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About The Columbia register. (Houlton, Columbia County, Or.) 1904-1906 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 12, 1906)
C Vv7 EDIBLE MUSHEiOOMS. GUt tlUOTT MTOtEU. "Mushroom Groirlsc and Hushroom Spawn Making" Is the title of a very interesting bulletin Just issued by the Department of Agriculture. This It a subject which, to most farmers. Is surrounded by a hsis of mystery and hesitation, owinc to the tact that there are a number of species ot mushrooms which art poisonous. Determining the Poisonous Fungi. The first Question a man will ask Is. "How can 1 tell a toadstool from a mushroom? The Department answers this question by saying that you can not tell a mushroom from a toadstool because mushrooms are toadstools. The general belief Is well-nigh univer sal in this country that the fleshy urn- hrella-shaped fungi art divided Into two classes mushrooms, which are edible, and toadstools, which are poi sonous. The assumed difference does not exist All fleshy umbrella-shaped fungi are toadstools; a number ot these are edible, and commerce applies the name mushroom; but not a small num ber ot other toadstools are edible, and a great many ot them, probably the 11 v Many people who would enjoy mush rooms addea 9 weir menu ar un barred because t the difficulty f ob taining them except at considerable expense, and because ot unfamlllarity as to methods of home culture. Mushrooms sre easy .to trow, and beginner are often as successful with them as are those fearing an extensive experience. Aside from preparing the manure and making up the beds. It Is clean crop to handle and occupies lit tle space. The gathering, sorting. pacs lag and marketing ot the mushrooms can be easily taken care ot by the wom en of the household. Cellars or basement rooms where tne temperature tn the winter does not go below 65 degrees or does not rise above 65 degrees are suitable places tor grow, lng mushrooms. It Is hardly advisable to grow them under the living part ot the house, since the odor ot the manure will permeate the ja welling. stames thst are not too cold In winter are suitable. Preparation of the Beds. The mushroom bed is best prepared from horse manure that comes from well-bedded stables. Some straw Is de sirable, but a large percentage la ob jectionable and should be removed. The manure Is cured by putting it un der cover in piles three to tour feet deep and of any length and width. It usu ally requires from ten to fifteen days to euro, but should not be put In the beds or boxes until the temperature has TEE FLY AGARIC. Deadly Polaoa-and Closely Resembles tne Edible Mushroom. most of them, are not poisonous. Abil ity to distinguish poisonous varieties from those that are edible is not eas ily learned. On the other hand those who wish to collect fungi for their own consumption or the market must be gin by committing to memory the dis tinguishing marks of a few species. Until this is done one must not Ten ture to trust to general rules for dis tinguishing good species from bad. There is one rule, however, which should be applied: no one. unless de cidedly expert, should collect for eat ing the buttons, or small, unexpanded fungi, since in their young condition it Is often Impossible, even for experts, to recognize what the species is. The Department of Agriculture has Issued a number of bulletins on mushroom growing which give certain rules for determining the difference between tne edible common field mushrooms snd those that are deadly poisonous. This subject is ftartlcularly treated in the Tear Book for 1897: reprints of this portion can be obtained from the Dirt aion of Publications. - The mushroom in commerce Is prac tically the fruit of the mushroom slant and not the plant itself. The plant proper is a white or bluish white mold the spawn that grows in neiaa and manure piles. Comparing the mushroom to an apple tree, we have the trunk, branches and leaves buried In the ground, leaving only the apples themselves standing above the ground. The toadstool, like the apple, con tains the means of reproduction the apple contains seeds, while the toad stool is filled with microscopic, dust- like bodies having the same