2 B
SUNDAY. MARCH 3, 1963
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
recat'lDecisionsrlndicB; Democracy Working?'
(Editor' not: Thii ii tht
fifth in nriti of article
in th Greet Decision pro.
gram. Th malarial hr
wai provided by iha For
eign Policy Aiiocleiion,
ponton of th program.
Thi week' lubject i
"India Ii Democracy
working?")
At the moment all is quiet
along the desolate Himalayan
border regions between India
and China. But as the spring
thaws approach, Hie will be
gin to quicken in those dis
tant wastelands.
In a matter of weeks the
world will know whether or
not Chinese armies, now biv
ouacked inside the northern
gateways of India, are to be
sent onward deeper into the
Asian subcontinent
It was last Oct. 20 that the
Chinese unleashed a two-
pronged attack against India,
One prong hit the Ladakh sec
tion of Kashmir in the north
west. The second Chinese
prong drove into India from
the northeast. In both areas
Indian troops fled in disorder.
Then, in an abrupt about-
face last November, the Chi
ncse ordered a cease-fire.
Their armies moved back
in the northeast. But in
Ladakh, where there are stra
tegic roads linking Sinkiang
to Communist-dominated Ti
bet, the Chinese retained con
trol of a 12,000-square-mile
area of territory.
Colombo Plan
The lull in the fighting af
forded diplomats an opportu
nity to arrange a settlement.
In December 1 902, represen
tatives of six Asian and Afri
can nations Burma, Cam
bodia, Ceylon, Ghana, Indo
nesia and the United Arab
Republic (Egypt) meeting in
Colombo (Ceylon) put forth a
plan for a demilitarized cease
fire zone.
According to the plan, the
Chinese were to pull back
2','i miles in Ladakh while
Indian troops were to hold
their positions. The demilita
rized buffer zone between the
front lines would be adminis
tered by civilians from both
sides. This arrangement is
actually a compromise be
tween previous Chinese and
Indian proposals.
In the northeast, Indian
troops would reoccupy most
of the territory evacuated by
the Chinese after their self
proclaimed ceasefire. This
would advance Indian lines
up to the so-called McMahon
Line, which was established
by the British as a border in
1014, but never accepted by
any Chinese government.
Described As Accepieble
Nehru has described the
proposals as "by and large"
acceptable to India, and the
Indian Parliament has given
I v V ' '3 jiff -) & Y-Jr"-
" m i I "V" ' if v'-r ' v A
t i i ' A - 'r' I '- " "t , ,
RECRUITS WEIGHED - Army recruits are
weighed by hanging on a scale as Indian
men take up arms in the border battle with
Red China. After rigorous testing, only
about 10 per cent of the men are accepted.
(UPI)
its tacit approval to the Co-
ombo peace plan suggestions.
However, there are reports
that the Chinese arc in a
truculent mood and will not
accept the provision that In
dian troops reoccupy areas In
the northeast. There is specu
lation in some quarters that
the Chinese muy decide to
strike for further gains.
Indians are being told by
their leaders that the struggle
against the Chinese will be a
long one. Throughout the
country there has been a
surge of patriotic fervor and
determination to defeat the
Chinese. One Cabinet minis
ter is quoted at saying, "At
last we know who our friends
really are."
There has even been up
heaval in the Indian Commu
nist party as pro-Chinese lead
ers have been forced from
power. The party has echoed
the Indian government s
stand on the Colombo confer
ence cease-fire proposals.
Looking to Defenses
India, meanwhile, is look
ing to its defenses. There has
been talk of the U.S. and oth
er Western countries provid
ing an air umbrella should
the Chinese unleash their
planes against Indian cities.
This would free the Indian
air force for tactical strikes.
Nehru, attempting to cling.
to his noniilignmcnt policy,
has accepted the first four of
12 promised Soviet jet fighter
planes. Though of little mill
tary significance, it is an
irony of history that the So.
viets should supply India
with equipment that may be
used In a fight against Coin,
nuinist China.
