MEDFORD&aTRIBUNE
SECTION B MEDFORD, OREGON, MONDAY. APRIL 29, 1963
PAGES 1 to 8
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THE PERFECT BATTLE Chancellorsville,
known as "the perfect battle," was fought
May 1-4, 1863, in the tangled second growth
of the wilderness. In the four days of fight
ing, Gen. Robert E. Lee. with 60,000 men,
defeated Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker and his
army of 134,000. Lee's tactics were so well
conceived and executed that they are still
studied today. At first Lee was flanked and
his army put in the jaws of a giant pincer.
Lee and Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jack
son took the initiative-Lee in front with a
thin grey line of only 1.700 men. and Jack
son in a flanking movement. It was at
Chancellorsville. while organizing his men
for a night attack, that Jackson was hit by
fire from his own lines. His injuries ap
peared not to be serious but in less than two
weeks he would be dead. Lee fought and
won a perfect battle near Chancellorsville,
a plantation house near the crossing of
three roads. But the loss of Jackson would
make the victory a hollow one. The Army
of Northern Virginia would never fight as
well again. Here, from the Library of
Congress collection, is a drawing of the
battle. (UP1)
South Wins 'Perfect Battle'
By MERTON T. AKERS us bailie on our own grounHs.
UPI Correspondent where certain destruction
The "perfect battle-Chan- awaits him . . ."
cellorsville - was fought May j But Lee had not been heard
1-2-3-4, 1863, in the tangled j 'rem.
lecond growth of oaks and! He. 'earned of Hookers
pines in northern Virginia flanking movement on the
known as the Wilderness. nlSnt f April 29. He sent one
In four days of fighting i division under Maj. Gen. Rich
Gen Robert E. Lee with ard H. Anderson to meet it.
60.000 underfed Confederate Anderson dug in east of Chan
troops defeated the 134.000-1 cellorsville across the roads
man Union Army of the Po- running east towards Fred
tomac under Maj. Gen. Jo- mcksburg Chancellors 1 le
seph Hooker in a series of tac- I was a plantation house where
tics so well conceived and ; thrce roads crossed
executed that they still are ; By the time Anderson was
studied by military men 100 , dug In he found he faced
years later ,nree Umon corps and parl of
Tactically it was Lee s fin- a f"rth. Anderson's orders
est hour - Hooker's worst. were lo Ilnt 50 ne stayed-
The fighting - really throe Attack Held Off
battles - occurred in an area Hooker arrived at Chan
about 15 miles wide and 7 j cellorsville on April 30 but
miles deep. Nearly 200.000 held off his attack that day.
men maneuvered and fought j Here he lost valuable hours
almost elbow to elbow in the j which he never would re
constricted region from Fred-; trieve.
ericksburg, Va., on the cast, j The military rule books call
to the Wilderness Tavern, j for a general in Lee's posi
decp in the woods on the tion, outflanked and out nunv
west. The Rappahannock and bered, to retreat to a new
Rapidan Rivers bounded the defense position. But Lee sel
fighting area on the north. ' dom went by the books.
A road running from Todd's Leaving only a reinforced
Tavern in the Wilderness in : division to hold Sedgwick's
an easterly direction marked
the southern perimeter.
First Campaign
This was Hooker's first cam
forces at Fredericksburg, he
sent the rest pf his army west
toward Anderson's position.
Lt. Gen. Thomas J. (Stone-
paign as commanaer ot ine , u-ixov.. iCu n.coc
Army of the Potomac. He had On arriving at Anderson's dug
succeeded Maj. Gen. Ambrose j m position, Jackson stopped
E. Burnside in January at a lne entrenching and put the
time when the army had hit I troops on the offensive,
its lowest morale point he- Suddenly Hooker found
cause of the disastrous battle himself on the defensive
of Fredericksburg
By the end of April Hooker
had restored the morale and
beefed up the army with new
units until it was in top fight
ing trim.
Hooker's battle plans have
been pronounced excellent by
military men
against half as many men. He
hesitated and ordered his
troops back lo straighten his
lines. His generals protested
but the orders stood. Hooker's
confidence seemed shaken.
Advanced Slowly
Jackson's troops advanced
slowly and that night both
Lee's army was dispersed sidcs entrenched in the woods
south of Fredericksburg. Pro- Lee ana jacKson nad acneiv
visjons and forage were so ed the initiative. But if they
scarce that two divisions tin- j wcre to win they must keep
der Lt. Gen. James Long- j Hooker's big army off bal
street had been sent to south-; anfc-. ': ... ...
ern Virginia to gather sup-1 So ln the ''t hours of May
plies. This dispersal left Lee 1 v" dying campfire Lee
with a scant 60,000 men to i and Jackson made the daring
hold the approaches to Rich-1 decision to divide the Con
mond, Va., the capital. , federate army in the face of
Hooker planned to attack I superior numbers and do some
Lee's army on each flank. On ,la.nkl'n8 themselves.
April 27. 1863 at 5:30 a.m. ! Confederate cavalry ranging
Hooker, leading three corps me reu-
heavy. The XI corps was rout
ed and fell back upon the
main body.
