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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 10, 1963)
THURSDAY, OCTOBER It. 1963 MEDFORD MAIL. TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. OREGON Jopoimese Mill utlcaw Mweleoiir Warheads By ARTHUR HIGBEE United Press International TOKYO (UPI) - Japan, with deep seated memories of radio active ruin and great content ment at today's civilian pros perity, needs prodding if it is to be capable of defending it self. - Slowly, the Japanese have been building up their self-de' fense forces and taking on a greater share of the cost but they take each new step with reluctance. This week U.S. Ambassador Edwin 0. Reischauer and Jap anese Foreign Minister Masa yoshi Ohira will hold another annual meeting of the U.S. Japan consultative security committee. Among those present will be Adm. Harry D. Felt, U. S. commander in the Pacific, who told a congressional com mittee last spring that Japan's defense posture was "growing slowly" but is as yet "not up to requirement to defend the islands. Most Japanese would agree but they arc nonetheless reluc tant to do anything about it. They are doing something, though the United States urges regularly that they do more, faster. U.S. military aid to Ja pan amounted to $80 billion dur ing the last 10 years but only $70 million last year. It is being phased out. Increase Defenses The Japanese had been ex pecting this. Their own defense expenditures are increasing a record $639 million this year, and a projected $750 million next year. This is still less than a fiftieth of the massive U.S. defense budget, and it constitutes less than two per cent of Japan's gross national product, as com pared to America's 10 per cent. But there is more to it than that. The United States main tains a huge military establish- l ment in the Far East, includ ing the 22,000 - man Seventh Fleet and the 27.500 - man Fifth Air Force, both of which are headquartered on rent - free bases in Japan. The mission of these and ollv er U.S. forces in the Pacific, such as the 50,000 - man Army garrison in Korea and the 14,000 military advisers in houtn Viet Nam, is the defense of the non Communist Far East. Political realities preclude Ja pan from being any more in this mission than a key supply ana maintenance base in the island defense arc that stretches from the Aleutians down through Ja pan to Okinawa, Formosa and the Philippines. But a bigger effort by Japan in the defense of her own islands might cut somewhat the expense of U.S. forces in Japan. More Flexibility Aside from financial consider ations, a bigger Japanese effort would give U.S. forces more flexibility elsewhere in the Far East. Japan's postwar constitution states than "land, sea and air Forces, as well as other war potential, will never be main tained." Cold war realities have caused Japan to stretch this claue. In stead of having an army, navy and air force she has ground, maritime and air self-defense forces. In Adm. Felt's words, Japan "has a very respectable mili tary force today," the more so in that she started trom notning in 1050. That was the year that war broke out next door in Korea and Gen. Douglas MacArthur, the father of Japan's anti-war constitution, authorized a "po lice reserve force" of 75,000 men, armed only with carbines Today, Japans ground, air and maritime self-defense forces total a quarter-million men, manning 13 army division, 80S American - designed jet fighters and a navy that includes two dozen destroyers, six subma rines and plans for helicopter carriers. Japan's ground forces are equipped with Nike-Ajax anti aircraft missiles, its planes with sidewinder heat- homing mis siles. Significantly, neither type can carry interchangeable con ventional or nuclear warheads. Japan does not want a missile that could. She possesses no nuclear arms of her own, nor does she per mit the United States to bring nuclear warheads into Japan. Any serious attempt to do ei ther would bring down the gov ernment. Up close, the new sell-defense force presents marked contrasts with the defunct Imperial Army and Navy. The most obvious differences are in mission today's troops cannot serve abroad even as part of a United Nations peace keeping force and in size. At the height of the second world war, Japan had 10 million men in uniform (and lost 2,300,000 dead). The old Imperial Army pri vate got five dollars a month and was systematically punched and kicked by his superiors. To day's recruit gets $25 a month, the same food and quarters as his officers and can quit at any time. Last year a first lieutenant who so far forgot himself as to slap several recruits for snicker ing in the ranks when he chewed them out for sloppiness at in spection was suspended for 20 days and transferred to another post. The old Imperial Army had field marshals. Highest rank in today's self-defense force is lieutenant general. The top lieutenant - generals, however, are permitted to wear four stars instead of three, so they won't feel inferior to four-star visitors. Drawn From Academy The new system has the de fects of its anti militarist vir tues. A larg proportion of the officers are graduates of the old Imperial Military Academy, an exclusive institution that drew the top three per cent of students from the best high schools. But admission to today's self defense college is less competi tive, and looked upon less as the entry to a proud career than as a free education. Last year many of the top graduates went immediately into civilian life. Many line regiments are