Renewed fighting is a pos
sibility, but there is also
good chance that the Colombo
peace plan will provide the
basis for a settlement of Sino
Indian differences. It is wide
ly believed that the Chinese
are really after the strategic
areas in Ladakh and would be
willing to barter their gains
In the northeast for them.
Should this be their goal, it
could be achieved under the
Columbo plan provisions.
Talk on Kashmir
With his country hard
pressed by the Chinese, Prime
Minister Nehru has agreed to
discuss with Pakistan the 15-ycar-old
dispute over the
control and ownership of the
Vale of Kashmir. Large con
tingents of Pakistani and In
dian troops have been tied
down holding regions of
Kashmir.
It would obviously be to In
dia's advantage if the Kash
mir dispute were settled. The
Indian army could then con
centrate on defense against
the Chinese. U.S. diplomats
are on the scene, trying to
bring the talks to a success
ful conclusion.
The U.S. has a high stake
in the future of India, to
which it has given some $4
billion worth of economic aid.
By virtue of its size and im
portance, India has become a
sort of test case to see wheth
er democratic institutions and
methods can produce satisfac
tory economic progress in
underdeveloped lands. The
U.S., therefore, is eager to
have India overcome the Chi
nese challenge and get on
with the enormous task of
development.
Choices for th U.S.
What policies might the
U.S. pursue to achieve these
goals? Should it supply all the
necessary military help with
out strings so as to enable
Indian to end the Chinese
threat? Or should the U.S. use
the opportunity to extract a
pledge from Nehru that India
will give up nonalignment?
The U.S. must also decide
whether or not to step up its
economic aid to India to pre
vent development from fal
tering because of the diver
sion of resources to the mili
tary effort.
Each of these choices would
have major diplomatic effects
on U.S. relations with India,
Asia and the Communist
world. U.S. statesmen must
decide which course will best
serve the national interest in
the long run.
State Board Of Pharmacy Plans Action
Against Magazine's Birth Control Ad
By ANN H. PEARSON
United Press International
Salem - lliri) - The Oregon
Board of Pharmacy is seeking
to move against an advertise
ment for a contraceptive that
appeared in a nationally cir
culated Protestant magazine
in January.
Oregon prohibits the edver
Using of contraceptives except
in trade publications for doc-
Tree Farm Group
Sets March Meeting
Action being taken In op
position to House- Bill SO,
which would add 35 to 40
cents per thousand to the cost
of log hauling, according to
the Southern Oregon Conser
vation and Tree Farm associa
tion, will be discussed at the
meeting of the association,
called for Friday at the Rogue
Valley Couutiy club.
The meeting will be pre
ceded by dinner and a cock
tail hour starting at 7 p.m.
A current analysis of the
Southern Pacilic strike sit
uation also Is on the agenda
for the evening.
In the field of local ac
tivities, reports will be made
on the public relations pro
gram and the accomplish
ments of the Roxy and Sexton
radio networks,
tors or pharmacists. Twenly
nine other slates have similar
laws.
The ad appeared in the Jiui
uary Issue of the Christian
Herald, an interdenomination
al protestant monthly edited
by Dr. Daniel Poling and cir
culated by subscription. It has
45.000 subscribers nationally
and 4,857 in Oregon.
The ad Is believed to be
the first explicit arivlrtlse
menl of a birlh control prod
uct ever published by a iih
tlonally circulated (ami ly
magazine in this country.
ihc ad was placed by the
Emko Co. of St. Louis. Mo.,
manufacturers of an aerosol
vaginal foam which has been
widely tested in Puerto Rico,
and which has been reported
Equity Fund Holders
Increase in Number
The number of Individuals
owning Equity Fund shares
increased 17 per cent during
1062, It was reported at the
annual meeting of sharehold
ers In Seattle recently, ac
cording to Warren T. Ray
mond, president.
