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Addis Ababa limeraiiinig as Probable Capital off Africa
By WILBUR G. LANDREY i month. It already is th hpari. I Mr Ffhinnia t (ho ,ii , ..i...i.. .1 .1 n.i 1 ..... .ui.. 1. u. . .. .. . . .
Uniied Press International j quarters of the United Na
Addis Ababa-flM-This cap-j t i o n s Economic Commission
i ai timopia is likely tot for Africa (ECA), which
oecome the "capital of
Africa" as well. The event
will be another triumph for
tmporer H a i 1 e Selassie
"King of kings, the elect of
God and conquering lion of
Judah."
Diplomatic sources say
Addis Ababa is likely to be
Phncon oe U- U , 1
c .c ..cauquariers the emperor,
for the new organization of! monarch in i
unity (UAU) when: which runs to youthful Re
Airican foreign ministers j publicans, scored an impres
meet in Dakar. Senegal, next sive victory for himself and
(tUA), wnich is
housed in a magnificent
marble hall opposite the
emperor's Jubilee palace.
It depends on with whom
you talk in Ethiopia whether
the future is dark or bright
under the emperor's imperial
rule.
But everyone agrees that
a 7.i-year-old
continent
for Ethiopia at the summit
conference here last May
which drafted t h e OAU
charter.
Emperor Credited
It has he who insisted that
the 30 African heads of state
overrule the timidity of their
foreign ministers and draft
the charter here. Both for
eign diplomats and Ethiopi
ans credited him with the
conference's success.
And that success has helped
silence allegations at home,
mostly youthful,
pia is moving
slowly while the rest of Afri
ca passes her by.
Haile Selassie's country has
a history of 3,000 years, an
area one and one-third the
size of Texas and an estimat
ed population of 20 million.
Its soil is rich enough to feed
10 times that number and its
scenery is spectacularly beau
tiful. Its capiat, Adriis Ababa
(the new flower), is an in
creasingly modern city of
450,000 whose streets are
lined with shiny walls of cor-
that Ethio-j rugated iron, hiding both new
ahead too construction and old eye
sores alike. It has fine hotels
and restaurants but, at night,
hyenas from the nearby hills
still slink as scavengers
through its streets.
Back to Solomon
Haile Selassie has ruled
for 47 years, from 1916 to
1930 as regent and from 1930
as emperor of a dynastic line
that legend says originated
from the meeting of King
Solomon with the Queen of
Sheba. In the painted story
of Solomon and Sheba which
tourists buy to decorate their
walls, Ethiopia has perhaps
the first "comic strip."
More than any other
emperor, Haile Selassie has
dragged Ethiopia forward,
after centuries of isolation,
into an era which knows the
wheel and the airplane. He
still rules as well as reigns,
sometimes even to small de
tails and hence the impa
tience of some of the younger
civil servants.
A slight, bearded figure in
full dress uniform, who feeds
pet lions by hand, he rules
with what diplomats here re
gard as consummate skill,
balancing this group against
that and holding Ethiopia to
gether as no other man could
The solitary negus who re
proached the conscience of
the world when the Italians
invaded his country to 1838
is likely to be known as one
of Ethiopia's greatest em
perors. Still Illiterate
But illiteracy is still 95 per
cent and per capita income is
only $47 a year. Ironically, it
has been the emperor's ef
forts to advance education
that have led to much of the
criticism of himself and the
men around him.
It comes from the youth of
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the university and some of
the younger civil servants
who have been educated
abroad. The most hot-headed
echo the words oi General
Msmgissy Neway, wlto was
hanged for leading a revolt
of the imperial bodyguard
two and a half years ago:
"Ethiopia has been standing
still while our African broth
ers are moving ahead in the
struggle to overcome poverty."
Ethtepta is not standing
stiH. But the younger civil
servants would like to see
faster constivutional advance
and many students believe
economic progress could be
faster as well.
Eldari Cita Post
The answer of their elders
is that they have forgotten or
never knew what Ethiopia
was like 20 years aso. Nor
do the young intellectuals re
flect the beliefs and values of
the countryside outside Addis
Ababa.
