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About The Columbia register. (Houlton, Columbia County, Or.) 1904-1906 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 12, 1906)
amlnattona made tor the commission of he jraatuf fuifmi of the 8ial of Texas, the Slate of Wyoming-, tha I'nlon and Northern Pacific rUivd, and of th Indian oo (n the f parvus to iiHiiwn lor tn ua of Imtian luims ami able fvtr cratmjt, unJ of the sraiiiig coo dmoai throughout the West A map ha Iwn rp'' showing: the grnra.1 looa li.. n tnJ im of tha aumruer. winter. and yr-iong rang, and th emotions which , era largvlv crprnofni rn irraivnuj water supply for their unulimlkm tn eras ing, n thoae where there haa bevn ex tensive development by wells and wind mill. Ui believe that thta map will be found exceedingly valuable and Interesting- In tha consideration of all erasing: problems, and It la therefor subauUvd lu the arpcrnltv Third. I'pon the results of a meeting called to confer with tha commission by the National Uv Stock Association in Iwnrer earlv In August, l-t. which was attended bv'the Secretary of Agriculture and bv reprem-ntaiive alwkmen from all the gfatmg-htnd States and Territories. The opinion of the stockmea present was almost unanimous In favor of soma action on the part of tha government which would give the ranr user some right of control bv which the rang can be kept from destruction by orervrv'wdint and tha controversiea over range rights can b satisfactorily eliminated, the only ques tion being as to the most satisfactory method by which such right may be ob tained. Fourth. Vpon 1.VO answers received to a circular letter addressed to stockmen throughout tha West. Thesa answers show that under the present system the pasturing value or trie ranjres ass oeten orated and tha carrying capacity of tha lands haa greatly diminished; that tha present condition of affairs Is unsatisfac tory: that tha adoption of a new system of management would Insure a better and more permanent use of the crating lands; thai a certain Improvement la r&ue cwa- side of them under precisely the same condition. Wherever the ls have ben so enforced aa to give the settier a reason able rhanc ha has settled, prospe reoL b.i!!t up the ovur.lrv. ar.J t.i.i.i.i.t i..iT more complete development aud lanier prosperity than where land monopoly llourtahea. Nearly everywhere tha large landowner has aucceejed tn monopo lising the beat tracts, whether of tunlver or agricultural land. There haa been ex' me outcry tmnt thia condition. Yet the lack of greater protest la aigtun cant. It Is to be eipUmed by the energy, shrewdness, and tniluence o( tha men to whom the conwuualioa of the present con dition Is deslrahle. Your Commissi h.ta h:J inquiries made aa to how a number of eotnte, selected, haphatard. 'have been acquired. Almost without exception collusion or evasion of the letter and Niuru of the land laws was involved. It is not neces sarily to be Inferred that the present owner of these estates were dishonest, but the fact remains that their holdings were acquired or consolidated by practices which can not be defended. The disastrous effect of this system upon the well-being of the nation as a whole requires lilt! comment. I'nder the present conditions, speaking broadly, the large estate usually retnalna in a low condition of cultivation, whereas under actual settlement by Individual home makers the s.ame land would have supported many families in comfort and would have vleloVd far greater returns. Agriculture is a pursuit of which It may be asserted absolutely that it rarely reaches Its best development under any concentrated form of ownership. There exists and Is spreading In tha West a tenant or hired-labor system which not only represent a relatively low Industrial development, but whose further extensions carries with It a most serious threat. I'oltk-allv. socially, and economic ally this system Is indefensible. Had the loud law been effective aud effectually THE NEW'KOMY. - ' - - : X - - ( : v . . . .