Jackson was not satisfied
with his initial success. He
rode out in front of his men
after dark to organize a night
attack and finish the job.
As he rode between the
lines his own troops fired on
him and he was wounded in
the right hand and left arm
not seriously, it appeared at
first. Shortly, Maj. Gen. A. P.
Hill, the next ranking officer,
also was wounded. Gen. J. E
B. Stuart took over the com
mand and attacked the next
morning.
Hooker standing on the
porch at Chancellorsville was
knocked unconscious by
shell. He rallied but appeared
to be in a daze all day.
About noon on the day
Jackson attacked the right
wing, Sedgwick broke
through the thin Confederate
line at Fredericksburg weak
ened further by withdrawels
because of misunderstood
orders, and marched toward
the main body at Chancellors
ville. Strong Position
Lee turned the withdrawing
troops around and, with a
total now of 20,000 men, at
tacked Sedgwick on three
sides, driving him back across
the Rappahannock on May 4.
Hooker meanwhile had pull
ed his army, much of which
had not seen action, into
strong defense position.
When Lee turned back to
Hooker, he also retreated
across the Rappahannock.
Lee's "perfect battle" was
just that but it was a Pyrhhic
victory.
For Stonewall Jackson
would die in eight days -from
pneumonia-and without
Stonewall the Army of North
ern Virginia never would
fight as well again.
Hooker lost 17.278 in killed,
wounded and missing; Lee
12,821.
Alabama Negroes
Turn to Bus Lines
Birmingham, Ala. - UM -
Negro leaders planned to
broaden the scope of their
month-old campaign against
racial barriers in this South
ern industrial center today
and indicated the next target
would be the city bus system.
A spokesman for the Ne
gro leadership here said a
delegation would meet with
officials of the Birmingham
Transit company today to de
mand that the company hire
Negroes as drivers.
The spokesman indicated
the threat of a boycott hung
over the financially shaky
company. which resumed
service Saturday after a
strike by employees, if the
demands are not met.
Small groups of Negroes
attempted Sunday to attend
morning worship services at
Birmingham's white churches
for the third week in a row,
but the effort met with lim
ited success.
Activity Increases
In House, Senate
Washington - IUPD - Con
gressional activity increases
this week as the House acts
on a series of bills and the
Senate faces a major test on
Republican efforts to cut
spending.
The House is scheduled to
act on bills giving employ
ers a minor tax break, keep
public health, education and
federal labor activities roll
ing and to pump an addition
al $2 billion into lending au
thority of the Export-Import
bank.
The Senate will take up the
House approved proposal
to pump another $450 mil
lion into anti-recession pub
lic works projects. The pro
posal is part of a $1.4 bil
lion supplemental money bill
and it is here that the Sen
ate will face its big test on
spending cuts.
Senate Republicans have a
series of amendments aimed
at cutting the funds and Sen.
Leverett Saltonstall (R-Mass.)
will seek to reduce it to $250
million.
Shift To a Shift
himself, set off on a lung
round-about march to the west
to attack Lee's left flank
Two more corps under Maj
eral army discovered that it
was "in tht air" and unguard
ed Lee kept 17.000 men in
Gen. John Sedgwick moved front of Hooker s forces and
into position at Fredericks- scnl Jackson with 26,000
burg to make a diversion 'rops on a swinging flanking
against Lee's right flank. Two march to strike the unprotect
other corps were held in re- ed right wing
serve to be used on either All day on May 2 Jackson s
jjan fool cavalry marched west
By April 29 Hooker's right and north All I day Lee wait
wing was across the Rappa-, h in grey line.
hanSock and Rapidan Riven, " Hoqker attacked Lee before
well beyond Lee's left flank Jackson could strike Uw right
Kn m nrina east io-'wlnC- Le? 17.000 could not
ward Fredericksburg. Sedg- sloP him
wick at the same time began
to cross the Rappahannock be
low Fredericksburg.
Caught in Pincer
The Armv of Northern Vir
ginia appeared to be caught ing column out iney coum not
between the two arms of a convince Howard that the
giant pincer. movement was dangerous.
Hooker was elated by the Hooker warned Howard to
results so far and went out watch his right, too.
on a limb Hooker didn't attack Lee
On April 30 in General Or- but Jackson fell on Howard's
der No. 47 he said, ". . . op- corps at 5:15 p.m
erations of the last three days In the two remaining hours
have determined that our of daylight the Confederates
enemy must either inglorious- rolled back the Union right,
ly fly. or come out from be- The fighting was tierce, the
hind his defenses and give confusion great and the losses
Eisenhowers Head
For Gettysburg
San Bernardino. Calif. -IUPD
- Former President Dwight
D. Eisenhower was en route
to his Gettysburg. Pa., farm
today after a nearly lour
month winter vacation on the
southern California desert.
Eisenhower ended his slay
with informal comments at
trainside that touched on
French President Charles de
Gaulle, the 1964 presidential
race, and the difference be
tween writing war and per
sonal memoirs.
More than 500 persons were
at the station as General and
Mrs. Eisenhower boarded a
private car.
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Fierce Fighting
Maj Gen O O. Howard
held the Union right flank
with his XI corps. Some of his
troops detected Jackson's fly-
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