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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 5, 1963)
4 A- "Everyone la Southern Othm" Rmi.a Ttu Mall THKum" Pufellihad Dally except Saturday by nturuiiu rnwxuiu 33 North Fit SU Ph. '7IMU1 ROBERT W' RUHETkdltoe HERB GREY AdverUilofL MlMI er GERALD T. LATHAM. Bu Mfr ERIC W ALLEN lK7Un: Editor EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN. Telei Editor RICHARD JEWETT, Iportt Editor OLIVE STARCHEI Women's Edltoi PALS iruCKliON, ClrculaUon Mfr An Independent Newapapei Enured as eecond Clin nutter at Medford. Oregon, under Aot ol March 3. ta7 UB8CR1PT10N RATES By Mail In Advene Dally and Sunday 1 year SU M Dally and Sunday moa 10.00 . Dally and Sunday S moa. J.00 - Sunday Only One year 19.00 Single Copy (Mailed) toe By Carrier And Motor Rout. Dally and Sunday 1 year 121.00 Dally and Sunday! no. 1 76 Sunday Only 1 mo. 90o Carrier and Vendon Copy loo Official Paper of City of Medford Official Paper of Jackmn County United preii internaiionai Full Leased Wire V. P. I. Telephoto Newiplcturee "Dumber or audit bureau" T oy CIRCULATIONS AHvertliinf RprMjntatlve : NELSON RC16ERT8 s ASSOC!. ATES Of'lce In New York, Chi , caeo. Detroit, San Franclaeo. Loa ; Anielei. Seattle. Portland Denver. I0ITOIIAI MemDer California Newapaper PubUihers Anoclation Flight o' Time Medford nd Jackson County Hiatory from Iho file of The Mall Tribuna 10, 20, 30, 40 and SO yean ago. If) YEARS AGO snt. s. 1K3 (Saturday) Terrific storm hits vsUey; many fires started; pew dam arft feared. Car loading fire, blast takes Ufa of Medford worker. 20 YEARS AGO Srnt. s. 1943 (Sunday) William McAllister, Medford, sneaker of House of Represents- tives, to be acting governor for short time. ,' From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "The Joe Fliegel boy is still working in the orchards picking more pears than he eats." 30 YEARS AGO Sent. S. 1933 (Tuesday) Medford pica for RFC funds for sewage disposal plant re turned for changes. Klamath county ducks die of mystery disease. 40 YEARS AGO Sept. 5, V (Wednesday) Road liop of Roxy Ann urged by Chamber of Com merce. School directors abandon plan to refinish Jackson school as junior high school. 50 YEARS AGO Sept. 5. 1013 (Friday) Ad Wolgast, ex lightweight champion, in Medford with view to buying ranch in valley. Funeral services for Mayor W. W. Eifer Urges In city's history. What's Your I.Q.? Nina or ten correct It tueerler; aavan or elahl la eicellenrj five er ait it too. " 1. With what industry do you associate the words Cheltenham, Caslon, Gothic? i 2. Does the Statue of Liberty bold the torch in her right or cft hand? 3, In what country is G u y Fawkes Day celebrated? 4. Name the Montana man who is Senate majority leader. 5. The title of the wife of a Maharajah Is what? 6. What arc the male, female, and young of a deer called? 7. What Is the name for the tribunals that try military per sonnel for military offenses. 8. In which U. S. city was President William McKinloy shot? 9. Which of there plaets tan can most closely appr o a c h the earth; Venus, Mars, Mer cury? Answers: I. Priming t. Kight hand. 3. In England, t. Mike Mansfield. S. Maharanee. S. Buck, doe, fawn. 7. Courts mar tial. S. Buffalo, N. Y. ). Venus. Udall Plans Climb Of Mt. Kilimanjaro Washington (UPD- Interior Secretary Stewart L. Udall, an .avid outdoorsman, plans to con, qucr yet another mountain this time one of the most famous in the world during his two-week trip to East Africa. Udall, who left for Africa Wednesday, plans to spend three days, beginning Sept. 10, climb ing 19,590-foot Mt. Kilimanjaro, whose snow-capped peak is the highest in Africa. VAMOCIATIOM THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER I. IMS The COP'S Prospects If Sea. Barry Goldwater wins the Republican nomination next summer and runs against John F. Kennedy for the presidency, he will get clob bered. But then, we'd estimate, so would almost any one the GOP cares to put up. It is not that Kennedy is overwhelmingly strong, necessarily, though clearly his position is considerably improved from his whisker-thin victory over Dick Nixon in the last election. No, it's just that each of the Republican hope fuls at this moment, at least is suffering from some kind of fatal political flaw. e MELSON Rockefeller, the personable gover- nor of New York, has apparently .iuddnrr trom tne latest public polls virtually eliminated himself from the race with his divorce and remar riage. Those who had most earnestly honed for change of administration can well weep over it, too, for Rockefeller probably had the best chance or unseating Kennedy from his Presidential rock ing chair. But if everyone else has counted him out, Rockefeller seems to be determined to make a fight of it. His activities at the recent