-V U ' .. - : Unirriftt4 Frm &tne im the Crtotm Falls, Mtattns L4 Dutriit. Land lmmtdiatttj AlcKRsiJt Has Burn Tjien uf L nJerlkt Dt:trt Lini Laro by Falst Saxarinf, ike Land Fvident.'y dltlont has already been brought about by range control on the forest reserves, and that the great bulk of the western stock men are definitely in favor of government control of the open range. Fifth. Vpon facts presented at many public meetings held throughout the West and upon innumerable suggestions which have been received and considered. Your commission concurs in the opinion of the stockmen that some form of gov ernment control is necessary at once, but is opposed to the immediate application of any definite plan to all of the grazing lands alike, regardless of local conditions or actual grazing value. The following plan is intended to bring about the grad ual application to each locality of a form of control specifically aulted to that locality, whether it may be ap plicable to any other locality or not. Your commission recommends that suit able authority be given to the Presi dent to set aside, by proclamation, certain grazing dstrlcts or reserves. To the Sec retary of Agriculture, In whose depart ment i found the special acquaintance with range conditions and live-stock ques tions which is absolutely necessary for the wise solution of these problems, authority Fhould be given to classify and appraise the grazing value of these lands, to ap point such officers as the care of each grazing district may require, to charge and collect a moderate fee for grazing permits, and to make and apply detinue and appropriate regulations to each graz ing district. These regulations should be framed and applied with special reference to bringing about the largest permanent occupation of the country by actual set tlers and home seekers. All land covered hv anv Hermit so triven should continue to be subject to entry under reasonable regulations notwitnstanuing sucn periniu Mining Laws. Tour commission has not yet found it nnc.ihlA tn take ud the extremely impor tant subject of the revision of the mining laws with the thoroughness which it de serves. From the evidence already sub mitted it Is obvious that important r.hamrea are necessarv. both in the L'nlted States and in Alaska. The commission hopes to treat this matter more at length in a sUDsequem report. Rights of Way. Tear after year the question of rights of way across the public lanas ana reserva tions haa teen called to the attention of the Congress in the reports of the Secre tary of the Interior and the Commissioner of the General Land Office, The laws on thin aubiect are numerous and apparently often incongruous. Rights of way are granted contingent upon the execution of u-nrir within a definite time, but decisions ank practices are now in force under whiph It has become almost Impossible to divest the Dublic lands of the incubus of these rights, granted conditionally In the first place, but still in existence, although the conditions were noi luiuiieu. Eights such as these are very numerous, Thev lie dormant until actual developmenl haa tieirun to take nlace. either under the reclamation act or otherwise; then they appear in enormous numbers to the very cerious hindrance of new enterprises. Y'our commission is engaged on a study of this subject and will report nereauei upon It. Attention is called again to the recom tnendatlon of vour commission in it pre vious report (hereto attached) that entry of agricultural lands included in forest re serves be permitted under surveys by metes and bounds, and special emphasis is directed to the recommendation, which is here renewed, that in such cases actual residence at home on the land be rigidly reauired and that no commutation be al lowed. Large and Small Holdings. Detailed study of the practical operation of the present land laws, particularly of the desert-land act ana tne -commutation clause of the homestead act, shows that their tendency far too often la to bring about land monopoly rather than to mul tiply small holdings by actual settlers. The land laws, decisions, and practices hav become s complicated that the set tler la At a marked disadvantage in com parison with the shrewd business man who aims t acquire large properties. Not Infrequently their effect is to put a premium on perjury and dishonest methods in the acquisition of land.. It Is