Edmund Hass Is resident
manager In Medford for the
Pacific Northwest company,
underwriter of Equity Fund
shares and investment advi
ser. The 4.100 shareholders in
Equity Fund, and open-end
investment fund, reside prin
cipally in Washington, Ore
gon and Idaho,
Eastern Oregon Will
Get Radar Facility
Washington - iWP - Rep.
Al Ullman (D.-Ore.) announc
ed Friday that Eastern Ore
gun will get an important new
radar facility as a result nf
a nationwide improvement
program just announced by
the Federal Aviation agency.
The $41)0,0110 installation,
according to Ullmin, wil! be
located in Condon, in Gilliam
county. It will be one of
eight similar facilities locatrd
throughout the country, de
signed to hlep eliminate gaps
in the air route traffic con
trol system.
The Condon installation
will be part of the control
center located al Seattle, and
will provide expanded cov
erage for efficient radar air
traffic control.
Ullman also announced
that the Federal Aviation
agency has approved installa
tion of two new air guidance
systems for the Klamath Falls.
Ore., airport at a cost of $48.
000. FEED STOR EBURNS
Gresham, Ore - 'LPF - Fire
early Saturday destroyed the
Doyle Staples Feed Store, a
100-year-old land mark al
Springdale five miles north
east of Gresham.
In medical literature to be
effective as a birlh control de
vice. A. G. McLain, chairman of
the Oregon Board f Pharm
acy, said the attorney gen
eral's office has been asked
for an opinion on whether a
cease and desist order can be
issued against the magazine.
He said tthe board also was
considering a request to Emko
whose product Is licensed by
the board for side in Oregon.
A cense nnd desist order
would apply to future issues
of the magazine.
McLain said the legal ques
tion centered on whether the
board could move against an
ad placed, accepted and pub
lished outside Oregon, and
only distributed in Oregon.
At the time the ad was ac
cepted, Clarence B. Boutcll,
advertising manager of the
Christian Herald, said accept
ance of the Emko ad was a
"considered act" on the part
of the magazine.
He noted many large Pro
testant groups in recent years
have declared family planning
a "positive moral obligation."
In addition to the state stat
utes, the federal Comstock act
of 1873 makes it a felony to
send birth control information
through the mails. The act
never has been repealed, but
court rulings have made it
virtually a dead loiter.
A post office spokesman
said he did not except any
legal action by Hie post of
fice against the magazine.
Jacksonville Youth
Named on Honor Roll
Lcland Pcleis. sun of Mr.
and Mrs. S. W. Christianson,
Jacksonville, was on the hon
or roll with a grade of 3.74
for the first semester at Ari
zona Stale university in
Tempo, Ariz. He Is a sopho
more in the college of applied
arts and sciences as an ar
chitecture major.
As an outstanding cadet in
the Army ROTC. Pclers also
was promoted to a corporal
and transferred to an honor
guard mill Feb. 18. Bclore
attending Arizona State uni
versity, Peters was a student
at Southern Oregon college
under a Britt scholarship.
Society Will Elect
Directors for Year
Directors will be elected by
the Southern Oregon Humane
Society at the annual meeting
scheduled Monday, March 4
st North's Chuck Wagon.
I The annual meeting, in
I keeping Willi established cus
tom, will be a dinner session,
I starting lit 6 ;til p.m.
A report of the year's activ
ities will be given and a film
shown during the short pro
gram. New Humane Society
personnel will be introduced.
Any person Interested in
humane work is Invited to the
meeting. Reservations can he
made through March 1 by
callinii the Humane Society,
ri4-240fi.
First Reaction at
Invasion Was To
Organize Emergency
By MICHAEL T. MALLOY
United Press International
New Dclhi-WPIi-Indian de
mocracy is a rare, exotic hot
house flower which could
perish overnight in the first
hard frost.
Democracy's blooms are
flourishing today, thanks to
careful cultivation by the
country's political leaders and
the warmth of Prime Minis
ter Jawaharlal Nehru's Im
mense personal popularity
and prestige.
