Medford mail tribune., May 16, 1963, Image 16

4 B
THURSDAY, MAY 16. 1963
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Lewis and Clark Student Tells Of House of Parliament Visit
(Editor's noiei Thii li
another in series ei dis
patches irom Charles A.
(Chuck) Moore, former Med
ford resident participating
In the "English Pioneers"
program. Participants are
elected by th. Experiment
In International Living and
Lewis nd Citric collage,
where Moor if student.
H U the ion ei Mr. and
Mn. C. A. Moor. 1239
Wilion dr.. Grants Pan.)
By CHARLES A. MOORE
The 29 Pioneeri from Lewis
and Clark college were met at
St. Stephen's entrance to the
Houses of Parliament, the
Palace of Westminster by Sir
Cyril Osborne, member of
', Parliament. For two hours he
was to become our guide
through centuries of parlia
mentary history and tradition
Our first lesson in history
' was given upon entering St
Stephen's hall. We were told
that the beautiful frescos, mo
saics, stained glass and vault
ed ceiling of this chapel were
purposely hidden from the
' eye by Commons when Ed
ward VI, in 1S47, gave It to
that House as their first "sep
arate home" since the separa
tion of the Lords and Com
. mons during the reign of Ed-
ward III. .
But try as they did, the
MP's could not forget they
were meeting in a chapel. In
recognition of this fact, they
continued to bow toward the
altar which the speaker's
1 chair had replaced. Although
the Commons has long since
been given another home, the
custom survives.
Haw Significance
In this chapel the words of
Trevelyan, Ashley, and other
historians whose accounts of
England we have read, took
on a new significance. Now
they were becoming events
that actually happened, not
just words In books.
Those of us studying the
17th century became especial
ly excited because that cen
tury is one of the richest in
Parliamentary developm e n t.
Every room had a 17th cen
. tury story to tell or a tradi
tion from that period to show.
For Instance, In one room
Charles I entered in 1642 at.
' tempting to arrest five promt
. nent leaders tor treasonable
Utterances in the House.
This was the last time a
Monarch was able to enter the
Commons while it was in ses
sion. To this day, the 'Queen
' cannot even enter the cham-
ber to call the Parliament In
session. At the state opening
of Parliament she must sit at
her throne In the House of
. Lords and summon Commons
to. her. .,"
Around traditional Cores
. Although the new chamber
of the House of Commons has
taken on a more simple and
dignified atmosphere than 11
could have in St.' Stephen's
chapel, all innovations have
taken place around the tradi
tional core of the institution,
The green, leather upholstered
benches are still arranged
along the length of the hall
facing the center aisle which
separates government and Her
Majesty's Loyal Opposition.
On the floor in front of
each sat of benche is a red
stripe, over which no member
may cross when addressing
the House. This practice dates
from Tudor times, when it
was necessary to keep mem
bers of opposing groups out
of sword's reach.
The provision still is as
practical as it was in Tudor
days for, according to our
guide, although swords are no
longer allowed in the Cham
ber, the stripes have prevent
ed many a fight from ma
terializing beyond angry dis
course. -Common's
Procedures
Sir Osborne then acquaint
ed us with some of the Com
mon's procedures. One of the
most interesting is that no
written statements can be
read by the MP's. This means
a member must have skillful
command of language and
quick wit to answer his oppo
nent's charges on the debating
floor. And at all times, he
must bear In mind that his
speeches are being recorded
verbatum for posterity's (and
the opposition's) careful scru
tiny.
Sir Osborne defended the
formality of Parliamen t a r y
language by showing how it
aided the control of tempers
which is so necessary to de
baters. Then extending this
example to life in general, he
told us. ''if you say it bitter, It
will come back bluer; so if
you can say it nicely and
smile, It's better."
One of the modern innova
tions that has taken place in
the Chamber is the heating
of the floors. "No longer have
members cause to complain of
hot heads and cold feet," we
were told.
