MEDFORD MAlu TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Uneasy Alliance Makes
Dissolution Possible
SOiMLiAX, I'EbMUAn I jj, i-bj
(Editor'! note Thii wtk'f
topic ior in Crttt Dci
siom progrim discussion Is
"Rtd Chini and h USSR
- How Firm an AUianca?"
In ih following dispatch.
Veteran UPI Moscow Corra
pondant Henry Shapiro r
views the uneasy alliance.
Shapiro is in this country
at present, but will return
to Moscow shortly.)
r By HENRY SHAPIRO
United Press International
- The uneasy Soviet Chinese
'- alliance has, in recent
months, suffered such severe
r jolts that its formal dissolu
' tion would appear almost
"- unavoidable.
The ideological divergences,
i conflicts of national Interest
-i and tough rivalry for influ
': ence in the Communist camp
since 1S54 have reached such
1 proportions as to raise the
question whether the 13-year.
old alliance has ever been
meaningful.
i The alliance was formal.
Z ized in Moscow on Feb. 14
1950,. when Mao Tse-tung
signed a treaty of friendship,
Z alliance and mutual assist-
y ance with the Soviet Union,
The parties undertook to
v act Jointly in the prevention
'T of aggression by Japan "or
any other state associated
. with Japan," and to render
" each other assistance in the
" event of attack. The "other
t stale" was obviously the Unit-r-
ed Slates.
Aid Stops In 1 954
The treaty was supplement-
ed by an economic agreement
which promised China sud
t stantial credits and technical
aid without which Peking
! would have been unable to
- launch its grandiose plans for
v industrialization.
i There was no public dlsclo-
sure of promised military aid.
But there is adequate evi
v dence that the Russians
; helped in training the Chinese
:T army and supplied military
c equipment up to and includ--"
ing the Korean War.
1- But there appears to have
been little military coopera-
tion after 1854 ana u is gen
erally believed in the West
that Russia has denied China
nuclear know-how and has
not delivered any of the more
' sophisticated modern
weapons.
Also, by 1961 Soviet ex-
norts to China had dwindled
to the lowest point In the hls-
-5 tory of the alliance. And all
. Soviet technical experts by
. them had withdrawn or been
- expelled.
.? The Communist Scandal
The character of Sovlet-
- Chinese cooperation had
2 undergone critical transfer-
mation in all respects and the
;T growing rift between the two
Z great powers had become a
. major public scandal in the
Communist world.
- Given the size and power
":' of China, its traditional pride
.-. of culture, the independent
success of the Chinese Com
K munists in seizing power and
'; the geographic remoteness
from Moscow, rivalry and
conflict were inevitable.
" They were muted In Sta
lin's time, partly due to the
- legendary stature of the So
i vicl dictator which empow
ered the Communist world lo
speak in one voice the
Kremlin's.
The conflict inescapably
erupted soon after Stalin's
" death and his denigration by
Khrushchev which surprised
1 and shocked the Chinese. It
was aggravated by the subse-
" quent clash of personalities
; between the practical, mod-
erate and ebullient Khru.
!; lectual, doctrinaire Mao Tse-
' tung.
I Steps Toward Rift
- The early caution and re-
straint, gradually disap
I peared, marked by these
milestones:
; -After the Middle Eastern
crisis of 1958. Khrushchev,
X apparently without eonsult
. ing the Cliinese, agreed to a
: summit meeting within the
Z UN Security Council and pre-
sumably the participation of
- Nationalist China. After a
: hurried trip lb Peking. Khru-
; shchev yielded to Chinese
v protests and repudiated his
Z agreement lo the sum. .it con-
fc-rence.
-The Chinese undertook lo
organize their Ill-fated com
; munes against the opposition
" of the Russians who consid
ered them "primitive" and
' "unfeasible."