But the plant has few
strong roots in the stony soil
of India's impoverished and
illiterate masses. If the gar
deners of the ruling congress
party should lose interest in
tending this delicate plant,
democracy would quickly
wither and die.
The Communist Chinese at
tack on Indian outposts last
autumn sent a chilly draft
through India. One of the
frightened government's first
reactions was to impose
sweeping emergency regula
tions. Increase Local Powers
The laws are virtually the
same as those under which
Great Britain kept Nehru in
jail throughout World War
II. They give local officials
almost unlimited rights to ar
rest suspects and seize prop
erty. Later regulations threaten
ed government emp 1 o y e e s
with prison sentences for dis
obeying orders or failing to
report for work. Other rules
warned newspaper publishers
they could face stiff fines for
printing stories which dis
pleased the government.
The object of the new re
strictions was to guard against
sabotage and spying by Red
China or local Communists.
The main results so far have
been the detention of some
3.000 Chinese residents of In
dia in a special camp at Dcoli
in northwestern India, and
the arrest of more than 300
Indian Communists by state
government authorities. At
Oregon Man Invited
To Asian Assembly
Eugene - John F. Gauge.
director of the Institute of In
ternational Studies and Over
seas Administration at the
University of Oregon, has
been invited to participate in
the first Asian-American As
sembly sponsored by the
American Assembly of Co
lumbia university.
The conference will be held
at the University of Malaya,
Kuala Lumpur, from April 8
to 12. The participants will
discuss "Cultural Affairs and
Foreign Relations."
The American Assembly is
a national, non-partisan, edu
cational organization which
holds national, international,
and regional meetings and
publishes books on current
topics. In February, the uni
versity played host to the Pa
cific Northwest Assembly, co
sponsored by (he American
Assembly, at which automa
tion and technological change
were discussed.
Ministerial Group To
Meet Tuesday Morning
The March meeting of the
Medford Ministerial associa
tion will be held at 7:30 a.m.
Tuesday, March 5, at the
YMCA. A breakfast will be
served the association mem
bers. Following the breakfast
Bob Jones, executive secre
tary of the Y.MCA. will speak
on physical fitness and the
Y program. The meeting is
open to all interested minis
ters of the valley.
least 100 Communists are still
being held.
But others besides the Com
munists are afraid of the new
laws. The Indian bureaucracy
has generally avoided promis
cuous use of its new powers,
but there have been a few
examples of their use against
non-Communists.
Opponents Jailed
Three members of the mod
erate opposition were arrest
ed after distributing a pam
phlet criticizing Nehru's con
duct of the border clash with
China. Months later they were
still in jail, even though no
charges had been filed against
them.
Of the numerous newspa
pers which have received
warnings from the govern
ment, almost all are right
wing publications which can
be accused of opposing the
ruling congress party, which
do not sympathize with Red
China.
These have been isolated
incidents, to be sure. But
Nehru and other Congress
party leaders have warned
that the emergency laws may
remain in force for four or
five years. Many Indian lib
erals wonder whether the In
dian bureaucracy can resist
a five-year temptation . to
make vigorous use of its new
powers.
There seem to be three
major threats to the democ
racy of India:
1. The Communists and the
far left.
2. The neo-fascist extrem
ists of the far right.
3. The ruling Congress
party.
The Communists have a
long way to go. Their strength
is limned now primarily to
the states of Kerala and West
Bengal. They have lost the
trust of the people since their
Chinese comrades marched
across the Himalayas into In
dian territory last October.
The Red Chinese attack caus
ed a period of agenizing re
appraisal on the part of the
Indian Communists, and they
have not yet regained their
composure.
The Indian far right In
cludes a number of parties,
all of them calling for a re
vival of Hinduism, a strong
centralized government, and
the building of massive mili
tary strength. Most fanatic
of this group is the Rashtriya
Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).
This" group goes in for Nazi
style uniforms and military
drill. It wants to see an ortho
dox Hindu emprie ruling the
whole sub-continent.