apparent, in consequence, that in very many localities, and perhaps in general. a larger proportion of the public land is passing Into the hands of speculators and - corporations than into those of actual settlers who are making homes. This Is not due to the character of the . land. In all parts of the United States known to your Commission where such lars-A holdings are being acquired the genuine homesteader Is prospering along- enforced Its growth would hare been Impossible. it is onen assertea in oeiense oi largo holdings that, through the operation of enlightened selfishness, the land so held will eventually be, put to its best use. Whatever theoretical considerations may support this statement. In practice it li almost universally untrue. Hired labor on the farm can not compete with the man who owns and works his land, and if it could the owners of large tracts rarely have the capital to develop them ef fectively. Although there is & tendency to sub divide large holdings in the long run. yet the desire for such holdings Is so strong and the belief In their rapid Increase in value so controlling and so widespread that the speculative motive governs; and men ga to extremes before they will sub divide lands which they themselves are not able to utilize. The fundamental fact that characterizes the present situation Is this: That the number of natents Issued Is Increasing out oi all proportion to the cumber of new nomes. Kespectxuijy submitted. W. A. RICHARD 3, li 11. NKWEI.U OIFFORD PINCHOT. Great Sttrzieat FcnL Dr. Splinton is the most experi enced surgeon in town. Way there a no kind of a fracture he can t set, and iet with satisfactory results." 'Is that so? Bald the man with the eteely blue eye. "I wonder if he would be any good at setting a LroKen egg. The Making of Events. Some men are hammers, and they fall With swift relentless shock. This life for them is, after all, One grand persistent knock. And some are anvils standing there In undismayed repose. Firm placed and solid they must bear The impact of the blows. Th hammer has Its work to do. The anvil may not yield In opposition. "'Twixt the two The world's work is revealed." PEACEFUL U7n)AMir.lI MOM SISTER ilOXARCllV l.MUIf. ALLELE I) IX HISTORY Frustration of ChcrUhed Ideal of Sweden to Gradually but Completely Absorb Norway-Personality of New Monarvh. A new monarchy baa been founded and Its King rules bis people to-day; yet- the accomplishment has been made without one deed of. violence. Fancy, a few hundred years" ago, the accession of a powerful people from a yet mora powerful one. The new regime would needs have possessed a genius and a daredevil for a leader, and then waded with him through rivers of blood in order to establish the new throne. But in the case of Norway, the bal lot box was the only weapon used and the case ia without a parallel In his tory. The strange anomaly, too, is pre sented of the birth of a new dynasty, while the most aristocratic and auto cratic dynasty, situated Immediately adjoining it. is tottering to Its fall. By vote of the Storthing, Norway's legislative body, the Norwegian peorle' decided to separate from Sweden; by vote of the Norwegians the new re gtme was selected in a monarch!! form; and again by vote of the Storth ing. Prince Charles of Denmark was selected as the new ruler. There were a number of the bright lights of Nor way who favored a republican form of government, but they could only mus ter to their banners about twenty per cent, of the entire vote cast. The separation of Norway from Sweden by vote of the Storthing Is but the culmination of a strugglo that goes way back to the early part of the pres ent century. The general cause as signed for the separation is the refusal of King Oscar of Sweden to grant Nor way a separate consular service of its own. But thlsoverlooks a salient fact of history. Intended Lfraccmcntcf Norway. Bernadotte, Napoleon's marshal, when invited ly the Swedish nobles to become king, pledged himself, for him self and his successors, to make it the great principle of Swedish diplomacy to gradually effect the absorption and effacement of Norway. Too nobility of Sweden hoped by this method to atone for the loss of Finland. Berna