The special privilege of
visiting the document room in
the library of the House of
Lords fell to those of us study
ing early English history.
Some of the documents here
were written on Vellum rolls
that are as much as a third of
a mile long. The Petition of
Rrght, 1628, was of great in
terest because this petition,
not satisfactorily answered by
the King, caused 40,000 peo
ple to go to America.
Also present were letters of
Henrietta Maria, Charles I's
French Queen, that were sent
to France urging French
troops be Bent to put down
the insurrections of Parlia
ment.
After C r o m well's revolu
tion, these letters were dis
covered and used against
Charles at his trial. The King,
held responsible for his wife's
treasonous acts, was sentenced
to death in 1649. His death
warrant bearing Oliver Crom
well's signature was the high
point of the tour for us in the
17th century studies.
Taking his leave of the
group and wishing us well,
Sir Cyril Osborne left us to
muse over all we had seen and
heard of the history and tradi
tions of Parliament. And that
we did as we parted from the
Houses of Parliament
Newburn Resigns
Post in Montana
Helena, Mont. - IUPD - Dr.
Harry K. Newburn, president
of Montana State University
in Missoula, has submitted his
resignation to the State Board
of Regents here.
Dr. Newburn, former presi
dent of the University of Ore
gon, said he would take a pro
fessorship at another univer
sity. He did not identify the
school, but it was understood
to be the University of Ari
zona at Tcmpe in the graduate
school of education.
The resignation Is effective
Oct. 15.
10 Area Students Get Scholarships
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
mm 1 ; THURSDAY, MAY , 83 g
Kennedy and Truman Disagree on Walker's Career in History
BUnfpRrLnS& : , warring factions In Nicaragua , Five year, after he landed , ,,. Th m. ,.. .. ' '
Corvallls A total of 299
Oregon students, Including 10
from the Medford area have
been awarded scholarships to
attend Oregon State univer
sity next year from the State
Scholarship commission.
E. B. Lemon of Corvallis,
chairman of the State Scholar
ship commission, said the
scholarships are worth $228
each for the coming year.
Medford area students se
lected are Susan Mary Dill,
Dennis Leland Gaster, Judith
Sue Hueners, Nona Jean Don
ahue and James Roger Spoerl
of Medford; Rodney Allan
Badger and Milton K. Dailey
of Gold Hill; John Rhys Wood
of Butte Falls; Susan D. Car
roll of Eagle Point; and Jeff,
rey Clare Anhorn of Central
Point.
My dentures
were killing me...
I tried ill (he piste, and powder and
pads. Same old trouble! Rocking and
dipping made my mouth sore nd,
made me irritable. Then I ipoke to
my dentist ... he told me about
CUSHION, the soft-flowing pls.tie
that molds to the gums. Now I eat
what I want enjoy what I eat and
my gums feel so good. CUSHION
stays soft . . . that's its secret ... and
that was my relief. Mildly medicated
to heal gum soreness; pleasant mimy
flavor guards your breath. Ask your
druggist for CUSHION. You must
be satisfied or you get your money
back. Long 'lasting supply only
$1.49.
Consumer Measure
Back in Committee
Salem -WPD- A consumer
protection bill has been sent
back to the Senate Financial
Affairs committee with specif
ic Instructions for amend
ments, but there were doubts
the revised bill would be able
. to get back to the Senate
floor.
The bill would outlaw quan
tlty limits on advertised mer-
chandlse, and restrict sale of
' items at less than cost,
v. Sen. Ted Hallock (D-Port-land)
urged passage of the
committee-approved version.
Sen. Vernon Cook (D-Gresh-am)
led the battle to get the
measure sent back to com
mittee. He said the bill was
, unworkable. He demanded
, amendments be stricken from
the measure, and that It be re
turned to its original form,
The measure went back lo
committee on an 18-12 vote
with orders It be acted upon
wiuiin nours.