Governors' conference in Miami showed clearly that he doesn't intend to roll over and play dead. On the contrary, by some adroit footwork, he seems to have stolen the show. And this in spite of the fact that there were powerful .forces at the con ference predisposed to frustrate and humiliate him in any way possible. All visible signs as of now, however, would appear to augur against fOLDWATER, the darling of the ultra con "servatives and the obvious front-runner now, doesn't really have a chance, whatever his ad mirers may think. Granted, he has all the external charm and rugged masculine appeal that one could ask for in a presidential candidate. He's a solid family man, a major general (and a jet pilot) in the Air Force reserves, a financially successful busi nessman, and his platform manner is warm, sin cere and vital. But the Arizona senator is inextricably tied perhaps willingly to extreme right wing ele ments, and we doubt that identification could ever be successfully disavowed. For all their stri dent shouts, which make them appear stronger and numerically greater than they actually are, these radical rightists represent a very small per centage of the American voters. A national candidate whose political views are rigidly and narrowly conceived, as are Gold- water's, cannot hope to his party s leaders, much of the people. rpWO dark horses, Pennsylvania Gov. William Scranton and Michigan Gov. George Romney, keep getting- mentioned by political pundits as uossjoie cioices, out. so lar -M- 1 - - I. T - - I. ... any real support or enthusiasm. Neither has compiled any sort of a record, by dint of having been elected only last year, and neither has had time or opportunity to travel across the country to establish those vital con tacts in each state that are so important to a presidential candidate. Their main chance, probably, lies in the some what remote possibility of a hopelessly dead locked convention in which the popular candi dates would cancel each other out, forcing a com promise choice ot a lesser known man. It is possible, of course, in these times of huge campaign budgets and mass communication media to take a virtual unknown and in the space of a few months turn his name into a household word. (Remember Wendell Willkie?) And should either Romney or Scranton get the nomination, that is exactly the herculean task that would confront the Republicans, since nei ther could be said to possess a truly national repu tation at present. At best, it would be difficult. A NOTHER name that keeps popping up as has been noted in this column before is Oregon's Gov. Mark 0. Hatfield. At first, his name was invariably mentioned as a likely running-mate for Rockefeller, but several political writers recently have added his name near the end of the list of dark horse hope fuls for the GOP presidential nomination. For a variety of reasons, Hatfield would make an attractive candidate, and the governor is sure ly not unaware of the possibility that he might be selected. But, realistically, his chances are less than slim at present. The only way we can see in which they might be improved would be if Rockefel ler, convinced after a couldn t make it, were to throw his support at the convention to Hatfield. lHOMEVER the Republicans, in their collec " tive wisdom, finally decide to pit against President Kennedy, he will almost certainly have a liberal slant. He will have to be young, possess boundless energy and be ready to submit a solid, forward looking political platform to the people. One is sue he will have to meet head-on, with abundant plain talk, is the matter of civil rights. The Negro will have to be reckoned with positively at the polls next year. Rut as of now and in politics, who can really predict what will happen tomorrow? the betting odds will have to favor the ring-wise Kennedy. He could be beaten, we think, but it will take a real GOR-Jiger, not a lumbering elephant, to do iL G.I1.R a successful comeback. command the support of less the majority vote ' . . . I , . ....... 1 neuner nas treneraieci good try that he himself "Well, We're Not Fanatics About Saving Money" Communications Lefters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer. although under certain circumstances the use of a pen name or initial for publication is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and condensation. Letter submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. The letters printed In this column do not necessarily represent the views of TO paper. In fact the contrary Is often Taylor Get - Together To the Editor: Calling all de- sendants of the Stephen Phelps Taylor clan to be at TouVelle park this Sunday, Sept. 8 for our annual get-together, as it is now 110 years since our people crossed the plains. It was in 1853 they started on their