section of the country where we were the larger part of our stay moose were exceedingly plentiful, and we had the finest opportunity to ob serve their actions, W followed them from one place to another, endeavor Ing not to frighten them and all the wh'le noticing them very closely. In the mating season, which com mences around September 10 and ends about the middle of October, tbe bulls are exceedingly vicious, while the cows are timid and seek the deepest forests, being easily frightened. It Is my opinion that the males kill many of their mates at this time. The cows soon betake themselves to some Island, in order that they may not be disturbed by wolves or other wild animals. The moose calves are about as homely and unsightly as snythlng I have ever seen. Their heads are nearly as long as their bodies, and when they are three or four weeks old they weigh about 100 pounds. ja Ins V. LADIES THIS Wm For seaii GIVEN AWAY Saad at VMf mm s4 tddrtu aad vtvttl fas) fcwj t4 fo-p4 ii at aar Itvtlry aaIUM M Mil si 10 emu rack. ImoJf yea hoibm M will lay " tha . al to. Sold la t J.40 aad wt till tl c M4 jaa this Handsome Fur Scar! It It atarlf 41 lack loaf, osda team aktk lyas 11 lull, I far, 1 uhr Mb. vara limi aurlf. sad a knav 10a ill aa awra ih.a ald witk It. Ikti ta rac.lv 11 as 1m jroo wilt a? Ii is las ast sttt sad hanxifhly toad fur a a... avarswa. Nbla stalls t this Msrf bumf Wfara kta 9tt4 as a promt a 1 Ii will 1 in ytara ot miificiary tf, Ii jivta a etrllik, Srsuj iffevl 10 lb mw i appMrsaea. Tb e!r rta m llf iha Is ka a Ur aitaiMr ! lht sa alorakrn at lbs Urt tarrler during lb m traJa ait I ibis la the aaly roa ar able aaalltr sack aa tiptasiv arttnlaat. Us kops vlll take advaant el ear aINr uaaal Ibis Is aa aitrtoraiasr altar and sanaot ka aapltcaiaa t say etksf fallible soacera. trwat raa vnfc ear Itvslrf aaill , III rae SMblai to i ibis lur. AoMrtse, COLUMBIA NOVELTY CO Dept. 055 Cast Bta( Ma I i BJ . ; v. . .: .r-.. r- iVv1'"" "'' ' ' ' m: ' j Eight Wttks Growth 'rem Stid ef Atw Hybrid and Sttnd. ari Varuty. Tkt Xcw Ltttutt Croat Vtry Rank. large early and fine heads another crop was raiwd. and it Is from these that seed will be furnished to the greenhousemen of the great cities. It Is believed that through this work will be saved from ruin the winter lettuce induHtry, which for the last three years has been threatened with extinction. Trvplcat Teultt There is something fascinating in the development of tropical fruits, those things which we can not grow in the emperat snd colder climates, where Jack Frost Is sure to reap bis annual harvest There Is the niantfn, for in stance, which the lH-partmwit of Ag riculture Is growing in l'orto Hlco, snd the alligator pear, a moat dnikious tropica! vegetable-fruit, tbe peplno, and s score of others which will stand litUe or no front To most rHruii there- Is a glamor aniLa fascination about the tropics and Its products. We have la the United states no tropical section. Fronts or chills of atmonphere are likely to visit us at all points, la l'orto Illco snd the Philippines, how ever, are found tu genuine tropical conditions where nothing worse occurs than the hurricane which swoops away every vestige of vegetation, house and ocrunnnts; but there la no frost hu we have taken control of Porto Itleo ami tho Philippines, never theless, it is the coiistaut eudeavor ot the homo government to cross and hy bridize tropical with hardy fruits so mat mey win stand tuo cold and front of northern climes. The artltl- clnl evolution of the hardy orauge Is nn example of this. Hy selection and croas breeding. plants can become woudorfullr well utH-IlinaU-d and as s result th northern varieties aud ajMHles are gradually In vading the soutlwrn fields, while the northern orchards aro conatantlv U-iuir auguiennni by imw species hitherto exclusively southern in teiupcratueuC To Keep Eac Records. Tbe Malno Kxperlment Station has published a deacrlptlon of a neat box which U clatuiisl to lx? alinple and In expenHlve, snd certain In its action, for uiw where It Is deMirtvl to keep a record of how hens are laying. In order to weed out tho poor onea of the flock. Tlie station has umd ttietto ueHts In ex pcrlnientu undertaken to CHtabllah brmla of hens that shall excel as eg producer. A description of this box. oni how to make It can be found in farmer' bulletin No. 1H, of tho De partment or Agriculture. 