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Saa WAS
RAID ON LAWRENCE - On Aug. 21,
1863, William C. Quantrill and his band of
450 hard-riding, straight shooting horsemen
rode into Lawrence, Kan., at dawn. Four
hours later they rode out, having killed 150
Quantrill's
By MFRTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
William Clarke Quantrill
paid' off his grudge against
Lawrence, Kan., on Aug. 21,
'J 863 in blood and fire.
The Confederate captain"s
guerrillas about 450 hard-
: riding, straight-shooting
Jiorse-men-struck the sleeping
town at dawn.
Four hours later they rode
back towards Missouri with
their loot, leaving at least
350 men dead and the town
in ashes.
r- Of the deal all except 17
"were citizens just turning out
"of bed to start their day's
-work. The 17 were unarmed
Union recruits, all of them
"teen-agers.
Quantrill's hatred of Law
rence dated back to the bor
der fighting days before the
Civil War when Kansas was
being formed under the
"squatter sovereignty" pro
visions of the Kansas-Nebraska
Act.
Anti-slavery men, especial
ly New Engianders, decided
the new state shbuld be free.
Pro-slavery men, especially
Missourians, were equally de
termined it should be a slave
state. Both sides sent in their
partisans as early as 1854.
The original settlers of Law
rence were anti-slavery and
the town soon was known as
a hotbed of abolitionism. The
fighting between Kansans and
Missourians lasted periodical
ly until it was merged into
the greater conflict of the
: Civil War and Kansas was
admitted to the Union in 1861
ras a free state.
'Born in Ohio
; Quantrill was born in Ca
'nal Dover, Ohio, July 31,
"1837, and originally was a
.school teacher by trade. He
drifted west and lived for a
time in Lawrence under the
:name of Charley Hart. He
;soon became a part of the out
law half-world on the fron
tier, turning his hand to what
ever exploit seemed to pay
the best regardless of which
side it : was on.
By Civil War time he def
initely had chosen the Con
federate sicie and organized
a band of guerrillas which
raided into Kansas almost at
will. He was commissioned
a Confederate captain but
paid little attention to orders
from superiors, joining mili
tary expeditions with his men
as irregular cavalry when
plunder seemed in prospect,
operating independently at
other times. Shortly before
the raid on Lawrence, Quant
Till had gone to Richmond
-seeking a colonel's commis
;eion as a Partisan Ranger but
he apparently failed.
:. Quantrill's men never wore
.jnilitary uniforms. Most of
them wore "guerrilla shirts,"
especially red or butternut.
.These shirts were made by
their wives or sweethearts and
"often were covered with fan
'cy embroidery. It was more
:o'f a Jacket than a shirt with
our large pockets which serv
:td as haversacks and cartridge
-.boxes. Each guerrilla was
armed with two, three, four
,or even six Navy Colt re
volvers, caliber .44. Some car
ried captured carbines or shot
guns. They were expert horse
men and dead shots with both
hands at full gallop.
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CIVIL WAR
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Raid on Lawrence
The guerrillas struck the
town from the southeast at
the first light of dawn about
5 a.m.
The first man they killed
was the Rev. S. S. Snyder, a
United Brethren minister. He
was shot as he milked a cow
at his farm on the outskirts
of town.
Hoffman Collamore, 16-year-old
son of Mayor George
W. Collamore, off for a day
of hunting, rode by the guer
rillas. In the half light he
took them for Union cavalry
men and rode on with a wave.
They shot him and left him
for dead. (He recovered.)
Then the guerrillas gallop
ed onto Massachusetts St., the
main avenue, at what now is
11th st.' and head north to
the main part of town. Squads
dropped off each block to
cover the side streets. One
vidette rode to Mt. Oread,
now the site of the Univer
sity of Kansas, for sentinel
duty.
The Union recruit camp
lay in their path. The young
soldiers were just rolling out
of their blankets when the
guerrillas struck. Seventeen
of the youngsters died under
the Navy Colts in a few min
utes. Five escaped as the guer
rillas rode down their tents.
The recruits were uniformed
but not armed and were wait
ing to be mustered into Fed
eral service in the 14th Kan
sas.
Quantrill and one of his
lieutenants, Capt. William H.
Gregg, led the raiders north
on Massachusetts St., Quan
trill firing to the left, Gregg
to the right.
Headed for Hotel
They headed for the Eld
ridge House, a four-story
brick structure and the main
hotel.
Surrounding the hotel
Quantrill demanded its sur
render, guests and all. A
porter beat a gong, and awak
ened the guests who complied
with Quantrill s orders.
Then the guerrilla chief
sent most of his men off to
loot and burn the town.
"Kill! Kill! and you will
make no mistake," he shouted
to his men as they spread
over the little town of about
2,000.
The Eldridge House guests
wer, robbed. The building,
only recently erected, was
pillaged. Then the guests were
herded to the City Hotel
around the corner and the
Eldridge was set afire. They
were kept prisoners there dur
ing the rest of the raid and
not further molested. The City
Hotel proprietor had befriend
ed Quantrill earlier when he
was in Lawrence and pre
sumably that is why the
guests received special treat
ment. Quantrill carried a list of
men to be killed. At the top
was the name of U.S. Sen.