One senior official tells the
story of how he got an edu
cation: "I had to be 'exiled'
abroad by the emperor to
get an education at all over
the opposition of my family."
In the middle rank of gov
ernment officials, where the
pressure for "reform" but
not revolution becomes great
er, a typical aspiration is for
a full-fledged constitutional
monarchy when the emperor
dies. The crown prince is his
eldest son, 50-year-old Afsa
Woseen Hailie Selassie.
Now there are a prime
minister, 16 ministers and a
parliament composed of an
elected Lower House and an
appointed Upper House. The
ministers are also appointed
by the emperor and respon
sible to him. The education
portfolio he holds himself.
The armed forces of 25,0(10
men are officered by the coun
try s ehfe ana eauinoed hv
the United Stales with every
thing from ships and tanks
to F-86 jet fighters.
Armed Forces
With a wary eye on So
malia and Egypt, 34 per cent
of the Ethiopian budget goes
tor the armed forces and
poHee.
Balancing the regular army
are 15,000 territorials tri
bal irregulars.
Ethiopia is entering the
second year of her second
five-year plan, which started!
last July and will run until
1967. It calls for an increase
of 4.6 per cent a year in gross
national product and an In
vestment of $1,082,000,000.
Over the past few years
about a quarter of the gov
ernment s budget has gone
for economic development.
Eighty-five per cent of the
national product comes from
agricultural crops grown by
peasant tenant farmers and
herdsmen who make up near-i
ly 8f per cent of the popula-l can who struggled with ero-
tion. Coffee Is the largest ex- j codiies, lions and nature gen
port and the United States j erally to help complete th
tskes 79 per cent of if. ! recent survey of the blue
Bu the biggest growths are Nile: "There are hazards here
scheduled for mining, Indus- you don't normally run into
try and power. in the United States."
mere is potash and gold
and exploration is hopefully
going on for oil. The plaa
calls for a steel mill and aa
agreement has been conclud
ed with Russia to build an oil
refinery at the port of Assab.
Remains Neutral
Like most other African
countries, Ethiopia tries to be
"neutral" in the cold war.
She does not yet recognize
Communist China, although
most diplomats predict turn
will eventually.
In tacit return for an Im
portant radio relay station
near Asmara, which is a vital
link in American global com
munications, Ethiopia has re
ceived some $114,100,000 in
grants and loans from the
Uniied States during the past
ten years, and another STO
million worth of military aid.
With more than 5,000
Americans in Ethiopia, it 11
one of the key American
diplomatic posts on the con
tinent. The United States has
helped build roads in a coun
try where the muddy tracks
are sometimes as bad as
those of medieval Europe or
the pioneer American west.
The United States has fos
tered agricultural education
and health, financed new jets
for the TW-operated airlines
and sent 277 Peace Corps
volunteers (one of whom put
Androclcs and the Lion to
music for the country's first
musical eomedy sung in
Amharic). They helped dou
ble the number of students to
secondary schools this year.
Receives Aid
Ethiopia gets other aid as
well from Russia, th
World Bank, West Germany,
Italy (war reparations), Swe
den, Yugoslavia and Czecho
slovakia. The Soviet Union
has promised $100 million
worth of rubles on paper
nearly equal to aid from the
United States but only a
fraction of that has been
used.
Ethiopia has been Chris
tian since the third century
after Christ and today about
40 per cent of its inhabitants
are adherents of the official
Ethiopian Orthodox church.
Perhaps another 40 per cent
are Moslem.
Ethiopia's language is
Amheric, the language of its
I dominant people.
Most of the country is a
temperate plateau between
7,000 and 10,000 feet high,
rent by tremendous gores.
Both to the east and west the
plateau plunges thousands of
feet to scorching deserts.
It has elephant, buffalo,
rhinocerous, giraffe, zebra,
lion, leopard, cheetah, anti
lope, azclle, and, in remote
areas, shlftas (bandits).
In the words of one Ameri-
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