CIVIL WAR
Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan
' THIS
pWAS THE
By MERTON T. AKERS I
United Press International
President Lincoln's plan to
reconstruct the Union with the
coming of peace began to take
shape in December 1863.
He outlined the plan in his
State of the Union message de
livered to Congress on Dec. 9.
As a part of the plan he add
ed a general offer of amnesty
to the Confederates.
The dim face of victory for
Northern arms was forming and
Lincoln could glimpse it. But
he was cautious about defining
it.
". . .we must not lose sight
of the fact that the war power
is still our main reliance," he
told Congress.
"To that power alone can we
look, yet for a time, to give
confidence to the people in the
contested regions, that the in
surgent power will not again
overrun them. Until that confi
dence shall be established, little
can be done anywhere for what
is called reconstruction.
"Hence our chiefest care
must still be directed to the
Army and Navy, who have thus
far borne their harder part so
nobly and well. And it may be
esteemed fortunate that in giv
ing the greatest efficiency to
these indespensable arms, we
do also honorably recognize the
gallant men, from commander
to sentinel, who compose them,
and to whom, more than to
others, the world must stand
indebted for the home of free
dom disenthralled, regenerated,
enlarged and perpetuated."
Amnesty Plan
The reconstruction and am
nesty plan was in the form of
a proclamation.
His proclamation offered to
take back into the Union any
Confederate state which would
establish a loyal government
by a vote of one-tenth or more
of the registered voters of
1860. To be eligible each voter
was required to take an oath
to uphold the Constitution and
all acts of Congress and presi
dential proclamations concern
ing slavery.
The amnesty offer excluded
officials of "the so-called Con
federate government," anyone
above the rank of army colonel
or navy lieutenant in its armed
services, anyone who left the
Federal Congress or courts to
aid the rebellion, all U. S.
Army or Navy officers who re
signed their commissions at
the start of the war and any
who had mistreated prisoners
of war, white or Negro.
He ended the proclamation
by saying, ". . .while the mode
presented is the best the execu
tive can suggest, with his pres
ent impressions, it must not be
understood that no other possi
ble mode could be acceptable."
Caused Showdown
Within six months the procla
mation would cause a showdown
between the President and Rad
ical Republicans in Congress
over the reconstruction prob
lem.
Already there was agitation in
the North for a constitutional
amendment to abolish slavery.
ready had been introduced
One of its chief exponents was
Wendell Phillips, long time abo
litionist and foreceful speaker.
He was stumping the North try
ing to arouse public opinion for
the amendment. Two bills al
ready had been introduced
one in the House and one in
the Senate to send such an
amendment to the states for
ratification. At this point Lin
coln was keeping hands off.
The President's policy brought
down Phillips' wrath. He was
too slow, Phillips said. He was
trying to be President of all
the people loyal slave own
ers in the border state where
the Emancipation Proclamation
was not in effect, as well as
abolitionists everywhere. He
was doing something but not
doing something but not
enough, fast enough, the vocal
abolitionist contended.
Lincoln could and did point
out his Emancipation Proclama
tion naa been in effect nearly
year, mat many thousands
of slaves had been freed and
that slave revolts, freely pre
dicted by Southerners and
Northerners alike, had not occurred.
John Hay, one of the Presi
dent's secretaries, went to the
capitol to hear the clerk read
his chief's message.
Whatever may be the re
sults or the verdict of history,"
Hay wrote in his diary that day
"the immediate effect is some
thing wonderful . . . Men acted
as if the Millennium had come.
(Sen. Zachariah) Chandler (R
Mich.) was delighted. Sen.
Charles Sumner (R-Mass) was
beaming." (both were Radi
cals.) Davis Reports
Two days before Lincoln sent
his message to the capitol,
President Jefferson Davis of the
Confederacy reported to his
Congress.
The military scene was not
as rosy as it had been a year
before. He had several reverses
to account for and he put the
best possible face on them.