function as seeds. Important Crop Abroad. Mushrooms are extensively grown In England and France, and to a limited extent in Belgium, Germany and in many other countries. Paris, however, is the center of commercial production. In the vicinity of that city the culture of mushrooms Is now almost entirely cities, although many large growers continue to sell entirely by contract or by special orders to hotels aud rest aurant The farmer, however, will tlnd ready sale for any of the standard varieties. Should basement or cellar be unavailable, open-air culture may be resorted to, although this method R :; i '-. j t s- i . ,t . mi V 4' CM 171 V VENTILATOR OF PARISIAN MUSH. ROOM CAVE. of growing Is more difficult owing to the impossibility ot maintaining even temperatures and controlling the moist ure ot the beds. The various bulletins CHEW FOODS . THOROUGHLY. GLADSTOXS CUE WED HEAT TUiX T 1'- T WO J7.VSS-0 TiiSKS . mscqxubsd rim. Certain Indigestion Preventative Less rood Well Masticated "fur Irishes More Nourishment for Body -Saliva A Digestive, . Gladstone chewed every mouthful ot meat he ate thirty-two times, but sixty times is not too often to chew a mouth ful ot solid food, according to a well known specialist on stomach diseases, who declares that It Is the one sure way to avoid Indigestion, stomach and Intestinal troubles. "Each mouthful should be chewed from fifteen to sixty seconds, accord lng to the kind ot solids It contains," he says. "Every ploce should be ground Into fine pulp and thoroughly mixed with the saliva In the mouth before It Is In a condition to be prop erly digested. Swallowing should be a slow, almost formal action, for It a bite is gulped down even sfter It has been well masticated It will cause dis tress by lodging In the thorax for a few seconds and bringing on a dull heaviness In the chest and stomach. "Some foods should be more thor oughly masticated than others. For Instance, beef, veal, mutton In 'fact, all. heavy foods should be chewed for at least a minute, while soft cereals, mushes and well-cooked vegetables need not be held In the mouth for more than fifteen seconds before they will be ready to swallow. All liquids tea, coffee, milk, wine, water should be drunk slowly. .Five minutes at least should be given over to the slow sip ping of a cup of fluid, whether It Is hot or cold, tor a quantity suddenly put Into the stomach la not healthful, and - ------ 1 ' . ... . , i. . i . .... . . c it m a ... 3 m " -.', ("Iff E' ( - . m . Aa "I "5 v rh IUMM i'-Jlttililh V COSTS 10 HEALTH IN THE HOME tlMlnMI HIM Tt WORTH . ut. a U II tht T" mot wnt or mort viu m your iit r ln'l It hh1 hvoli or ..i.thirt" T S""1 ,0 ' Ut would ! i svwd a tfs slikiw haeowt r 44 in n,mr nf Prt-vcntlort Is Worth tt l'ound of Cure. Itir T.rt miim liniuw hi in.uw - - ----- UwlKf i bill V ht would thai t wttrth to vtt VnuUln't ll tx wria Uwilan in ctum it wiiuio. . w!irV.,i."vU. IM bv r.ln V.iwtll'i llnwewsaer Vsiaslse l oneytar, i'vi tW tT rilns V will's llomwVf ' Vii urtll coal you Jurt Ua cnla. ho Ntoi Mu lMl IT COSTS 10$ HO M Ell JIS C00KINGligl its x WORTH SIO i n-t at..... rnnilni. Villi UCU AUUUk vvv.iu You've haard the old sarins t TKa Lori nJi t)ia Jood and iha Davtl th couat." OimmI CtMtklntr Contribute! to Good Health. As Bhaatj.aia aayat " L rxd li(Min wait a ai'MUla, ani kaaiih m both." Md you Wr of food dslua walling ua U4 cookins r I iiMiiit ura with twit ' to la MaawaU's ltommakf MawtM U sa aid had IImIiIi a-ura with twit rtHiktlx And lh llimi. Couklnr lrxMtuut tbaouw llaallB iirticui. - . . , ... , liuoU Cuokinjr ana ihmmi jicoudi TWre The Gold Durt Twlna that tnaka tha wta ol y 4 throuich happy und u-wful ytara to a haU sn4 tusarir itd (j j thJa masine UNK W1IOLK 1 KAR MK TKN I KNTH. ... m.mi,Vrr TbiTUood Hlth and 0hkJ l.K.kln UcnMri,.nta In Waiw.ll a H'"" Mwulna ar nut .m1 with a fair ! M-or TUay ara atlitad with aat l wm. ltV4 up by li(-inia ol aimlr and ttiwtwnoa. ,.rhJy ran And whai II haa to tall I t..ld In a plain, atralf hlforward way that r'rdy t,n undrratanJ and know lul what to do to an!" O.hhI to..klo and Oom IU"UIY rua your aaroa ana p Y A hcn you avnd yuur plainly that you wilt Ia an rtva TwoOnt Mam a to ((costs MAXWELL'S ' IIOMEM AKER MAGAZINE lO0 