westward journey to a new country, some wagons with ox en, some with horses. This group of wagons was known as the preacher wagon train as so many preachers were among them, and what a great joy it was when they reached the top of Green Spring mountains to see the Rogue River valley spread out below, to them the promised land. They took up donation land claims south of old Roxy, as it was called then. Much of this land is now under develop ment into new home sites. The first location of the Taylors is now known as the Quail Run ranch up Cherry lane. The Bell Aire sites development is also part of this same claim, con tinuing north to Prescott park. So many changes since that early date, and we look for ward to these gct-togethcrs each year. Picnic lunch, 1:30 to 2 p.m. Mrs. Nevah Taylor Clifford Route 2, Box 200F Central Point, Ore. Release of Frustrations To the Editor: I have just noted your "far, ultra" left ed itorial on "Where Is he 'Far Right'?" and your extreme at tacks on the John Birch Society. Essentially you are wantonly attacking Americanism and all that America stands for in the fight against Communism, when you Inveigh against this great organization of patriots. You complain of the J. B. So ciety members taking over a meeting called in Coos Bay to show sympathy for "the free dom march in Washington." What was wrong with the ma jority at a public meeting vot ing their opposition to a move ment largely promoted by the Reds? Why are you not fair-minded enough to publish the findings r - :,.... r tl fl;r.. , ui u iuiiiiiiiiiic ui vuiiiui- nia State Senate on the John Birch Society? Gov. Edmund Brown s ma jority leader in the Democratic controlled California Senate Hugh Burns is chairman of a California state sub-committee which completed a two year detailed study of the John Birch Society, and found that 'The John Birch Society is nei ther secret, fascist, subversive, un-American, nor anti-Semitic' Bums and his committee, m repudiating all the epithets add: 'We have found the aver age member to have boon con cerned about the advances of the world Communist movement and the advances of Communist subversion in this counlrv. The John Birch Society has provid ed the only organization with a militant program of study and action through which the frustrations of the people can be released'." Charles R. Weede 278 Idaho st. Ashland, Oregon Go llninr! To the Editor: In seeking ex planation (or the latest Sea.side riots, I am struck by the patent inadequacy ot tne rationalir.a- lion of the youths involved that "There was nothing at Seaside for us to do. Some time ago, a distinguish ed friend and close observer of American youth, Judge Phil Gil liam of the Denver Juvenile Court, had this to say on the general subject: "The plaintive cry of the teen ager is all too familiar to par ents and all adults: What can we do? . . . Where cane go? "My answer to these kids can be summed up in two words Go Home! "Hang Uit storm windows, 1WEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON It WA('Ma?n' TOJf the case. paint the woodwork, rake the leaves, mow the lawn, shovel the snow, wash the car, learn to cook, scrub some floors, repair the sink, build a boat, eet n inh "Help the minister, priest or rabbi, the Red Cross, the Salva tion Army. Visit the sick, assist me poor, study your lessons. And when you are through and not too tired read a book. "Your parents do not owe you entertainment. Your city or vil lage does not owe you recre ational facilities. The world docs not owe you a living. You owe the world something. You owe it your time and energy and your talents so that no one will be at war, in poverty, or sick, or lonely again. "In plain simple words grow up: quit being a crybaby. Oct out of your dream world and develop a backbone, not a wishbone, and start acting like a man or woman. "You're supposed to be ma ture enough to accept some of the responsibilities your parents have carried for years. They have nursed, protected, helped, appealed, begged, excused, tol erated and denied themselves so that you could have every benefit. You have no right to expect them to bow to every whim and fancy just because of your selfish ego; instead, let common sense dominate your life, personality, thinking, re quests and demands." Both as a father of four and as a public official hopeful at the latent potential of our mod ern day youth, I agree complete ly with Judge Gilliam s eloquent expression. Howell Appling Jr. Secretary of State Salem, Ore. Vacation's Over To the Editor: A hearty laugh, a merry shout, Everyone's glad that school is out. Now all can play in shady nooks And not be bothered with arithmetic books. All we'll do is laueh and olav. We'll have our fun each sum- mpr . May is gone, and June is here The boys and girls still play with