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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (July 25, 1963)
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDrORD. OREGON THURSDAY. JULY 25. 1963 Election Puts Italian Communist Leader Back in Limelight (Editor's not: Western observer are concerned by the new vitality and renew ed popularity of the polls oi the Communist party in Italy, the largest in Western Europe. In this dispatch, a veteran United Press Inter national reporter in Rome examines the situation.) By ERNEST SAKLER United Press International Rome - (UPIl - The Commu nist danger in Italy today is greater than it has been since 1948. Many have been saying in recent years, especially since the country's economic boom in the Common Market, that Italian Communism was dead. But in the Italian general elections in April, the Com munists picked up one million more votes than in the last election. The massive gains, which no one has yet thoroughly ex--'ained. put Italian Commu nist leader Palmiro Togliatti back in the limelight of world Communism and put him in a strong position at home. A number of commentators feel that responsibility for the Red advance rests at least as much with the shortsighted ness of Italian Democrats as with Togliatti's shrewdness. Pickets Posted at Pilot Rock Plant By United Press International The Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union have extend ed its strike against Georgia Pacific Corp. with the posting of pickets at Pilot Rock, Ore. About 2SD sawmill and log ging employees were affect ed. The pickets appeared about 6 a.m. The Lumber and Sawmill Workers and the In ternational Woodworkers of America began closing down Georgia - Pacific operations last week In a contract dispute. The only plants still oper ating are at Woodleaf and Feather Falls, Calif. Commercial Fishermen End Strike For Prices Portland - (UPIl - Indepen dent commercial salmon fish ermen along the Washington and Oregon coasts have end ed their spontaneous "strike" for higher silver salmon prices when most buyers agreed to pay 32 cents per pound. But even Togliatti himself stxmed to be surprised by his massive election gains. Al though now he has taken a "knew-all-along'' attitude and speaks with the assurance of a man who feels Commu nism's final climb to power in Italy is only a matter of time. Some observers, both inside and outside Italy, have blamed the Red advance at least partly on the Catholic church's "softer" approach to Communism during the reign I of Pope John XXIII. Jdut this ignores, or grossly underestimates the indepen dence and individualism of the Italian voter, Catholic in religion though most of them may be. The question is one lor politicians, the educators, the civic leaders, not for the cnurch. If you ask an Italian why the luiing Christian Demo crats lost votes and the Com munists gained, a typical an swer is: "Because the people were fed up." Has Same Meaning The same Italian will note that the million votes gained by the Liberals - a moderate rightwing, staunchly demo cratic and pro-Western opposi tion party - had much the same meaning: a protest against the way the country i The "protest" itself is I against the tantalizing slow' was being run. vague. It apparently is aimed 1 ncss of Italian bureaucracy, YOUTHFUL LEADERS GREETED - Presi- The President is shaking hands with Rich dent Kennedy is shown as he greeted the ard J. Stratton, 17, Boys' Nation president, president and vice president of the Boys' of Leland, 111., as Jack W. Hanks, 16, Mid Nation in the White House Rose Garden, land. Tex., vice president, looks on. (UPI) mm MAKE YOUR VACATION PAY OFF V , 5 VI ti J r II fi ' ' ' i i i i ?! ! h 3 ENCEti ) i IkW tv. ' N J jfULLERj' ffj - 1 x' l'bvjv'i t $ Q J 111 1 - if 31 rR0TE(T SHAKES. SHINGLES. ROl '(ill WOOD SlUIAC lUTll HLLtR liLSlll H.MMItS Fuller finishes preserve the rough, natural tex ture of rustic wood. 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Italy's un precedented prosperity of re cent years did not seem to as suage the discontent. The argument seems to go like this: If you used to earn one Lira and someone else earned 100, the fact that now you cam two and the other man 200 (or you believe he does) doesn't make you any happier. Another factor is that the person who has just discovered prosperity, things that were tolerated for cen turies may suddenly become unbearable. Togliatti's strength is In his awareness of this discontent and in his efforts to personify it in his party. His recent elec tion campaigns were almost entirely "against" the Chris tian Democrats rather than being "for" anything. with