riSMIR. BUILDING, CHICAGO. its WORTH 810 on should be more thoroughly masti cated." Chewing food thoroughly accom plishes the double results of minting it so that the Juices ot the stomach can get at the Individual particles and combining it with the saliva, which, la itself. Is a powerful digestive agent. Wono Tbna Welch Rarebit. Microbes In the water. Microbes In the air: Microbes in the pie and cake. Microbes everywhere: Laying for us In the col J, Likewise In the heat: Every time we draw our breath Or stop to drink or eat in horrid consternation We vainly try to sleep; We know that through the casement The Microbes strive to creep; Though as creation's mighty lords We swsgger snd pretend. The Microbe Is the only one Who triumphs In tho end. bCEXEd IN SOME OF THE UHEAT MUSUUOOM CAVES OF PARIS. gone down to loo degrees. A layer of the more strawy portion of the manure Is first put on the bottom and then thoroughly tramped or pounded down. Succeeding layers are then ap plied and each packed down until the bed U 10, 12 or 14 Inches deep. Cul tivated mushroom spawn, used for planting the beds, may be obtained from nearly any seedsman in the form ot dried manure bricks. These should be broken up into pieces about 2 inches in diameter, planting each piece in the bed 8 to 10 inches apart by making a suitable hole 2 Inches deep and press ing the spawn firmly Into it The hole should then be again filled with the manure and packed down firmly. The bed Is covered loosely with excelsior or straw to retain the moisture and to of the Department of Agriculture on mushroom growing may be obtained on application. t h -r- a. -.rjr it Si .r M TO MAKE PERFECT PORK. Method of Slaughtering Which In. sures wholesome Meat A Kansas City man has discovered a novel mothod ot preparing pork for the market in a way that will give to the people a meat which is perfectly wholesome. The theory is advanced that when a pig is sent to slaughter, every squeal emitted in the process of slaughter is an audible announcement of a nervous reaction that effects every fiber of its body, producing such changes as will be detrimental to any one partaking of the flesh. The plan proposed Is to drive the porker up an Incline Into a small pen. Just as he steps in the pen the platform tilts and runs him down a chute. At the end of this chute there is a bucket of slop or mash, or any other wis delicacy. The animal pokes his snout Into the bucket when his whole head is caught in a trap and nitrous oxide renders him unconscious before he has time to let out even a little squeal. While the pig Is In this state it is slaughtered. There is no excitement, no squeal and consequently no thermic changes, use. frequently causes an uncomfortable fullness, which, if continued, results In a form of indigestion. The principal directions of one emi nent specialist on digestive troubles are. in most every case which comes to him. to eat much less and chew it more. Better to Eat Little. "If the time that can be devoted to meal Is short," he says, "It would be well to remember that a small quantity of nourishing food, properly masti cated, is more beneficial than a larger amount poorly chewed and swallowed in a hurry. The best plan I know is to leave the table without entirely sat isfying one's hunger, while another baked apple or piece ot beef would taste good. "Dinner being the principal meal of the day. more solid foods are generally served, and for that reason alone more time is required in properly eating it A few minutes should be given in tak ing soup, which can be chewed or swal lowed like fluids, according to the In dividual desire. Many persons believe that milk should always be chewed. Two-thirds of the dinner hour, or longer, it convenient, should be used in eating meats, veg etables, etc., and the remainder of the period given over to the mas tication ot deserts, which, it oi pastry The Strenuous Life. "Indeed, Mr. Hurryup, this Is so un expected. You embarrass me very much." Hurryup (glancing at the clock) "1 11 give you one minute to recover from your embarrassment" Ho Four Flushing. The President stands pat on the American navy. And yet he maintains that It needs constant revision. Now let us take the problem home