cheer. June is gone, July has come, They are not having quite as muen lun July goes on, they fret and fume. They'll be schoolroom. August is has come, glad for the old gone, September And everyone's glad vaca- Hon s none. Shirley Jones 4L'8 North Holly Medford. St. m "Sure, kid, they come out here and forsel about the racial rrlsrs. Vtel-Nam. Berlin, but you can t blame yourself for contributing to escapism" O Political Storm Blowing Over Arises From Stand Over East Germany By PHIL NEWSO.M L'PI Foreign News Analyst A political storm is blowing over West Berlin. It arises from oppositon par ty s u s picions that Mayor Wil- ly Brandt's So cial Democratic a d ministration is softening its stand against C o m m u n ist East Germany. The d i s p ut e N.w..m could well spread beyond the confines of West Berlin and become a major issue in the 1965 narliamentarv elections in which Brandt again will be his parly s candidate for chancel lor. At the storm center is Brandt's crown prince, Deputy Mayor Heinrich Albertz, but pol iticians agree that the real tar get is Brandt himself. The start of it was a speech by Albertz criticizing the "pro vincial anxiety" shown by the government of Chancellor Kon rad Adenauer in delaying sign ing of the Moscow partial test ban agreement. He also express ed regret that the smallest American step to find a way out of the East-West impasse was greeted by "timidity and distrust" in West Germany. The local branch of Adenau er's Christian Democratic par ty promptly demanded a non confidenqe vote against Albertz Matter of Fact (cl New York Hnraid SOME VERY HARD FACTS New Delhi, India In a lit tle more than a fortnight, the monsoon will end and the cam Daianine season will begin on tne inaian iron- t i e r. Judging solely by t h e practical indi cations, the Chinese have devoted the whole interval, since their at tack last year, to active prcp- Aimp para lions tor taking further advantage of the favorable fighting season. The indicators are as follows: First, most of the Chinese di visions in Tibet have been mov ed down to positions close to the Indian frontier to poten tial jump off positions in fact. BETWEEN the Indian and American analysts, there is some difference of opinion about the human weight of this force threatening the fron tier. The entire Chinese force in Tibet numbers 125,000 men, according to our estimates, whereas the Indians think the number is 50 to 75,000 higher. lhe Chinese have as many divisions in Tibet as we have in the Indian army," Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru told me without qualification. And even if this is a shade too gloomy, the truly significant fea ture in the situation is not the exact size but the menacing dis position of the Chinese forces. Second, the Chinese have also made all the other normal prep arations for an offensive effort. A remarkable road net has been completed with great speed Armed Robbers To the Editor: Why do so much raving about alcoholism? Why isn't something done about the strong arm robberies that are going on? Pay day is when they do their dirty work, hold up some old crippled-up pension er, take his money, then beat him up, then lie around and hide in the skid row or railroad jungle and wine up till it is gone. That's going on all over the country. It is dangerous for an old man to get off the main street for a bunch of rates will get hold of him if they think he is some kind of a pensioner, or gets Social Security. They are always able bodied men but won't work. Very few of them arc ever sent to lhe pen. Charles McKinley, White Cilv. Ore. who further aroused their ire by a slighting reference to the West German Federal Republic as a "Rhine State." The issue will be debated next month but has no chance of passage because of the Social ists having a large majority in the city government. It will, however, put new em phasis on charges which have been levelled before against the Adenauer regime by its politi cal opponents. Chiefly they are that the aged chancellor has been too rigid in his approach to reunifica tion of Germany with his all-or-nothing demands for free elec tion. Brandt's press chief stirred wide attention with a speech in which he said the Russians were not simply going to stand aside in East Germany and that the Adenauer policy "is not only hopelessly antiquated and unreal but meaningless in a strategy of peace." For the most part Brandt has kept to the background and permitted his aides to do the talking. They have not spelled out a new program but they have made it clear they are not contented with the old one. This in turn has aroused fears among the Christian Dem ocrats and other political op ponents that the Socialists are hinting at an increased measure of recognition of the East Ger man regime. It led the West Berlin