dotte was uriable to complete this pro ject, but Instead arranged a union which gave Norway many rights. His pledge he kept so far as be could and each of bis successors has felt It bind ing on him. King Oscar oL. Sweden, kind and good natured, wouH prob ably hare been glad enough nr give the Norwegians their separate consu lar service, but for the promise made by his ancestor. Throughout the elghty-Bcven years that the line of Bernadotte haa been on the Swedish throne Norway bas never relinquished the demand for In dependence, and the fruition of this great dream is certain to bo followed by determined efforts toward progress. They are Intensely democratic, arc the Norwegians, in marked contrast to the Swedes, who have the habit of aris toe racy strongly fixed upon them. There are satd to be only five noble families In Norway, while there are three thousand in Sweden. Outwitting the Russian Came. With such difference in tempera ment many expected the people of Norway to vote for a republic, but since the separation becamo a certain ty there has never been a moment that anything but a monarchy was possible. Had a republic been selected, such a government would have gotten little sympathy from any of the powers of Europe, so that Russia, which has al ways cast longing eyes at Norway, might easily absorb the Norwegians when the time for the blow came. The split between Sweden and Norway seemed to offer a new chance for Rus sia to pounce upon the little mouse. but the cleverness of the diplomats or Norway in selecting King Edward's nephew as ruler and thereby making England an ally, thwarts Russia in all efforts to absorb the new monarchy. With Prince Carl, second son of Crown Prince Christian of Denmark, the new King of Norway, the Berna dottes do not cease to reign over the upper half of the Scandinavian penin sula, popular opinion notwithstanding. The mother of the new Norwegian King was at one time Princess of Swe den and Norway; her father, Charles XV., ruled over the union prior to King Oscar ll.'s accession to the throne. Kins Haakon VII. . The King Is a young man of thirty- try of his birth Denmark, under ti e dominion of which Norway remained for four hundred years. S! other IliUkoiiS Lave ruled Norway iu -r past when the Norsemen were free. The Brat thing King iia&kon win be expected to do Is to develop Nor weglan shipping and maritime trade. The tinder that started the quarrel be tweca Norway tad Sweden was a de mand for a separate consular service. Now she will have her own consul. Free to act Independently of Swe den. Norway will now have a chance to stride forward, making. It Is be lieved, far greater progress than her neighbor. The p-ople of the United States can testify to the admirable at tributes of such Norwegians aa come to our shores and make their homes with us; they are Industrious and make the best of ciliaens. It Is un derstood to be the aim of the new King to try to keep as many of this Industrious class at home, offering them Inducements In the way of estab lishing new Industries. In a short time he hopes by this method to cause a wave of prosperity to sweep vm the entire kingdom. , Dr. Frldtjof Nansen. the famous Arc tic explorer, was largely responsible for the movement that caused Norway to seek a King in .the person of Prince Charles of Denmark. Many Americana had honed that the new King would select Dr. Nansen as Norway's first minister to the United States, but It seems that he has been chosen to rep- reee&t Norway at the London court. DISINFECTED BARBERS. Our German cousins hare gone far ahead of us la hygienic requirements with referenee to barber nopa, ac cording to Consul General Uueuther, of Frankfort The municipal restrictions apply not only to the uteuslls and cosmetic, hut "A CLOSE SHAVE" . t with - The Star Safety Razor TRICU, $ I.M Outfit, $3.53 to ttiCO A Revelation of speed and efficiency comMnrd with comfort and ABSOLUTE MX'UKITY no r.xrnwinNcu nkckssauy 8AVIS TIMH AND MONIiY FREE OFFER J200 In prizes for the best written story Subject: "A' Close Shave For further ..instructions, catitlojjuo and other niloruuiUou. address KAHPFE DROTIIERS Mauufactarra of STAIi SAFETY KAZOKS AND SUITLIICS 0 READS 8TRECT, NEW YORK CITY 4 COGULAX AJr.lJW.Vtf UMIT. 