with us and work it out by tho use of a HtUe midnight Rockefeller. EIfIi5 AMERICAN .CROWN SOAP U a graea soap, eoniUtattcy of puts, a parfaet claanaar for utomoblla narhlnary and at1 vablcloai will Dot Injur the moat highly pollabad aurtacav Mada (rota pure vfUbla olla. 1( your daalardoas not carry Asnericaa Crown Hasp la stock, sand utbla same std ddraas and a will that your want are supplied. Put up In 12)4 8 sod DO lb pails. James S. Kirk & Company CMC AGO ILL Foster's Ideal Cribs - .Accident Proof! STOP YOUR RUNAWAY ONC CCNUINg Aj UNUU iTAMPt f4 Y.a Cia Da It rvm Ttwt, With A Or.ER SAFETY REIN nice, COMPUTI, $5.00 Eiprmaga frtssK He start ImmImimi Ms mors lhat Leiti Cia Is kucktal j ' an. is a inuia, te sni anam WORKS INOCfC NDERTLY OP THK ORIVIHQ REINS. Write lor descriptive circular, tm Mplkttla. Is THIS QltlSK IbJAJUli'AOYUMIXVa CO., 47 EXCHANGE PLACE, NEW YORK. Wlti Stop may iff or Honey Ketuaded. International Harvester Co. GASOLINE ENGINES - mti mnntrmA with an I. II.C. eaftollno entrlne. the form! thedalry. the mill, the throshing; machine, or the husker and shredder can be operated more economically than with any other power. Partners who have water to pump, -wood to saw, feed to grind or corn to shell, can do this work at a minimum cost with L II. C. engines, A PLATE OF THE FINEST EDIBLE MUSHROOMS. confined to the underground limestone quarries or cement mines. These caves are not unlike some of our mines with galleries or balls radiating In every direction. Most of these are wen 'ventilated by shafts, protected at the surface' by wooden towers. Until re cent times the mushroom growers of Paris refused to allow visitors to these caves, some of which are miles in length the cultural methods being carefully guarded. Even to-day It is not easy to obtain permission to make a casual visit to the mushroom caves. The total production of mushrooms in Paris alone in 1901 amounted to mot's a. 1A AAA AAA ntn n sta , I nan xv,vuvtviv iwuuuo prevent a too rapid fall of tempera ture. At the end of about a week this material is removed, and the beds are covered with an Inch to an-inch and a half of rich loamy soil. In from 6 to 7 weeks mushrooms should begin to appear. Harvesting the Crop Mushrooms are ready to pick about the time the gills beneath the umbrella portions are a bright pink color. The beds should be gone over every day; every mushroom that is large enough for market should be picked. In pick lng. the mushroom should not be cut oft at the root, but by catching it by the top and giving It a gentle twist or bend the fruit will come away from, .the When the Stork Flew Down. 'Mama, were you at home when I was born." - "No, dear, I was at grandma s In the country." "Wasn't you awriy s'prlsed when you heard about it?" in the united states iresn musn- hovA nnlv recently been of any ground quite easily. Importance commercially, although There is now a good open market for they are not crown to any, extent tfresh mushrooms In a few of tho larger At the literary Tea. Miss Sappho t And you haven't said a word about my. new poem. Mr. Cholly "Aw beg you' pawdon gweat, you know weally. Miss SaDDbo. I didn't think you could wite to such a aw depth of profundity." Life. , . u Too Much Yet Not Enough. "What's the matter, Willie," asked grandma. "Did you eat too much dinner?" "No," sobbed the little fellow, "I'm lust feeling bad 'cause I didn't eat enough to make me xeei . unoomiur Mi? i'jH mi mi m m W " COMMO MEADOW MUSHROOM. Edible and Delicious, or cake, require about half as long a time as the .chewing of meats. "Persons who have vigorous exercise and sit up late should have a fourth meal at about 11 or 12 o'clock. This should be the lightest of all. "Foods fried should be chewed longer time than those prepared by boiling, baking or roasting, for they are harder to digest, and for that rea- -jt"- . j w I. II. C HORIZONTAL ENCIND I. H. C. gasoline engines are made In the following sizes t a, and 5 11 P. vertical type, stationary; 6, 8, io, ia and i II. P., horizontal type, stat ionary; and o, 8, io, ii and 15 II. P., horizontal type, portable. WRITS TOR CASOLINB ENCIN8 BOOKLET ' . International Harvester Co. of America (Iacorponted. - 7 Monroe Street Chicago, UL. U. 9. A.,