under-manned by as much as half, because of drop - outs and a shortage of recruits. At present the forces have 29,000 openings. Inevitably, there have been complaints. After a veteran pi lot was killed in a crash last spring, his squadron command er resigned and wrote a maga zine article saying that his me chanics were under trained and over-worked. Yoshitaka Iforie, a military affairs analyst and a 1936 grad uate of the Imperial Military Academy (whose site west of Tokyo is occupied today by a U.S. Army supply base), recent ly remarked, "not even lip serv ice is accorded the notion that duty consists of defending the motherland." Fanaticism Gone Despite the shortcomings, American officers who have worked with the self defense force describe its personnel as generally dedicated and hard working, with the professional spirit still in evidence but the fanaticism happily absent. The defense agency does not rank as a full-fledged govern ment department, though its di rector general has ministerial rank. The present chief is Toku yasu Fukuda, 56, a career pol itician. Like all his predecessors he wants to improve the force's im age. One way is to send the troops in to help with rescue and repairs after one of Japan's fre quent typhoons, earthquakes or lond slides. "My predecessors have aimed at making the self-defense force loved by the people," Fukuda said frankly on taking office this summer. "I would like it to go forward to where it is respected by the people, and trusted by the people." All this may come to pass and the sooner the better, as far as Japan's heavy - burdened American allies are concerned. It is doubtful, however, that the Japanese military will ever again be feared or held in awe by the people. Oregon Supreme Court Decisions & Your Money's Worth By SYLVIA PORTER Copyright, Hall Syndicate, Inc. WHAT THE TAX BILL MEANS TO YOU - IV (Fourth in a Series of 10 Columns) You may pay a smaller lax on profits you make from sales of stock, other securities and real estate next year, for your capital gains could become eligible for even bigger tax breaks than now If the 1963 tax bill becomes law. For the great majority of individuals, capital gains are now taxed as follows: 1 you held your, securities, real estate, etc., for six months or less before selling, your profit Is fully taxable ordinary income, just as your salary is. If you wait more than six months before selling, your profit becomes long-term capital gain. This automatically cuts your taxable profit in half and the net tax rate on your entire long-term capital gain cannot amount to more than 25 per cent. Thus, under the present tax law, you can get a valuable tax break by holding your stocks, etc., more than six months before selling at a profit. Next year, the 1963 tax bill would add a third, even more favor able category of capital gains called Class A capital gain. Specifi cally, if you held your stock for more than two years, then only 40 per cent of the full gain would be taxed instead of the present 50 per cent. The maximum tax rate on the full profit could not exceed 21 per cent. If you held your assets more than six months hut not more than two years before sale at a profit, this would produce a Class B capital gain. In this case, the present rate on long term capital gains would apply: only 511 per cent of the gain would be included In your taxable Income, subject to no more than a 25 per cent rale on your entire profit. Since the 1063 tax bill also would cut individual tux rates in 1964, you could get a double tax break on capital Rains from sales made in 1964. For the amount you would take into income as a Class A capital gain would fall from 50 per cant to 40 per cent and the amount taxable as income would be subject to lower tax rates. To illustrate how this could work out, suppose you are a single person with $12,000 of taxable income or a married person with $24,000 of taxable income apart from capital gains. Suppose you also own some shares of stock which you have held fur 10 months and on which you have a $1,000 pacr profit and some shares which you have held for over two years on which you have a $2,000 paper profit. If you sell both in the remaining weeks of 1963, your tax bill on the profits will be $645 (tax on 50 per cent of $3,000). If you wait until January, Wfrt, to sell and if the bill is law by then, your tax on these profits would drop to $467.50 (lax at lower rates on 50 per cent of $1,000 plus 40 per cent of $2,000). Because of these possible favorable changes in bulh individual lax rates and taxation of very long-term capital gains, you should carefully weigh the advisability of any sales during the balance of 1963. You may be able to liefer some sales Into l!)CI, thus giving yourself a crack at lower tux costs If the bill Is enacted, hut without hurling yourself If the bill does not become law. Of course, you may want to sell stock this year which you already have held more than two years. If this is so, discuss with your broker the possibility of a short sale. An analysis of the tech nique of short selling cannot be made in this limited space, but. In brief, a short sale now could nail down your present profit, while covering the short sale next year would make your profit taxable under the new rules for 1964, assuming the House-passed tax bill becomes law. You also would get a better tax break on capital losses under the bill. Under today's rules, if you sell securities, real estate, etc., at a capital loss and you cannot use up the loss in the year oi sale, you can carry il over for the