11 :
6 A
SUNDAY. JULY ?, 1963
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
South Africa's Race Problem
Said Ingrained in Its History
By NEIL SMITH
United Press International
, Johannesburg -IlIPII- At the
rugged southernmost tip of
Africa where the continent
juts out into the temperate
zone lies South Africa.
This is a land of gold and
diamonds, of year-round aun
shine, of stern Calvinist tra
ditions. luxury living - and
one of the world's worst ra
cial problems.
The race problem is deeply
ingrained in the country's his
tory. When the fjrst white
settlers arrived from Holland
in 1652 they found the sub
continent inhabited by primi
tive yellowish-skinned bush'
men and Hottentot tribes.
The Bantu races who today
form the bulk of the non
white population were slow-
ly migrating down the eastern
side of we country, separated
from the newly arrived Euro
peans by a no-man's-land at
least 750 miles wide
The primitive tribes died
out, exterminated by attacks
from both whites and Bantu,
and ravaged by smallpox. In
the 18th Century white and
black began a century-long
battle for possession of the
rich grazing and farming
lands. The white man won
and the framework for to
day's tensions was completed.
Britain became the para
mount power in South Africa
at the time of the Napolcnic
wars. A century later she con
qucred the independent Boer
republics founded by descend
ants of the early Dutch set
tlers who trekked vast dis
tances to escape from British
racial legislation. The Union
of South Africa was formed
in 1910. and for SO years its
relationship with Britain was
slmilnr to that of Australia,
Canada and New Zealand.
In 1961 South Africa be-
came an independent republic
outside the Commonwealth
and now it faces the future
as the lone white Wcstern-orl
ented state in a huge, black,
neutralist continent.
Proportion Dropping
But if the state is "white'
Its population is overwhelm
ingly non-white. The 3.2-mll-
lion white South Africans
hold sway over 11-million Af
ricans, 1.3 -million coloreds
(mulattos) and 500,000 Asi
atics who have little or no
say in running the country.
Despite continuing white
immigration the proportion of
whites is dropping steadily
and demographers estimate
that by the end of the century
the present proportion of 20
per cent will have dropped
to 15 per cent due to the high
non-white birth rate and im
proved medical facilities pro
vided paradoxically enough
by white taxpayers.
This land sprawls over 472
000 square miles. With Its
arid dependency of South
West Africa, to all intents and
purposes a fifth province of
th republic. It covers an area
almost as great as the United
States cast of the Mississippi.
The ruling whites include
about 2 million Afrikaners,
strongly Calvinist descend
ants of the early Dutch set
tlers. They are possibly the
only white race in the world
almost totally uninfluenced
by the great liberal resur
gence that began with the
American and French revolu
tions. There are also more
than one million English
speaking South Africans and
smaller numbers of almost
every nationality in Europe.
Racial Variety
The Africans, coloreds and
Asiatics embrace as much ra
cial variety as the white
group: Stone Age bushmen
remnants, Zulu college pro
fessors, Moselm descendants
of Malay slaves, proud Sikhs,
and weird permutations of
i
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A f r ikancr-Hottentot-Englislv
Bantu miscegnation.
It is against this backdrop
that the South African racial
drama is being played out.
The South African govern
ment, in the hands of the
largely Afrikaner National
party since 1948, is pushing
ahead rapidly with its apar
theid or "separate develop
ment" policy. In the simplest
terms it amounts to a massive
ana costly attempt to un
scramble the South African
racial omelette through rigid
segregation, not only between
white and black, but between
the different tribal units
among the Bantu.
Checkerboard Commonwealth
It envisages an eventual
checkerboard commonwealth
of black and white nations
within the borders of South
Africa. The black nations, or
"Bantustans", based on the
wretchedly poor but potenti
ally wealth'.' African reserves
will have their own indus
tries, universities, highways,
banking houses and parlia
ments. In these nations the
white man will have no politi
cal rights, just as in the white
areas the African must accept
the status of a temporary la
borer without property oi
franchise rights.
Rulers of the "Bantustans
will be the tribal chieftains,
whose position and prestige
have been greatly enhanced
by the white government that
pays their salaries.
Black nationalists say a
black state ruled by these
privileged chiefs and their
"yes man" councillors can
only have a mockery of inde
pendence. The chiefs, they
say, must inevitably oppose
the Introduction of modern
democratic concepts, or face
the fate of Nobel Peace Prize
winner ex-Chief Albert Lu
thuli, who lost his position
and freedom for fighting apar
theid. Form Greatest Proportion
The black nationalists, who
form by far the greatqr pro
portion of politically consci
ous Africans, want to see the
same process take place in
South Africa as has already
occurred in Tanganyika, Ni
geria and Ghana. They de
mand the right to vote and
sweep the white man's privi
leges away. , -
The wealth of South Africa,
built up on the basis ot white
enterprise and cheap black
labor, Is one of the wonders
of the continent. Unlike other
African states with a one-
product economy. South Af
rica is a complex, modern)
industrial state. Its gold mines
alone produce $7S0-million
worth of the precious metal
year. Streams of uranium,
diamonds, platinum, coal, cop
per and manganense add to
the mineral output.
What is 1 e 8 s generally
known is that today manufac
turing is far more important
to the South African national
economy than either mining
or agriculture. In I960 the
factories of South Africa turn
ed out manufactured goods
ranging from automobiles to
zip fasteners with a total
value of more than $4 billion.
Have More Money
Attempts to Impose inter
national trade boycotts against
South Africa have failed, and
today South Africans of all
races have more money in
their pockets, and more con
sumer goods in their homes
than ever before.
The country is one of the
great trading nations of the
world. Its external trade is
greater than any Western
Hemisphere nation, except
the United States and Canada.
Its import-export turnover ex
ceeds that of such highly de
veloped nations as Denmark,
Norway, Finland, Austria and
Switzerland.
The cities of the republic
are as modern and impressive
as any ot comparable size in
the United States. Johannes
burg, the richest and biggest
of them all, has become a sky
scraper metropolis of almost
1 .23 million population in less
than 80 years.
lh
ffwi 772-5211, Medford
482-2116, Ashland
Barn Destroyed by
Fire on Saturday
The Eagle Point fire dr.
partment and the Shady Cove
rural fire department were
called to a (arm on the Ar
kansas Flat rd. Just off the
Crater Lake highway to ex
tinguish a fire about 2 a.m.
Saturday.
A large hay barn was burn
ed by flames of undetermined
origin. The other buildings on
the property were saved, the
t w o departments reported.
Ownership of the barn was
not known to the fire fight
ers. The farm is located about
?cvcn miles north of Eagle
Point.
PL A. NT PURCHASED
Cnivallis-ilTt - The Pean
Plywocd plant west u here
has been putcnasecl by Lead
ing PlywooJ Co. .
- y - VP'S cnTititiC. X-fji',
saw-!
I j f La 2 m "u
HOUSING CONTRAST Small tin -roofed
housing project homes for black South Afri
cans (top picture) at Chestcrburg, a suburb
of Druban, contrast sharply with the mod
ern, multi-storied dwellings for white South
Africans (bottom) in Johannesburg. (Ul'I)
Diamond Sun Glass
Lenses are so sturdy
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Convenient Credit
We give Green Stamps
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MEDFORD SHOPPING CENTER
Phone 772-9990
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Dn. Omar 1. Nolei and William T. Hodson
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r y tops
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