"The hope last year enter
tained of an early termination
of the war has not been real
ized." he told the Richmond
Congress. "Could carnage nave
satisfied the appetite of our en
emy for the destruction of hu
man life, or arief have appeased
their wanton desire to inflict
human suffering, there has
been bloodshed enough on both
sides, and two lands have been
sufficiently darkened by the
weeds of mourning to induce a
disposition to peace.
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9
PLANS OUTLINED On Dec. 9, 1863, Presi
dent Lincoln outlined his plans to reconstruct
the South in his State of the Union message
to Congress. Although he still looked to his
armed forces as an instrument of policy, he
planned a proclamation of amnesty. Two
days earlier, President Jefferson Davis sent
his message to the Confederate Congress.
The military scene was not as rosey as it
had been a year ago and he could see no
early end to the war. Shown here in drawings
are Lincoln, left, and Davis. (UPI)
Davis could see no early end
to the war.
"They refuse even to listen
to proposals for the only peace
possible between us a peace
which. . .may leave the two
peoples separately to recov
er. . ."
Gen. Robert E. Lee s invas-1
ion of Pennsylvania and the
battle of Gettysburg forced
"their armies to cross the Po
tomac and fight in defense of
their own capital and homes,"
Davis said, ". . .and in the hard
fought battle of Gettysburg in
flicted such severity of punish
ment as disabled them from
early renewal of the campaign. .
"Unfortunately the communi
cations on which our general
relied for receiving his supplies
and munitions were interrupted
by extraordinary floods which
so swelled the Potomac as to
render impassable the fords. . .
and he was thus forced to a
withdrawal. . ."
Of the battles of Chickamauga
and the more recent one at
Missionary Ridge, Davis said:
"The signal defeat of General
Rosecrans (at unicKamauiiiu
was followed by his retreat into
Chattanooga. . .
iininn nnrpntration of torccs
there relived pressure on other
points, Davis said, but the re
inforcements "encouraged the
enemy to attack."
After a long anu
tie. . .some of our troops inex
plicably abandoned a position of
great strcngui.
6 .... A thai if tllP.
11 15 ueiievcu " -
troops who yielded to the as
sault had fought with the valor
they had displayed on previuu
occasions, and which was mani-
fosipH in the battle on omer
oarts of the line, me enu...,
,iri havp escaned tne mis-
! fortune and the Army the mnrti
I fication of the first defeat that
has resulted from misconauui
by the troops." '
The financial position of the
Confederacy was desperate, Da
vis continued.
With $700 million in paper
money in circulation and little
gold to back it, Davis called
for "a restoration of the cur- found a way around the con
rency to such a basis as will ! stitutional ban on a direct tax
enable the Department (of War) I which had to levied on the
to purchase necessary supplies ! states according to their popu
in the open market." Ilation. The Confederacy never
But Davis called in vain for 1 took a census and a direct tax
sound financing. Neither he nor I could not be allocated. So the
the Confederate Congress ever I printing presses rolled on.
Firemen Put Out
Two Flue Fires
The Medford fire department
was called to put out two flue
fires Saturday and to investi
gate a smoke complaint.
A flue lire at the CM. Miegcr
residence, 810 E. Jackson St.,
about 5:06 p.m. burned an area
of wall paper and caused some
smoke damage, firemen said.
Lea Motors, Fifth and Bart
lett Streets, reported that smoke
from a nearby trash fire had
drifted into their show room
about 5:19 p.m.
Some fire place doors at the
E. V. Kellogg residence, 409 J
Street, were damaged about
7:30 p.m. when the fire got
too hot firemen said. No damage
was reported other than to the
glass doors.
Hatfield Warns
Of 'Virus Of Hate'
PALM SPRINGS, Calif. (UPI)
Gov. Mark O. Hatfield of Ore
gon Saturday called on labor
and management to work to
gether with open minds rath
er than be torn apart by the
"virus of hate."
"We cannot afford this virus
of hate whether it's a political
extremism of the right or left
or in labor - management rela
tions," he said.
SECTION B
PAGES 1 to 10
MEDFORD
Tribune
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