next five years. But any part of the loss you have not used up by that lime Is then wasted as a tax deduction. Under the bill, this provision would be changed to permit an indefinite carry-over for as many years as are necessary for you to use up your entire loss. You could forget about planning how to lose out on capital losses before they expire. Next: Two new (ax breaks for those aged 65 or over. SALEM (UPD-Noting it had recently discarded the rule of charitable immunity, the Oregon Supreme Court Wednesday re opened a damage action against the Salem Memorial hospital. The high court reversed a de cision by Marion County Circuit Judge George R. Duncan which had dismissed a damage action brought against the hospital by Minnie A. Wicklander. The hospital pleaded the de fense of charitable immunity, and the Marion county court dis missed the action. In a recent case the high court overthrew the charitable im munity rule, and said a charit able institution could be held liable for negligence of lis em ployees. Ruling Upheld In other action the high court: Upheld a ruling from the Mult nomah county circuit court of Judge Dean Bryson that "Lift Parts Service of Oregon had to give up use of the name which was similar to the name of the "Lift Truck Parts Service of Oregon." The Lift Truck Parts firm claimed the names were so similar it had lost business In the firm which had adopted the similar name. Affirmed a damage action de cision by Marion County Circuit Judge R. Duncan. Affirmed a Multnomah county circuit court ruling by Judge Herbert M. bchwab in a person al injury suit resulting from an aulo crash. Upheld a Multnomah county School News CP Elementary School When fourth, fifth and sixth grade students at Central Point Elementary school elected stu dent body officers recently, they followed voting procedures they will use as adults. Polling places were set up in the library and little gym. Elec tion and counting boards were manned by students. The voters cast their ballots during lunch hours and before school. Voting was not compulsory. Eighty-six per cent of the fourth grade, 77 per cent of the fifth grade, and 74 per cent of the sixth grade voted. Officers elected were Mike Johnson, president; Drbra Tay lor, vice president ; D i a n n a Hcrndon, secretary: Jcri Par- circuit court decision by Judge Herbert M. Schwab which dis missed a suit by William Mc Clendon who sought reinstate ment in a labor union. Upheld the conviction, in the Klamath county circuit court of Judge David R. Vandenberg, of Boyd Julius Jackson for second degree murder, for which he re ceived a life sentence. Award Affirmed Affirmed an award of $10,000 to the River Bend Sand and Gravel company, approved by Marion County Circuit Judge R. Duncan, for its interest in land condemned by the city of Salem. Affirmed a ruling by Klamath County Circuit Judge Lyle K. Wolff, in an action for recovery of money due under three con tracts for sale of furniture, tnai Adair's Hardware and Furniture was entitled to payment from Ben and Edith Adair in spite of the company's failure to sign the sales contracts. Upheld a decision by Mult nomah County Circuit Judge Charles W. Redding denying a motion by William W. Hayncs that burglary charges against him be dismissed for failure to prosecute within a reasonable time. rish, treasurer; Deborah Chav is, sergoanl-at-arms; and iner- since they live underground Grant Received To Study Aphids CORVALLIS An Oregon State university entomologist has re-1 ceived $34,700 from the Nation-; al Science Foundation to study long-standing pest of pears that has plagued nurserymen since the turn of the century. Dr. K. G. Swenson is trying to determine what effect en vironment has on development of pear root aphids. Some of Oregon s nurserymen have lost up to 80 per cent of their stock in certain years due to this particular aphid, which feeds on roots of pear trees. Swenson said whatever he finds probably will apply to most oth er root feeding aphids as well. In explaining the work he plans, the entomologist pointed out that most aphids prepare for winter by responding to days shorter than 12 to 14 hours much like some other insects, plants and birds. The question is; "What do root-feeding ap hids substitute for day length Everybody's Favorite! jC ICE CREAIvl vl Miller, safety chairman. Lester Wilson, fifth grade teacher and student council ad visor, and Mrs. Viola Laird, sixth grade teacher, supervised the election. INSTITUTE PLANNED SALEM (UPI) - Oregon Fairview Home will hold Its 12th annual parent's institute Oct. 26, Sttipl. James M. romeiny said j satisfactory controls can today. I worked out, he explained. Swenson thinks and hopes to prove that some change in the pear tree, because of its response to day length, triggers a change in the aphid. He hopes to determine not only what tells the aphid it's time to prepare for a different season, but specifically how the i message is relayed. This basic I knowledge is necessary before he Tasty on Toast CINNAMON A 0 ill HO If f L h II MEDFORD'S FINEST MEATS SINCE 1940 NEW-DIFFERENT!! BONELESS (Package of 4) SMOKED PORK CHOPS Delicious No Waste BONELESS PORK LOIN ROAST AND ALL CENTER LEAN PORK CHOPS Fancy Fresh Eastern Pork FANCY OCEAN FRESH CRAB MEAT $1189 LB. "CHOICE" STEER ROUND STEAK All Center Cuts 89 "CHOICE AGED" BONELESS BEEF ROASTS Sirloin Tips and Rumps NO WASTE 98 Try Our MARINATED CHUCK STEAKS Economical, Delicious 39 1 0 s375 lb. 2 89 DELICIOUS SAVE $$ ON MEDFORD'S FINEST GROUND MEATS! ! 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