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About The Columbia register. (Houlton, Columbia County, Or.) 1904-1906 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 17, 1905)
m THE AMERICAN GRAPE INDUSTRY. A Great and Increasing Branch of Horticulture. Git cuiott wrrottu. "The irar la ths poor man fruit, e dally one who hut only a houee lot or the emalWt possible illmenRlone. He cn plant vmee teiae nta pouatr nu , root will extfmt and profitably occupy every Inch of ground uiuterneairt It ana from that email pc produce all the fruit hit familv can cvnaume. hile the vine afford ahaile and protection ma beauty to hi little bom, occupying no par, either iKvt or below the ground to Interfere with other interests, and producing more fruit In leaa titna and with lesa labor and attention than aay UUnc that was ever planted." All of which is charming la truth Unless the phylloxera or the downy mildew or the arhia or the dry rot be come appurtenances to tine, or the chickens or small boys or the neigh borhood steal ail the grapes just as they are getting ripe Chickens, however, should be kert In pens, and if every small boy's father had a grape vine which furnished "all the fruit his family could consume," there would be no incentive to pillage the neighbor's vines. As for the downy mildew and the other ailments to which civilized grape 30.000.000, Onto third vita U.000000 and Kansas. Ulrhlran. rvnnnvlvanla Missouri. Oklahoma, Illinois, Indiana. urorgui ana iowa wun g.wu.wj or less each. California alone had a Quarter of a million acres in vineyards with an annual production of 30.000.000 gallons of wine. The Investment represented in that State alone is estimated at $5, 000,000. Wlnt Tank as Bl as a House. The writer once climbed to the top of a tingle cask at Fresno. California, which contained 96,000 gallons of port wine. There are hundreds of casks throughout the State with a capacity of 53,000 gallons each. The annual raisin production of California amounts to about 90.000.000 pounds, while about 25.000.000 pounds of these raisin grapes are shipped East every year as table grapes. Last year the Chautauqua district In New York produced 600.000 gallons of unfermented grape juice. These figures give some Idea of our fen- I 1 1 f-V';" at mm. 'm v ' BJ" 1 s SetoVt'SS Graces From One Vine Largest Grape Vine in the World, SantaBarbara California. Tines are heir, horticultural Investiga tions have shown that they can be corn batted wth comparative ease by spray ing, and rot not only prevented but the vine stimulated to even, greater than normal production. As a matter of fact, the grape In dustry In the United States when con sidered both as a large commercial proposition and as one where each man has his own vine. If not fig tree, Is one of a great deal of importance and of great Interest. Count Their Age by Centuries. Although the product of its fruit Is accountable for much that Is unseemly an''', frivolous, the vine Is Itself an ob ject of great age and dignity. It is not known how old the grape will grow in America, since we have not been here long enough to make the test, even had a vine been planted with the landing of Columbus. Pliny mentions an Old World grape vine 00 years of age. Some entire vineyards in Italy held good for 300 years and others In Bur gundy produced for 400 years and more. I site J&P - - . v PACKING CONCORD GRAPES, LAKE KEUKA, XEW YORK. These were cultivated vines. Doubt less native vines grow to much great er ages. The vlticulturist of the Department of Agriculture, George C. Husmann, states that he has never seen a vine among the endless number of natives abounding in our forests that has die 1 from the effects of age. Some old grape vines grow to immense size. There is a wild grape vine on the shores of Mo bile Bay under which Andrew Jackson twice pitched his tent in his cam palgns against the Semlnoles, which has a circumference of over six feet, with a supposed age of about 100 years. The Size ftf a Creat Tree. The largest known grape vine In the world was planted in California in 1842. It has made a phenomenal growth. Beneath its spreading branches, which cover nearly half an acre, 80i) nersons can find nrotection from the sun's heat. It bears from six to ten tons of grapes for a crop and the cir rumferenpe of Its trunk is eicht feet. While the wine Industry Is by far the most important feature of grape grow Ing. enormous quantities of table irranoa nro raised and bv means of Im proved transportation facilities sent to all parts or tne country, me v,uu cords, the Dela wares and the Niagaras come from the North, the Scuppernongs from the South and the Flame Tokays and other sugary raisin grapes from the Pacific coast The last census reported 12 States having In hearing over 2,000,000 vines each, California being firBt with 90, 000,000 Tines, New York second with grape Industry, which, while It Is only about 50 years old, Is small as com pared to that of the world whose an nual production is over 4,000,000,000 gallons of wine. Other products of the grape are rais ins an enormous Industry la itself brandy, vinegar, grape Frrup, a very superior article, and various pickles, jellies and preserves. The grape furnishes also important by-products. Feed and fertilizer are produced from the pomace, also acetic add. The seeds are separated from the pomace and fed to stock the same as grain. Ground up, they are used as a substitute for coffee. A hlrh grade oil similar to olive oil is also produced from the seeds, which, among other thiegs. make superior soap. They also yield tannin. Mr. Husmann estimates that if all the wastes of