inde By Joseph Alscp Tribune Syndicate along the entire frontier, with spurs leading up the frontier it self alone the best attack-routes, Very large forward supply dumDS have also been built up. "They have stocks in the for ward area to sustain three months of active operation aeainst us." a very high Indi an military source told me. "But of course they can also use these supplies to see their forc es on the frontier mrougn me winter. rrHIRD, and perhaps most 1 ominous of all, the Chinese rnmmanriers have recently been going all out to round up all possible pack animals in the frontier areas; ana incy nave also been trying to intimidate or win tribal leaders on the Indian side of the line. These activities hardly suggest pru dent, peaceable preparations to go into winter quarters. If one glances at the situation on this side of the line, more over, it is easy to see why the Chinese must at least be sorely tempted to attack again. Con sider the part of the frontier from the Chumbi Valley east wards, where the main Chinese concentrations are located. In most of this area, to begin with, the Chinese now have immeas urably better roads leading to the frontier than the Indians have. The specially heavy Chinese concentration at the head of the Chumbi Valley is decided- lv disliirhine. because of an accident of nolitical geography In brief, East Pakistan all but cuts off Assam province from the rest of India. The only link with Assam is the very narrow Silieuri Gap, between the North ern tip of Pakistani territory and the mountain wall of the Himalayas. And the Chumbi Valley leads straight down to the Siliguri Gap. The Indians have therefore stationed strong forces in the Tista Valley, in position to pre vent the Chinese pourinc down the Chumbi Valley and blocking India s sole access to Assam. But this is literally the only nlacc on the whole long East ern part of the frontier where attacking Chinese torces would meet with upposition at the out set. rPO BE specific, the entire huge area of the Northeast fron tier Agency, which lies between Assam province and the border, is now a military vacuum. This is mountain country. The Indi ans, not being ready as yet for mountain warfare, have placed their forces in As ham on lhe plam: and they have left the Northeast Fron tier Agency with no garrison except for the local police. I Ihus lhe Chinese nave two op tions, if they are feeling pug nacious. They can play for high sliikos. with an attack down the Chumbi Valley, which would put both Assam province and the Northeast Frontier Agency into the hag if it should suc ceed. Or they can simply move into the vacuum of the North east Frontier Agency thus tak ing no immediate risk, yet leav ing the Indians no options ex cept lo yield this huge addition al chunk of territory or to fight their way back into it which would tie up-hill work in the most literal sense. Such arc the hard facts. With almost supernal insight, the American analysts have report edly concluded that the facts are misleading, and a Chinese attack is therefore unlikely. They may well be right. Yet the facts at least demand some thought about the consequences of s successful Chinese attack; (or the analysts can also turn out to be wrong. pendent newspaper Morgenpust to demand that the city govern ment say clearly just what its policy is toward the Communist regime. The rigidity of the Adenauer regime has been attacked not only by the Socialists but also by the Free Democrats who par ticipate in his coalition govern ment. The Free Democrats, without spelling out the details, Strictly Personal By Sydney fct Field Enterprliei lno. PERSONAL PREJUDICES Show me a man who mistrusts others, and I would not trust him with a shoelace of my own; our opinion of mankind is the re fracted opinion we secretly hold of ourselves. People who believe that "en thusiasm" is the principal in gredient of success forget that the school cheerleader is gen erally the fellow who can do nothing else. I have never understood why it is that we contemptuously dis count a person who praises him selfyet when he forms an in stitution or a corporation and does the same thing, we accept this self-praise with respect and submissive credulity. Speaking of self-praise, one of the most amusing and in formative books is Darrell Huff's "How to Lie with Sta tistics," which shows how modern montcbanks can use figures, charts and percent ages to achieve any effect they care to. I especially enjoyed his chapter on "The Gee-Whiz Graph." Pious people who impute a virtue to their dullness have done a great disservice to re ligion, by making it easy for sinners to dismiss heaven as a place filled with intolerable bores. Religiosity without charm or humor creates more rebels than converts. God cannot be In the Day's News By FRANK JENKINS From