-The Chinese made no so
;, cret of their resentment at
' Khrushchev's efforts to
- achieve an accommodation
with the United States during
" his visit to Camp David. The
; Chinese press virtually Ig
nored Khrushchev's visit to
: "' the United States.
t -In February, 1900, during
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Clerk George J. Tudan
will play Cupid on Valen-1
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both prospective bride and,
Krnom. I
iPRE-IHVEHTORTiU
INSPECT HONOR GUARD Soviet Premier Nikita Khru
shchev, right, acompanled by Chinese Communist Party
Leader Mao Tse-tung, shown in picture taken in 1959, in
spects honor guard upon Khrushchevs arrival in Peiping
for a visit. (UPI)
the 10th anniversary of the
alliance, Khrushchev toured
India, cementing friendly re
lations with that country in
complete disregard of Chinese
interests. "It is a sad and stu
pid story, bloodshed over use
less territory, Khrushchev
told this correspondent In
1960 when asked to comment
on the Slno-lndiun border dis
pute.
The Sino-Sovict conflict
appeared to reach a climatic
phase with the Soviet agree
ment to remove their nuclear
missiles from Cuba which the
Chinese promptly denounced
as a "Munich and "surren
der to the Imperialists."
The Chinese had no more
voice in the Soviet decision
than Fidel Castro. This time
their Indignation knew no
bounds. To Khrushchev's ex
planation that "the American
tiger had nuclear teeth,"
Peking's official "People's
Daily" retorted with words
like "betrayal," "fright" and
cowardly surrenaer.
Khrushchev himself, In his
speech to the East German
party congress last month,
while conciliatory in tone to
ward the Chinese, vigorously
reaffirmed his policy of
'compromise and conces
sions."
He rejected the Chinese
proposal for a Communist
summit conference to discuss
leuvagc within the camp on
grounds such a mectinR might
produce a final split and
urged a cooling of passions.
He left it to the Chinese to
make the final step.
In view of these circum
stances, it is reasonable to
suggest that, with the excep
tion of the first five or six
years, the Sino-Soviet alli
ance the so-called mono
lithic bloc" has lacked sub
stance and reality. It appears
to have been monolithic only
in the Western mind.
Not only has there been
little or no consultation and
agreement on questions of
major political, diplomatic,
economic and military policy,
but some of the institutions
needed to draft and imple
ment such policies were not
even set up.
Future Uncertain
There is no Soviet-Chinese
counterpart to NATO. China
I is not a member of the War
saw Pact although it has par
ticipated in some sessions as
an observer.
While the Russians have
unreservedly supported Pe
king's claim lo Formosa, It is
by no means certain follow-
!ng the Cubnn affair wheth
er Moscow would rush to Chi
na's aid If the Red Chinese
tried to seize Chang Kaishek's
island and ran into full-scale
war with the United States.
In spite of the critical slate
of present relations, the bonds
of common Interest may still
provide over-riding reasons
for maintaining the alliance,
shaky as it may be.
It appears that Moscow and
Poking might prefer to con
tinue what they call their
"family quarrel" indefinitely
and maintain the vestige of
alliance.
Try and Stop Me
By BENNETT CERF
TT7TLLIAM BEEBE, in "The Book of Naturalists,'' tells
' about a little game he and President Teddy Roosevelt
used to play in the lattor's summer home at Sagamore HtlL
After nn evening of con
versation, they would go
out on the lawn and
search"' ine skies until
they found a faint spot
of light mist beyond the
lower left hand comer
of the great square of
Pegasus. Then T. R.
would intone gravely,
"There is the spiral gal
axy of Andromeda. It is
as large as our Milky
Way. It is one of the
hundred million galaxies.
It consists of one hundred
million suns, each larger
than our own sun."
T. R. invariably would pause at this point, grin, and con
clude, "Well, Will, I guess we realize again how small we
are. Let's go to bed!"
Bob Campbell, Westwood book tycoon, was dawdling over a
eoond cup of coffee one Sunday A lt, reading "The Canterbury
Talee." when hl wife Blanche demanded. "What have vou eni i
there?" Campbell answered airily, "Just my cup and Chaucer."
In an 111-advlsed moment, a prominent evangelist in Oklahoma
City elated categorically to an Inquiring newshawk that there
are 785 sins.
Within the next four days his mailbox was flooded with re
quests tor itemized lists.
O 1963. b Bennett Cert. Ctttrtbuted by Kinf Futures Syndic te
Cap C. Vandagrift
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Burma Men's Pullman
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