6H0WT MILKWEED, of tho hnsiness. When a hen moult she stops laying eggs and no amount of persuasion can induce ber to again commence doing business until she is ready. The California Experiment Station has been making tests with the object of shortening the moulting sea son of laying fowls. Hens usually commence moulting in the early fall and tbe plan of the California Ftatlon is to hasten this time into early sum mer. This is accomplished by a method of light feeding, followed with heavy feeding. The egg-laying Is stopped and moulting is brought on by a one- half reduction of the supply of nitro genous food, meat middlings, and the like. The bens, under this plan, stop egg-laying and go to moulting. In about a month, it is claimed, the moult ing process Is all finished and then tbe ordinary feeding is resumed; the ben then begins to lay eggs early in We fall. Tbe experiments of tbe station have not been concluded, so that it is still unsafe to say whether or not the new method will prove practically successful. Secretary Bonaparte, Farmer, About 15 miles from Baltimore 1 the farm of Secretary Charles J. Bona parte of the Navy. Before be became the head of the Navy DepartmentSec retary Bonaparte used to spend six months of tbe year on bis farm. He arose dally at 5-30 and always took a look over the place before breakfast After breakfast he would drive into the city, arriving usually about tbe time people were getting out of bed. t 1 R(l BULBS 25 Ceata. I W01 grow In th doom or out ot ,y doors. Hjacintht, Crocus, Fuchsias, pxails, Tuberoses, Jtegonia, Jonquils, fj1rotill, Cblnesa LII7, Dewer Llir. Oloilnla, Lilies of a lite Vley-llpotpald,stc. In Humps a. Al premium with ttiM balb we will wsnd a big collection ot flower seaOa orwSOO kinds. or coin. HIU.BIDC HOHSERV, OMtRVIU-t, MASS, Came aa a Shock, Flossie "Mamma, were you at home wuen 1 was Dorar' Mamma "No, dear, I was at grand ma s, in ine country." nossie "Wasn't you awfully sur prised when you beard about it? Why Is a ragged boy like a minister near the end of his sermon? He' tore'd his close. "My ancestors came over in the Mayflower," boasted Blueblood, "but It isn't generally known." "That's all right old man," said bis friend. I'll never tell. You can't help what your ancestors did!" The calf and its mother remain to gether for about nine months, tbe mother, of course, providing food and shelter for the younger animal. But after that length of time has elapsed she will try to get away. In order to do this she will often travel miles up stream, so as to leave no scent and, as a rule, she succeeds In accomplish ing ber purpose. The bulls have a peculiar grunting sound by which they call to the cows. A man can Imitate the call after long practice, but not so perfectly as to de ceive them. The only way in which this ruse can be successfully carried out Is to make your call at tbe same time that the moose make their noise. In this manner I have called them under the branches of the tree In which I have been sitting from distances as great as a mile or more, The males also have an odd habit of striking their antlers against trees making a sound that rings clear as a bell, after which they bellow long and SJXOS Hoe, fir, Cn a&d Yallow Ptas, 1 - Writ (or Catalogue. Etglt link Co., 231 N. Gnc.n EL, Chicago, 111. IP YOU WANT A JACK Rnd fur our Jack CatalnfM. Kara to m talo lbs daacripilim ot ttactly what jfoa nul Hydraulic Jack our Specialty WatnoifBtlllnian Cot 40 Day HU, N. T. City. . PENSIONS, Over one Million Dollar allowed our client during the last six years. Over one Thousand claims allowed through us dur ing the last aix months. Dit ability, Afjo and In crease pensions obtained Ja the shortest possible time. Widows claims a specialty.. Usually