James H. Lane who lived in
the west part of town. He
ducked into a cornfield and
escaped.
Gov. Charles Robinson liv
ed on Mt. Oread. He hid in
his stone barn and watched
the raid.
Editor Escapes
John Speer, editor of the
Lawrence Tribune, also escap
ed into a cornfield but two
of his sons were killed and
CAPRjS
FALL COLORS
to 20
Plrla
Amm&WmU
112 EAST MAIN
men, looted and then burned the town.; This
drawing, from the Library of Congress col
lection, shows a woman pleading for the
life of her husband during the raid. (UPI)
their bodies burned to ashes
in a blazing store.
Mayor Collamore and his
hired man hid in a well be
hind his home. His name was
high on Quantrill's list and
the guerrillas searched the
house and grounds. Not find
ing him, they burned the
house. The mayor and his
companion suffocated in the
well and so did a friend who
tried to rescue them.
For four hours the killing
and looting went on. Men
were killed as their wives
clung to them. One young boy
was shot to death because
he wore a blue uniform his
mother had made for him
from his father's old army
clothes. .
No women were killed.
Quantrill and his men prided
themselves on their "chiv
alry." Dr. Richard Cordley, a
Congregational minister and
an eyewitness, wrote later:
"The carnage was all the
worse for the fact that the
people were not expecting an
indiscriminate slaughter. The
general feeling was that they
(the guerrillas) would do what
they had done elsewhere
rob and burn a town, shoot
a few marked men if they
could find them and then
leave . . . Hence many who
could have escaped remained
in their homes and were kill
ed .. , The attack was per
fectly planned. Every man
seemed to know his place and
what he was to do . . . The
surprise was so complete that
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212 NO. BARTLETT
((pajWJi)
House Is Expected
To Approve Bill
Assisting Widows
Washington-IUPlt-The House
was expected to approve leg
islation today that would raise
the monthly compensation of
more than 122,000 military
widows to keep up with the
rise in the cost of living.
The bill would cost about
$11.7 million a year over the
next four years.
Another veterans' measure
that the House planned to
take up today is a bill extend
ing higher education aid to
children of completely dis
abled veterans.
Both pieces of legislation,
approved by the Veterans
committee Wednesday, are to
be considered by the House
under a hurry-up procedure
requiring a two-thirds major
ity for passage.
The widows' bill would
raise the monthly base rate
of compensation from $112 to
$120 to account for a rise in
the cost of living during the
past six years. Recipients,
survivors of veterans wno
must have died from service
connected causes, also receive
12 per cent of the basic active
service pay of their deceased
husbands.
The education bill encom
passes children of veterans
permanently and totally dis
abled as a result of military
service. These benefits now
are available to children of
veterans whose fathers lost
their lives in service.
The monthly allowances are
for college instruction and
range from $50 a month, for
a student who attends school
on a half-time basis, to $110
for one who is enrolled full
time.
no organized resistance was
possible . . . Everyone had
to do the best he could for
himself."
Union Troop Helped
About 9 a.m. Quantrill
started his men back toward
Missouri. A rearguard round
ed up the last drunken guer
rillas. Senator Lane organized a
few men and pursued. A Un
ion cavalry troop came from
the east and tried to cut off
the guerrillas. Neither suc
ceeded. Quantrill rode away with
his loot almost unmolested. He
lost only one man, the Rev
Larkin Skaggs, Baptist min
ister turned guerrilla. The
only surviving son of editor
John Speer shot him as he
left town. A Delaware Indian,
White Turkey, scalped the
wayward preacher.
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MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. ORSGON
g.m , i T ."s4p i
BUILDING FAiR SITE - Dan Kimball, left, placed on Pier J, site of the fair in 1967-68
board chairman of the California World's at Long Beach, Calif. The 300-acre pier
Fair, and Fred Hall, right, executive vice will be created mostly from actual ocean
president and general manager of the fair, bed. (UPI)
watch as the two-millionth ton of rock is
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MONDAY. AUGUST
Mahoney Urges Special Session
Salem - IUPD - Sen. Thomas
Mahoney (D-Portland) has
urged a special legislative ses
sion be called so the 1963 Leg
islature's $60 million tax in
crease package could be re
ferred to the people for an
election.
Mahoney, who said he voted
for the tax measure, said he
had signed a referral petition
in Portland.
He said he feels the people
should have the right to vote
on the measure, and that de
laying tactics have hampered
efforts to circulate referral pe
titions. Crews Control Fire
West of Bridgeport
Salem-IUPII-State fire crews
controlled a 160 - acre grass
and sagebrush blaze west of
Bridgeport in Baker county
Sunday, and four other small
blazes scattered around the
state, forestry officials here
said.
Of the five fires, only one
was lightning caused, it was
reported.
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19, 1963
Mahoney said he was writ
ing Gov. Mark Hatfield, urg
ing that the governor call a
special session.
Mahoney said he would
urge the legislature to repeal
the recently enacted law, then
to enact the same law again
with a November referral
clause, so the people would
have to vote on it before it
could become law.
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