'Noch tier Kaiser" Rear Admiral Has Uulookvd forCelebratlort-Re tlrca Next Year.' One of the most troubled men in Uncle Sam's Navy, on a certain Satur day last month was Roar Admiral Coghlan, commandant of the New York Navy Yard. He discovered It was his sixty-first birthday. According to all accounts the ad miral did not, or would not, know bis age. His headquarters In the old frame building at the. yard was fra grant when be walked upstairs yester day morning. Sixty-one American Beauty roses were on his desk. At the entrance the admiral halted. THE ItOYAL FAMILY. i ' iSuU let" J even to the personal cleanlinc of the barber himself. The following rule have recenly been promulgated by the government ef a lurge German city: The cut-off hair must at once be re moved; the floor of the shop must bo washed at least twice r week; coJJ and hot running water must be sup plied, and the barber must wash bU bands with warm water before attend ing to a customer. No cretonne or carpets are permitted in burlier Hhops. The head rest must be covered for each customer with a fnnu napkin of paiier or linen. The employees munt wear clean, long upper garments of slit color, without pockets. The soap nsed must be In form of powder or small tablets. The lather from razors must be re moved by means of paper. Instead of sponges nieces of woolen cloth or napkins bare to be used. Alum or magnesia can only be nsed, kept in a powder box. The bowls and shaving brushes must be cieanea eacn time after having been ued. Nobody is allowed to be shaved suffering from visible skin disease, unless the pro prietor of the barber shop is con vlnced that it is not contagious. Sponges, powder puffs, magnesia and typtlca in lumps, and revolving brushes are prohibited. Scissors, brushes, and combs, as well as the balr-cutt!ng machines and razors, must be c lea tied with ammonia or soda and an antiseptic eolation. HAAKON'S VIKING FLEET. Was no Repeater. A young Irishman, who had married wbon but nineteen, complained of the difficulties of married life and swore he'd never marry so young again if he lived to be the age of Methuselah, . The longest lane had a turning, It is part of nature's plan. And the river wide, we lax beside. Is crossed by a single span. The longest night has a morning; The sun never falls to rise. And the mountains of doubt we worry about Arc stepping stones to the skies, three, of gentlemanly appearance, in excellent heaJih and of a very easy going, liberal tnrn of mind. He is by nature well fitted to rule over the stub. born Norsemen, who do not mind the harness so long as they do not feel the whip. He is a typical sailor, and this fact alone will make him popular in Norway. Another circumstance In favor of King-Charles or King Haakon VII., as he -will be styled, is that he understands the language of the Nor wegian people;-their traditions 'md history are part of those of the coua- "Corporal, why those lloweri?" "Congratulations, Admiral," Captain Crouln bu.st out, stalking Into the house, "and many more to you." "Many more what? asked Admiral Coghlan, looking worried. "Ulrthdays, sir," said the captain "Isn't this your slxty nratr Admiral Coghlan looked for his chair. Cood Lord," ho ejaculated, "am I as old as that?" All day the congratulations poured In. There was a tinge of sadness In them, because one year more and Uear Admiral Coghlan will bo retired, according to the naval regulations. He Insists that ho is in no need of the official chloroform and Is good for and anxious for many years of active service. PENSIONS fSSBBsasssssasssassssssaaMBMBjasaBSB Over one Million Dollars allowed our clients during the last six years. Over one Thousand clalms&Howcd through as dur ing the last six mouths. Dis ability, Arfo and In crease pensions obtained In the shortest possible time. Widows' claims a specialty. Usually granted within 90 days if placed with as immedi ately on soldier's death. Tees fixed hy law and payable out of allowed pension. A successful experience of a years and benefit cu daily calls at Tension Bureau are at your service. IIi;lict ref erences furnished. Local Magis trates pecuniarily bonolited by sending us