the uneasiness there is in world Communist party ranks over the Sino-Soviet split and other aspects of Ni kita Khrushchev's policies, Togliatti might well have been embarrassed in giving the comrades too many spe cific things to fight "for." This has shown itself in Italy in the fact that the Commu nists have been plagued over the past few months by a steady trickle of defections of minor provincial party offic ials who searched their minds and found that they were not Communists any more. But unlike the Marxist- schooled party officials, Ital ian voters are uncomplicated. With many of them, Togliat ti's campaign against govern ment "inefficiency" and "cor ruption" was a hit. The Com munist vote skyrocketed from 6.7 million votes in 1958 to 7,767,601 in April, the highest Italy s Reds have ever polled. For the first time since 1946, the Communists and Social ists combined outpolled the Christian Democrats 39.1 to 38.3 per cent. Workable Alliance If current efforts for workable alliance of Christian Democrats and Socialists fall new elections in the spring of next year are extremely like ly. And if the Communists ad. vance again, this could well touch off a chain reaction In which first the Socialists and then other groups or Indi vidual parliament members would jump on the Red band wagon. Most non - Communist poll ticians agree that a more ef fective government policy in past years could have stopped the Communists and even caused a serious crisis in their ranks. But these critics have opposite views of what that policy should have been. Togliatti, back after the war from years of exile in Moscow, rebuilt the Commu nist party from scratch in Allied-liberated Italy. The em phasis then was on violence. In the "Red belt" of Emilia Romagna, Communist under ground fighters who descend ed from the hills at the end of the war summarily "exe cuted" hundreds - some of them Fascists, others Just peo ple they happened to dislike. For a time, the tide was running for them. Communist ministers were in the govern ment coalition while Commu nist labor leaders stirred strikes and riots against that same government in a two pronged bid for power. Ousted The Communists In 1947, the late Christian Democratic Premier Alcide de Gasperl ousted the Commu nists and Socialists from the government and forced a de cisive test. In general elections in 1948 the Christian Demo crats and other democratic parties under De Gasperl lead ership trounced a Communist Socialist "peoples front." Red hopes of winning power peacefully at the polls seemed to be dashed for all time. A few months later, a Si cilian student shot and ser iously wounded Togliatti. The party, left leaderless, reacted In the Instinctive way, launch. Ing a nationwide Insurrection. The fighting lasted five days and claimed 21 lives. More than 200 were wounded. But eventually the tough riot po lice under Interior Minister Mario Scelba put down the In surrection. One such occasion was In July, 1BB0, when many were killed in Communist riots against the late Premier Fer nando Tambroni, who rested on unpopular neo-Fasclst sup port. Tambroni's government fell, but the Communists gained no say whatsoever in the cabinet that followed It. Has Taken Pains By and large, Togliatti has taken pains to build a popular Image of the Communists as a peace-loving, democratic par ty and a defender of the con stitution against the "dicta tion" of the Christian Demo crats. His political game has been rather unscrupulous even by Communist standards. In 1959-60 he shocked a number of party members by joining forces with neo Fascists to support the Si cilian government of rebel Catholic Silvia Milazzo. Even before then Tiogli- atti's parliamentary policies made a number of revolution ary - minded party veterans nd fellow-travelers unhappy. In 1956, with dcStaliniza- tion and the Hungarian revolt, the Socialists of Pietro Nenni, until then faithful allies of Togliatti, broke their "unity of action" pact with the Com munists and started on a long nd uncertain path which so far has taken them only mid way between Communism and ami-Communism. The shock at the time was heavy. A number of leading Communists, including depu ty Antonio Giolitti and Sen. Eugenio Reale, one of the founding members of the Cominform, noisily quit the party. Hundreds of others tip toed out quietly. In two years, according to official party figures, mem bership in the Italian Com munist party fell from 2,053, 000 to little over 1.7 million. It has since been rising al most steadily but Is still far short of the 2 million mark aimed for by the party leaders. 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