the grape crop were utilized extra returns would increase its value fully 10 per cent, which, with our pres ent grape production to the value of abcut $15,000,000, would medn an ad ditional earning of a million and a half. and this with our viticultural industry as yet In its infancy. laciXMsiajr ITVafla in lh trs(. la commenting oa tha seed which has hitherto manifested iUelt la the West tor calling upon Eastern money centers tor funds with which to movs Western crops, a York financial Utter states that with conditions as they were tea years ago, the present record-breaking crop would have strained the capacity of the New York financial centers to the utmost to fur nlsa sufficient funds. So greatly, how ever, has the wealth of the West In creased and so Urge are the surplus reserves of the farmers that even with crops so stupendous as to aroase Eu rope, Now York financiers have betn hardly inconvenienced by the demands for fund. Ia a not distant future It Is predicted the West of the .Mississippi Valley and of the Missouri Yallev as well will be found exclusively lending cnicmxs as cikdsssru SCUPFERXONQ WIXERY, NORTH CAROLINA. or advancing money with which to move tho crops that are grown la the remoter regions of the Southwest or the distant Northwest. No expert can estimate accurately the gains that will come this year to the farmers, the surplus that will be left for them after paying expenses, which represents their profits. Some of the most experienced experts have ventured to estimate that the farmers of the United States this ytar as a whole will find themselves to the good by not less than 1300.000.000, and possibly $100. 000.000. These are the gains as well as those which the great transportation companies expect to receive for carry ing the agricultural products from the harvest fields to the market to which Mr. Vanderlip referred in his address to the National Bankers Association at Washington. The United States as a whole ought to be richer by reason of the year's industry, agricultural and manufacturing and transportation, by an amount considerably in excess of a thousand millions. GASOLIXE POWER EXCISES, Constitutes Creat Savins: In Horse and Man Power - Have Coma Into General Use on Many Prosperous Farms and Homes. Inexpensive, reliable power oa the farm and around the home Is becom ing more and more desirable these days when unskilled labor Is so high and hard to procure. Gasoline engines, which when started practically take care of themselves, are rapidly sup planting steam engines and horse pow er, the operation of which requires con stant attention. Tne difference In the cost of operating and the advantage of starting at a moment's notice has ad vanced the popularity of gasoline en gines where comparatively small power is required in contrast with other power devices. A few years ago we heard but little about gasoline engines for use on the fannB, while to-day we find many of them on up-to-date farms and s ma I business plants. This growing inter est has been brought about largely through the improvements that have Feeding Oleo to the Xary, Considerable of a sensation haa de veloped over the furnishing to League Island navy yard. Philadelphia, of but ter which analysis has proven to be simply oleomargarine colored with coal tar dye. Samples were taken from the government receiving ship Lancaster, several battle ships and cruisers and from the hospitals of the navy yard by agents of the Pennsylvania Dairy and food Commission. Dr. Warren, the State Commissioner, declared them to be specimens of coal tar oleo and after considerable controversy, at the in stance of President Roosevelt, they were finally submitted to Dr. Wiley, the chief chemist of the Department of Ag riculture, who In a full report has sus tained Dr. Warren's findings. Secre tary Wilson has referred the report to the President, who has. It is stated, called the attention of the Department of Justice to the matter. Several ar rests have already been made. In speaking, however, of the substi tution of oleomargarine for butter in the market, Dr. Wiley said that at pres. ent the amount of oleomargarine sold In this country whether fraudulently as butter or when marked as oleo Is quite small. The government has ren dered the making and sale of the stuff unprofitable by levying 10 cents a pound on all that is artificially colored, and half a cent on the uncolored. Foreigners Refuse Colored Butters. "Coal tar dyes," said Dr. Wiley, "are not fatally harmful, though by no means wholesome, and dairymen are permitted under the law to use such coloring matter to impart to their but ter a rich yellow color. To render thi3 unnecessary, the Department of Agri culture is now trying to educate the popular taste in favor of uncolored but ter, and we are making some headway. Over in Europe one never encounters colored butter in any of the hotels or first class markets. The people there have learned to distrust It We are coming to this In the United States. To day first-class hotels and fancy gro ceries will not buy butter that has a IMgh color. Our epicures and those that live well are also fighting shy ol It, and as a result the dairymen are be ginning to realize that the bottle of coal tar dye ls.no longer a necessary adjunct to a successful dairy." A GRAPE BY-PRODUCT FACTORY, been made by manufacturers during lute years in simplifying the working parts of the engines so that the aver age man can operate them with the ease of an expert As a matter of fact, a bright boy can handle a modern gas oline engine with but little teaching. Take the farmer who has never seen a gasoline engine and