claims. TABLR & WHITMAN CO., Warder Bid' , Washington, D. . SILOS plna, Fir, Crt ""d Yatlow Pum. Wiila U Cauloffua, Eagla Tank Co., 231 N. Green 8t.t Chicago, 111. IF YOU WANT A JACK Svnd for onr Tar Catat'ru. Kura In ron tain Ilia Urition of aactly what yua wc.t Hydraulic Jock our Ppcciully WatsuiifBUlliuan Co., 40 lr nu, N. T. City. The most expensive tea Is known fls "gold tip." It Is worth from forty to fifty dollars a pound. On every tea bush grow four or five little gold tips. Great caro Is taken in gathering and preserving them. A plantation of three or four .thousand acres will yield oidy a few pounds of "gold tip." A Tension Indicator T?SV K JUST THE VORD IMPLIES. It Indicates z the. state o! the tension at a glance. Its use means time saving and easier sewing. It's our own lnrentbn and is found only on the White Sewing Machine. We have other striking improvements that appeal to the careful buyer. Send for our elegant H. T. catalog. White Soto Machine Co. Cleveland, Ohio. ATof a lattghlog Matter. A TjomDous. plethoric Englishman was ascending: the front steps of one of our sky-scrapers, when a bustling, cowboy style of a young man, rusnea oast him. giving him a vigorous map upon that part of his anatomy which a very tight pair of corduroy pants made especially conspicuous. Looking back, the young man, much to his em barrassment, perceived the jsngusn man waa an entire stranger. "I be your pardon, my dear sir- he said, "I thought you were Haw kins." The Englishman straightened him self, and with a moat disgusted ex pression cried out, "wno me i is 'Awkins? 'Awkins may like that sort of a thing but HI don't" Ti 'A 'iff' 7i Horace to Suaaa. The ballot and the bullet go to gether,' Horace Greeley once said to Susan Anthony. "You women say you want to vote; are you prepared to fight, too 7 " "Yes. Mr. Greeley," answered Miss Anthony, "we are prepared to fight exactly as you have always fought with tne point ci a Qo:e quia." cati 9 a Uakc Up, Old Man Hake Up! BE A BOOK-KEEPER! BE A nKST-CLAS3 liOOK-KEHPER You "Will Never Pall Asleep Over Tour Work or he troubled or long columns of fljrurtfsV If you nfc riun haaa and monter tlia content of 'Coodwla'i Improved Boolukccplsr "! Blcs Masasl.'' Till, hook is nut a luxury but a neur al y particularly to tha profrc&Mvc. It leads directly to suMcy-sisUsf aud iMacrsavir, Yo can burn from It ttlthla all arrrkt' anmc itadf how to open, Wp and clots, ANT set of riouule-vutry books In tha mont inoduru, "up- lo-oat" mnnnw; cnanxa irotn singia 10 aouDte-eniry; loraite errors m iruu natanooa; prove pontine; improve sy.tvma; anilllaocountH; avcniije account.; cotjiauta intere Uvxok book LcfplnKlonro mom rssaji expert; Have one-third labor; make "balance sheets:" n-uihr utiiDaratlve statement; kern books for or manure a stock enmnaav or aianafscturiar cosccri, and moreHILCU store I Why Co to Colleze" to Learn Book-keepinrx and spend from $60 to $900 of money and from I (0 1 months of time to h'ftrn an antlqimtH gyittwn, full of superfluitiM!, when tha undrrslKued, who has hnd 81 year' prautlnul experlnnce m an accountant, will, for tha small sum of $3.00, qusllf y, you at yor Ows some within 6 w(wk' time to fill AN Y position where a (IrM-Cla&S book-kecptr m7 he reuired or KKFUND MONKYI Could yon uik for anyihlnir fairer! fries (for book and "coiiine," A3 00. Hend for further imrUcuuua, or enoloas S3. 00 ia maimer dlreotod below, and you will ''get roar noney's wortJil" I find Positions. Too, Everywhere, Free I The undewlRned supplies more busineashooaMi with book-keepers than any tn "00m mnrclnl nohoola" whiuh could be named, and there is a sreaU-r demand for COODWIN BOOK KfF.Pt'RS than for any other kind, blstarioe and experienne numaUrlal. Have T.UJJ TW3XIMONIAL8 from rUI'lLSI Perhaps 1 cun place YOU, TOO I rrsT" A eopy of "Goodwin's Practical InHtniotlon for IHmlnww Men" (an extremely III 1. ...... tnw . k Ui iiiluov a thniu, wilin will cutout this 'card," pin $ 00 to it, and send for the book and "course" above adverted; so be sure to ell ber use it vournlf or to hand U to somobody else to iumh-M It Is worth OtiM VOL LAB IM CAHU XO.lUB UHV.Kt J. II. GOODWIN nnnm436. 1215 Uroadwaw. . - NEW YORK fflS3ffi?55ju!l!3iu'ws