College Debaters
Compete in Weed
Ashland - Southern OroDnn
college ttehators competed
with college of the Slskiyous
debate team in Informal de
' bates and extemporaneous
speeches recently at Weed,
Calif. : '
' Two debates W8XC otVAil nn
the national question "Re. ,
solved that the non-commu.)
, nlst nations of the world
should form an economic I
community." j
Jim Manuel, Myrtle Creek,
and Barbara Gvsln. Phu.-mv
, debated twice against college
of the Slskiyous and won
once.
Norville Sherman, Jackson.
vlJIe, represented Southern
Oregon college in extempora
neous speaking and was
Judged the superior speaker
In his round. ,
' Dr. Harold Barrett, assis
tant professor of speech, is de
l kale coach,
By ROBERT F. BUCKHORN
united cress international
Washington 1UPI President
Kennedy and former Presi
dent Harry S. Truman have
crossed history books over an
American who was a presi
dent himself before a firing
squad cut short his career.
William Walker was a ty
' rant, Kennedy told a group of
students at the San Jose meet
ing of Central American
. states.
Not so, said Truman when
word of Kennedy's remark
got back to Independence, Mo.
Walker was a man "endowed
with an unusual capacity for
leadership," said the former
president.
Most Americans had no
opinion. Few had even heard
of William Walker.
But in Central America, the
name meant a lot. Jose Maria
Borgen, a deputy to the Nica
raguan congress, said he plan
ned to send the United States
a bill for the damage Walker
did to his country.
In Spain, students turned
out to demonstrate before' the
U.S. Embassy, annoyed be
cause Kennedy put the Span
ish conquerors in the sam
Who was Walker? He was
a lot of men, A doctor, a
lawyer, a newspaper editor,
an author, a general. Also the
President of Nicaragua - the
only American to be elected
head of a foreign nation. It
was this last job that caused
all the trouble for the Nashville-born
Walker. ,
In 1855, "General" Walker
landed in Nicaragua with a 68
man army he had recruited
along San Francisco's Barbary
Coast. Denying he was a free
booter, he produced an offi
cial invitation from one of the
warring factions In Nicaragua
to show he had been legally
invited to help bring law and
order to the revolt-torn nation.
Walker brought order. He
also took over the entire na
tion. Before he was through,
he had been elected president,
recruited 2,600 Americans for
his army, fought wars with
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Gua
temala and Honduras, got
short-lived diplomatic recog
nition from the United States,
and came within a few mus
ket balls of setting up an em
pire that stretched from Mexi
co to Panama.
in Nicaragua Walker was
dead, shot by a firing squad at
the age of 35.
It was not really the rifle
bullets that killed Walker's
dream of empire, but rather
a mistake he made in a choice
of business partners.
As Walker saw it, the real
power in Nicaragua lay in the
possibility of a canal linking
the Atlantic and the Pacific.
Even in his time, more than
a half-century before a canal
actually was built in Panama,
plans were being made for one
that would run through Nica
ragua. The man behind these
plans was Commodore Cor
nelius Vanderbilt, who had
already won the right of trans
it from an earlier Nicargun
government.
When Walker arrived in
Nicaragua, Vanderbilt sup
ported him, hoping he would
be able to stabilize the gov
ernment. Walker needed
Vandcrbilt's steamship line. It
carried passengers from New
York and New Orleans to the
East coast of Nicaragua, and
then shipped them overland to
a Vanderbilt ship waiting on
the Pacific side for the jour
ney to California
Gold Rush Route
This was the quickest way
for Americans to reach Cali
fornia in the gold rush days
of the 1850's. But to Walker,
Its was his only means of get
ting recruits shipped down by
his agents in the United
States.
It was over the steamship
line that Walker made his
mistake. In a stock battle for
control of the line. Walker sid
ed with Vandorbllt'a enemies,
and forced the Commodore
out. But the victory turned to
aeicat wnen Vanderbilt re
gained control of the line, and
cut off Walker's supply of re
cruits. That was the begin
ning oi uie end lor the self
styled "gray-eyed man of des
tiny." But Walker went out in a
blaze of glory. He fought off
me combined armies of the
Central American Republics
lor monms before he finally
surrendered - then not to his
enemies but to an American
warship.