The RSS was implicated in
the murder of the revered
Mahatma Gandhi. Liberal In
dians believe this group, and
other Hindu fanatics, would
try to exploit any major in
ternal crisis in order to seize
power.
Danger Within Party
The third dang"r to India -the
ruling Congress party and
the bureacracy - is an ironic
one. It is the Congress party
parly which can take full
credit for keeping alive the
delicate hud nf democracy in
this vast land, yet wilhin the
party lies a distinct threat to
the continuation of demo
cratic rule.
The Congress controls 80
per cent of the votes in the
national parliament. It is the
ruling party in every one of
India's 16 states-. Its leader,
Nehru, is a national hero who
can do no wrong.
The Congress party's huge
majorities in every election
make it legally possible for
the Congress to amend the
constitution at any time. It
could easily install itself In
absolute power and declare
Nehru a dictator or king. It
is to the party's credit that it
has not done so.
K .......
INDIA-CHINA .
DISPUTE
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DISPUTE AREA - This newsmap shows two
Sino-Indian border dispute areas - in the
west, between Ladakh area of India and
China's Sinkiang Province (1), and in the
east around the disputed McMahon line (2).
Areas claimed by both India and China are
shaded. Chinese penetration last Fall ii
shown by blacked-out triangles. (UPI)
But there Is no guarantee
that this immense power will
always be used to promote
democratic ideals. And, of
course, the 73-year-old liberal
minded prime minister will
not live forever.
The Congress has already
shown that it can move harsh
ly when its power is threat
ened. In 1959, the central gov
ernment seized power from
the popularly elected stale
government of Kerala which,
unfortunately, had cast its
votes for Communist officials.
Presses for Amendment
Today the Congress is push
ing an amendment through
parliament which is clearly
aimed at the Dravida Munne
tra Kazhagam (DMK), a poli
tical party which is threaten
ing to win majority support
in the state of Madras.
The DMK supports the
eventual independence and
union of Madras and three
other states in southern In
dia. The new amendment
would make this kind of de
mand a prison offense.
Nandan Kagal, writing in
the respected times of India,
said:
"For the union government
to act as if the DMK poses
a secessionist threat to the
unity of India is to chase
shadows. What it does pose
is a threat to the Congress
party's monopoly of power
in Madras, which is not quite
the same thing."
The nationwide Congress
party machine is a potential
danger to the free play of
political forces in India, but
at the same time the Con
gress is the most likely ce
fender of the democratic sys
tem. The men who rule the Con
gress party are veteran politi
cians. Thanks to their grip
on the people's imagination,
these leaders have rarely had
to use violent or illegal means
to gain, or retain, their pow
er. Their strength lies in their
ability to attract votes, and
in a system of privilege and
patronage which follows the
typical- pattern of political
machines in most democratic
countries.
When Nenru finally leaves
the scene, it will be up to
these masters of political in
fighting to create a new lead
ership through the system
they know best-gaining votes
in free elections. If they turn
to other means, they will be
playing a game at which the
Communists and neo-fascists
are the masters.
For this reason, if no other,
the machine politicians of the
Congress party may well be
Ihc real shield and hope ot
continued and expanding de
mocracy in India.
Just Arrived
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I
I
I 'Win taw iii. t. e.Kn nfteit
r -k T. Sec
I f
FARM BILL PLANNED
Salem - ITI' - Sen. Don
Willner (D-Portlandl said he
is sponsoring a bill to bring
more farm workers under
workmen's compensation coverage.
Cap C. Vandagrifr
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"...an adventure in listening"
The Earl Nightingale Program
"Our
Changing World"
MONDAY THRU FRIDAY
Twice Daily on KMED - 8:15 A.M. and 5:15 P.M.
and Daily on KWIN- 12:25 P.M.
For your copy ol the broadcast wnie, phone or step at JCF!
y .
i i H
JACKSON COUNTY FEDERAL
SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSN.
Home Office -2 East Main, Medford
Ashland Branch - 337 East Main, Ashland