let him Htirt and stop one a few times and study some of the principles of operating it and in a few (Jays Le will become as familiar with its workings as he would with a team of horses or a tread-mill. The general usefulness of a machine of this sort on a farm is apparent. There Is en3ilage to cut, wood to saw, feed to grind, corn to shell, water to pump, In fact a multitude of things that can be done with a gasoline en gine at small expense. Caa Da Taught to full Wtwda ana Harvest Grain, "I see as how a scientific perfesser has trained a yiltcr dorg to count tea an' answer fool questions," said the hired man to the tourist. "Wy that ain't nothln. I knows an old feller back yere la tu Valley what beats that all to flinders, lWgan raisin' chickens when he was a boy. I seen some bantams ho had no blggvrn' fleas an' game birds what c'd stop over a six-foot fence. Hut that ain't nothln. Last time 1 was down 't his place he had a hundord acre farm an bout ton thousand chickens, an' was raUIu truck for early northern markets. Powerful big cliki.en they was, an' ho hud 'em trulucd mt's tlioy'd work hi farm for him. They wnxn't a wid nur a bl.ulo o' gm lu that whole farm 'cvp'u In the imsturvs. Au' but:? wy they cudn't a tutor bug, nur a cut worm, nur eveu a cublxico flea get a foot inside o that farm afore a rhlcken had 'liu. Au' that wasn't all. Them chickens c'd see at night Guess he must a' rrosaed Vm with owls. Anyways, he nt'ver worried none 'bout curly frost. If 'twas cold lu the spring tlieni chickens was out all night covorln' np tomatoes an bcaus an' ev'ytMu' teudcr. Jot juat over the plants with their wings spread out n" set tliere till sun up He had tomatoes tlmi wovks ahead o' any body else. An' that wasn't all. When he planted his lxets en turnips en passulps lie sowed Vm powerful thick au' as soon as they'd get up 'Uutt right sire thorn chickens come along an thin 'em out Jest right Fine entln' for 'em. too. Au 'tween times they was going up sn down tln rows nil day long srmMitn' rp i!( dirt an' keephY ev'ythln cultivated Jest par fevt. Wy that feller never had a hoe In his hnu' from one year end to an other. An lay! Oee whlx! Them hens was the stlddlest layers I ever see. Hut tiny didn't use no nest. Jest laid lu rvg'lar egg crates. An' fast as one layer was full the hens in charge o' tho layln' house 'd grub up a new frame an' drop It In the crate. I see 'em fill sixty-odd crates o' eggs la. -one forenoon. "Hut that ain't nothln Them hens was so big an powerful thoy c'd do almost as much as a hired man. I see a wagon full o seed wheat come along past his house. An" there was a little hole In tho wagon an' the wheat was a runnln' out all along the road. Well sir, that feller Jest drove 'bout five hundred chickens out In the road and put down a lot o sacks an' they wont to pickin' up that need wheat faster'n you or I c'd nick un tntnrs. They getherod up 'bout forty bunln l. in me sacks? Wy f course They wm thee roosters a hoMIn' each sack, an' when a sack was full they'd whip a tie roun the neck, sot it up agin the fence nn' grab up another. They was Blch big powerful chickens, you know. An that wasn't nil nei ther. He had some whopplu' roosters, nn he sharpened up their spurs in the fall nn' had eni outtln' corn betrcr'n you or I c'd with n corn knife, nn Ktaekln' it up Jest n reg Inr. But shucks! that wasn't nothiu'. Wy I we that felller " But an lie looked around the tourist had fled in horror. Chinese "Cash." Consular reports from China are to the effect that the prospect of a re form or rather revolution In the money system of thut Empire is not very bright In spite of the promises to that end which have been made. There are a number of Influential elements pre venting tne cnange which nations do ing business In China have asked, among others the bankers who profit by the great variations In values of the same kind of coins In different cities as well as the provincial officials who mint them. The money of the people Is still brass and copper, and to Introduce a new system will be diffi cult owing to the dread on the part of the public of anything; new. Gold and silver may continue to control the price paid for exports, but copper ami brass will for a long time govern production. John Adams was the author of the motto, "E Plurlbus Unum." I ..n-.-.i II , II I I i I in I'm HI I I I .1 . .11 wmffimi DANGERS OF Tiiifi NIGHT. OOOOOCCOOOOOOOOOOCCOOOOOOO NO OTHER WAGONS APPROACH h Perfect Adaptability Under t!i Conditions to The Strong Old Hickory rv 1 Sl r MANUFAOTURKO IV ! ii; Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Co. ji i: LOUISVILLE, KY. i; ! I LARGEST PRODUCERS OF FARM WAGONS IN THE WORLD j ' AMERICAN CROWN SOAP t s ritwj anap, conaUtency of p. parfact clcanaar (or automobile mavhlQary and si' vahtclei; wilt not Irjura tba moat hlfhly polial.rd lurfaca, Matla (roru para vtgvtabto oil. K your dealer loi not carry American Crown Heap In itock, aaod vi hit nam sod sJJraM and we will tea that yoor wants are tapphad. Iutupiol3ttKaiil60bpana. James S. Kirk & Company CUICAGO. ILL, A Quarter of Century of unfailing servico BOOKS BOOKS We hava pnblUhed totns rood ones spec lallr aulted (or farmer. Uooka thai mM ever? farmer to make mors out othls Una Write (or oar cataluf ue. WEBB PUBLISHING CO. 8U l'aul Minn Well Drilling Machines CbrT 70 alza and atvloa tnr rttllni either deep or shallow ells in any kin of soil or rock. Mounted on wheels or Sills. With enHnr or himu nnwr Strong, simple and durable. Any me chanic can operate them easily. SLID TOR CATALOCl't WILLIAM BROS., Ithaca, N. Y. 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