Kennedy, trying to use his
tory as a guide for today's
problems, said the hemisphere
will never be secure until
a
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The World We Live In
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1193
Uii3
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Russia eoes the way of mn
like William Walker.
According to Kennedy,
Walker ranks In history along,
side George III of Britain,
the Spanish conquerors, and
Maxmillan. , .
Truman Disagrees
But Truman doesn't agree.
He thinks Kennedy has his
history confused.
Walker's purpose, Truman
said "was to unite the Central
American nations into a kind
of United States patterned
after our own."
Rather than comparing Rus
sia's tactlc'a to Walker's, Tru- :
man hinted that there would
be no problem If Walker had
his way.
Truman said Walker want
ed to Include Cuba in his
Organization of American
States. If he had been success
ful, Truman aald. "It mloht
have resulted in Influencing
the shape of affairs we have
with us today."
Both Back.d
Both Kennedy and Truman
can find historians who will
back up their arguments.
Some say that Walker was. as .
Truman put it, "a kind of rev
olutionary idealist." Others
tabbed him as nothing more
than a bandit who was out for
what he could get. , a
Walker himself seemed to
change his plans from day to
day. At times he said he
wanted to weld all the Cen
tral American Republics into
one nation. And even Indi
cated he would favor their
eventual annexation by the
United States. At other times,
he said he wanted nothing
more than the few hundred
acres of land he had been '
promised for his services to
the Niceraguan government.
But while Kennedy. Tru.
man and the historians argue,
Niceraguan Congressman Bo
regon is totaling up Walker's
damage bill - an Idea he said
he got from listening to Ken
nedy's speech
Returns
In Triumph To
British House
London -UllPD- Sit Winston
Churchill, 88, returned in tri
umph to his beloved House of
Commons for the first time to
U months Tuesday.
The elder statesman was
greeted with cheers irom Con
servatives, LaborJtes and Lib
erals alike when he made his
entrance.
He stayed only 36 minutes.
but obviously enjoyed every
minute. He appeared frail and
showed his age. But he was in
good spirits. At one ooint.
made a witty parry of a Labor
MP's thrust, the old statesman
waved his parliamentary pa
pers in the air.
Welcomed by Macmlllan
Prime Minister Harold Mao
muian rose 10 welcome oacic v
our most dlstlnsuished mem
ber."-
Labor party leader Harold
Wilson and Liberal party lead.
er Jo Grimand quickly asso- ,
dated themselves with Mac
millan's remarks. Sir Winston '
bowed gravely from his seat
to each compliment.
il was a aramiuc pcrtorm.
ance, for it appeared unlikely
that Churchill ever would re
turn to the Commons after he
fell and broke his leg almost a
year ago in an accident which
almost ended his life.
Prophecy Fulfilled i
But his appearance Tuesday
fulfilled the prophecy he
made to his son, Randolph, at
the time of the accident, when
he whispered! "I'll see you In
Commons."
Only 13.daysago, Churchill
announced he would not run
again in the next general elec
tion, thus ending 60 years as
a member of Parliament.
Many MPs believed that
Churchill's appearance Tues
day was swsn song. They
felt he was taking a last look
at the oak-paneled chamber
where he made so much his
tory before he decided to step
out of politics.
Natural Resources
Proposal Pushed
Salem-OPB-A proposed
Slate Department of Natural
Resources has been given an
unexpected push forward by
the full Ways and Means com.
mlttce. i
It sent the reorganization
bill to the House floor "with
out recommendation."
Although the endorsement
was weak, it was more than
supporters thought it would
get when Speaker Clarence
Barton sent the measure to
Ways and Means a month ago,
The action came as the
committee acted on 33 meas
ures tn an effort to speed
bills with fiscal Implication
to the floor ao the 196) ses
sion can adjourn.