Salem: Certification of the 13 Ore gon legislature's $60 million tax increase measure to a special election on October 15 has been assured. A review of the referral peti tions made over the holiday week end by the elections de partment of the secretary of State's office showed 55,475 val id signatures. WHICH is to say: In the relatively short time in which the referral petitions were in circulation, approxi mately two and a half times as many signatures as were needed to refer the tax measure to a vote of the people at a special election were obtained. TllEANWHILE Secretary of State Appling is preparing to go before the state emergency board on Fri day of this week to request re- Only Three Fires Noted on State Land Salem - (UPI) - Only three fires, all less than one-tenth of an acre in size, were noted Wed nesday on state protected forest and rangelands, state forestry officials reported. One blaze was in the eastern Lane district, and two were in the southwestern Oregon dis trict. Forestry officials said Wed nesday was one of the worst fireweather days so far this year. Try and By BENNETT CERF- TiOOKS ABOUT lions are very much in fashion these days. tfne, ,f 018 most fascinating "Ibamba" by Wynant Hubbard, in which the reader will discover, for example, that: Most lions have a def inite sense of humor. Ke male lions moan piteous ly with rage and grief when their mates are killed. Male lions go for cheap perfume in a very big way. Lions whistle like birdsl (Mr. Hubbard swears to this). A lion bellowing on a misty night can be heard eight miles away. "Dost ataay tesata pressed with the) doincs of the ao-cJle4 upper crust," turn M4 his vara, "stop nem lnjf thoaa aeeiety oolumna! Remember the definition of crwt. r dear: a ooUecUra crumaa kcl e:tker y deucfc!" e n Aboar tte Btisu, a Texan and a Brltoaj became ! olved la a rlt?.r fame. The aiton drew a good card and aajd, '11! bet a peuid." "I don't know how you count your moiy-? admitte te-e Texaaa cheerfully, "but I raise you a ton." "What this country needs," O UU. by Bennett Catt t if Berlin; have demanded fresh initiative on the part of the Bonn govern ment which they say has de pended too much upon the West ern Allies for an all-German settlement. Adenauer is scheduled to re tire this fall, although against his will. His chief fear has been that his retirement will lead to Ger man weakness against the Com munists. J. Ha.rlt solemn, or he would not have blessed man with the incalcul able gift of laughter. Candor in the arts is the most dangerous device a man can use many great novels have estranged their authors from society, for society fears it will he too pitilessly depict ed. "Every lime 1 paint a por trait, I lose a friend," John Sargent wistfully remarked. It is difficult for some person alities to understand (until too late) that doing nothing is a form of doing something and often its most disastrous form. The refusal to make a decision is a grave decision. The best and most succinct argumcntagainst the necessity of "equal rights" for women was given long ago by Samuel Johnson, when he told a friend: "Sir, nature has given woman so much power that the law cannot afford lo give her more." We can see how little real meaning such words as "liber al" and "conservative" have, when today the liberal is cling ing tenaciously to the strictest letter of the Constitution, while the conservative is busy trying lo pry loose some of the nails on the Fifth Amendment. His tory loves to play havoc with our neat little political pigeon- holes. lease of $300,000 to finance the October 15 referendum election. The $300,000 was set aside by the legislature for use in case the tax measure was referred. WHAT Is the significance of this referendum of the 1963 Oregon legislature's tax struc ture? It lies in the speed with which the petitions were filled. Appar ently, just about everybody who was sauce! to sign signed without an argument. That indicates that people in Oregon at least are getting hot under the collar about taxes. IHAT prompts this question: HOT AT WHOM? The answer, presumably, is that they are HOTTEST AT THE CLOSEST. HERE are some interesting figures, vouched for by the National Tax Foundation. They show the per capita tax load in fiscal year 1963: Federal government $546. State governments $130. Local governments $119. , TOTAL, $795. TN OTHER words: Out of every dollar that comes out of the average tax payer's pocket, the federal gov ernment takes out 68.7 cents. ' f ET'S put it this way: " The federal government takes the MOST out of our pock els. It is the FARTHEST AWAY. The stale governments take the next largest bite. They aro the NEXT FARTHEST AWAY. Local governments take the smallest bite. THEY ARE CLOSEST HOME. Stop Me hudsta Congressman Dudley, it -1 to? Bat Tl c O CO c c C3 o