cranted within 90 days if placed with us immedi ately oa soldier's death. Fees fixed hy law and payable out of allowed pension. A successful experience of as years and benefit of daily calls at Tension Bureau are at your sen-ice. Highest ref erences furnished. Local Magis trates pecuniarily benefited by sending us . claims. TABER & WHITMAN CO., Warder Did'?, Washington, D. C. NO MORE RUNAWAYS They can be prevented in every lnstauce with a GEER SAFETY ItEIN. A positive and complete cure for bolting and pulling hones. Works independently of driving reins; Fit any bridleran be buckled on in a minute; no matter what breaks, you are safe. Th Gcer Rein will Instantly stop any runaway, without injury to the horse, or MONEY REFUNDED. lHIO 30.00 ' a. JFWC - Si W BIB PRIva D. ASK VOU DKAUR, ON WRITS THK GEER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Inc. (50LS OWNERS AND MAKERS) 40 KacoliCaiitr IMrtoo, NRW YORK, M yon don't know all about the GEER REIN, writs at lor Ttillmonlali snd further Inforetatlo. a2 djL .T2jr -T Sa-. - . - a. - JFWC - - k iHSl WW! HON. CHARLES J. BONAPARTE, Secretary of the Navy. Secretary Bonaparte has never ex pected to make a fortune out of bis farm, but simply support it as a mean ot recreation. Smile, a sign of happiness; miss, the cause of much happiness. Hence tbe expression, a miss is as good as s-mlle. Tbe temperature in tbe Sahara Des ert often rises to 150 degrees in tbe daytime and sinks below freezing point at night a dangerous "A little learning is thlntr. Drink deep, or taste not of the Pierian spring." Bacon. "And he that does on fault at first . And lies to hide, makes two." loud. On' a quiet night they can be I heard miles away. This appears to be their mode of expressing defiance and challenging a rival to contest. , Antler No Handicap. It is astonishing to see them go through the woods while bearing their Immense branching antlers. They cal culate the distance between two trees to a nicety and hardly ever strike a branch. But perhaps the strangest part of this performance is that this does not seem to retard their speed in the slightest. In the summer they seek the water, where they will not be pestered by files, and stay there during most of tbe warm weather. As they are not built to reach the grass with their jaws, be ing very high In the forequarters, they feed on lily pads, roots, watercress and moose maple during the summer. Tbe watercress grows chiefly in deep water, and to reach it the moose dive In water from ten to fifteen feet in depth, leaving only their heels visible They stay under from a minute to a minute and a half, and usually do their diving at night. When they have filled their large Jaws they proceed to sort out such parts as they want and eat them leisurely. When autumn approaches they take to the rocks and high places, where they live on yellow birch and white willow tops. They stand on their hind legs to reach the top of a birch tree fifteen feet above the ground, snap it off, and then pull qff the young shoots. In the winter they sustain themselves on lichens, ground hemlock and white cedar. When the snow becomes deep and the temperature is far below zero, they herd together in some dense cedar swamp , and trample down the snow Often as many as sixty gather at one time in this way. International Harvester Co. GASOLINE ENGINES WIimi umitnned with an I. II.C. easoline enirine. tbe farm7the dairy, th mill, the threshing machine, or the huskcr and shredder can be operated more mnomlrflilv than with anv other oowcr. Farmers who have water to pump. wood to saw, feed to f rind or com to . shell, can do this work at a minimum cost with L ii. U. engines, SS " I. H. C HORIZONTAL ENGINB I. H. C. gasoline engines are made in the following sizes t 8, $ and 8 H P., vertical type, stationary; 6, 8, 10, n and 15 II. P., horizontal type, stat ionary; and 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 tl. P., horizontal type, portable WRITS FOR GASOLINE ENGINB BOOKLET. International Harvester Co. of America Uaconvystad) 7 Monroe Street Chicago, HL, U.S. A,