Medford mail tribune., January 23, 1963, Image 4

4 A
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 23. IMS
MEDFOHD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
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NATIONAL EDITORIAL
AsgcgT,gN
NiWSPAPIR
PUtLISHIIt
ASSOCIATION
Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from the files of The
Mall Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ago. .
10 YEARS AGO
Jin. 23, 1953 (Wednesday)
A thin mantle of snow cov
ered the ground this morning
as the Medford area exper
ienced its first snowfall of
1953.
Trouble on a power line
near Prospect was the cause
of a power outage in Medford
yesterday afternoon, accord
ing to a Copco official.
20 YEARS AGO
Jan. 23, 1943 (Monday)
Office of Price Administra
tion announces fuel oil will be
rationed in Oregon starting
Teh l.'
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "The
legislature faces the possibil
itv of oonderlnit a bill ere
ating a lieutenant-governor.
The measure lias one outstand
ing feature-It is not another
fish bill."
30 YEARS AGO
Jan. 23, 1933 (Wednesday)
Local seed company scat
ters seed throughout Medford
area to aid birds during snowy
weather.
"Drys" march on Salem in
attempts to prevent passage
of beer bill by Oregon state
legislature.
40 YEARS AGO
Jan. 23, 1923 (Thursday)
Local cannery closes down
apple canning operations be
cause apple supplies running
put.
; Bill before Oregon state
legislature would compel dis
play of Lord's Prayer in all
Oregon industrial plants.
tO YEARS AGO
Jan. 22, 1913 (Saturday)
: Medford local Socialist
"party backs E. J. Runyard for
position of master of public
market.
: All pupils in Medford
eighth grade classes pass state
examinations: "not a single
pne of the 20 participating
tailed in a single subject."
What's Your I.Q.?
Nina tan correct Is tuoerior:
even or eijht it eieollent; five or
Six it good.
1. Who was Booker T.
.Washington?
; 2. Who was taken to heav
ien In a fiery chariot?
3. Complete the following:
,"A word to the wise . . .
; 4. The characteristic of
suckling the young is common
to which kinds of creatures?
: 5. In what country did the
battle of St. Lo occur in
World War II?
! 6. Which President of the
II. S. had a wife of the Roman
Catholic faith, prior to the
election of President Ken
jiedy?
: 7. Name the capital of Pennsylvania.
8. Was Jack London an
English or an American au
llior?
' 0. Name the English Prime
Minister.
10. Which city of South
America has the largest population?
Answerti 1. Noted Negro
educator. 2. Eliaa or Elijah, 3
". ... Is sufficient." 4. The
mammalia. 5. Franc. 8. John
Tyler. 7. Harrisburg. S. Amar
lean. 9. Harold Macmillan. 10.
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Task Well Begun
Some 30 months aco. the Coneo exnloded.
- Today, one can cautiously hope that the
groundwork is now ready for it, with continued
help and guidance, to become a viable nation,
The historv of that 30-month neriod is a
dreary and unhappy one, filled with death and
disorder, with confusion and cnaos, witn im
possible choices to be made in impossible dilem
mas, with international recriminations and
jealousies. ,
No one comes out of it smelling like a rose,
Nonetheless, it is now possible to see that, with
put the United Nations, the Congo would still
be an area of bloody chaos or worse.
a e a
1X7HAT has been accomplished?
" A number of things.
The central Congolese government has been
given the benefit of advice and training, which,
in time, should enable it to become an adequate
administrative body. A degree of order has been
brought back, and inter-tribal warfare, so sen
ously threatened for a time, avoided. The Congo
crisis was effectively sealed off from the Cold
War, and Russian technicians, soldiers and air
craft ejected.
Finally, the Contra has been at least nomifr
ally reunited, with Katanga again coming under
the jurisdiction of the only legally constituted
government for the nation.
THE United Nations which, it should be re-
called, was INVITED into the Congo by the
government thereof had no way of knowing
what to expect or how, really, to help, in those
first terrible and desperate days.
But. under the leadership of the late Dag
Hammarskiold. who gave his lite in the cause,
and later U Thant, the U.N., sometimes by trial
and error, sometimes by makeshift, sometimes
by design and careful diplomacy, began making
headway.
borne serious blunders were committed, and,
as is almost inevitable in combat situations, some
inexcusable atrocities were reported, some of
them probably more by accident than by design.
AND yet, what was the alternative?
P.nmmiititnr inminntinn ? f!ivi'l war? Tn'hal
VI1I1IIIUM AJ V V U1SS14S4 VI W a T v a. e al,aava
massacres?
The San Francisco Chronicle comments:
"The probable condition of today's Congo, lacking
a United Nations to negotiate, persuade and apply
military pressure in the interests of sanity, would be
one of tumult, violence and terror, as disparate and
hostile tribes came together for rapine and slaughter.
In the very beginning of the Congo as a nation, the
U.N. intervened to head off Communist exploitation
of a superb opportunity; last month, the U.N. sent in
troops to head off civil, war."
That the U.N. has been able to bring a degree
of order out of the Congo is one of the most sig
nificant happenings of recent years.
a
THE whole operation has been vastly compli-
cated by the personalities involved first
the unstable Lumumba, later by other relatively
untrained and unprepared leaders, and finally
i ai- l ... - m . i i. i
Dy me opportunistic wipise isnomoe, wno proven
time after time that his word was no good, and
that he'd go to almost any lengths to achieve his
ends. .
Despite all, however, the U.N. has made prog
ress until one can, cautiously but hopefully, pro
claim a victory has been won for peace, order
and sanity.
At the height of the Congo's period of near
anarchy on July 15, 1960 we had this to say:
"If any solution is to be achieved it must be done
through the United Nations. But no one need expect
an overnight solution, except perhaps the immediate
restoration of order.
"The dilemma Is this: Ncwly-frccd people must be
restrained for their own and others' protection; the
illiterate must be taught, and quickly; people passion
ate for freedom must be guided to accept the respon
sibilities of freedom.
"It is an awesome task. But the alternative is
chaos."
The task is well begun. E. A.
Singing Chain Saws
Medford escaped the brunt of the Columbus
Day storm. And hereabouts it is mostly put in
the back 01 the mind.
Not upstate, however. Charles A. Sprague,
writing in his "It Seems To Me" column in the
Oregon statesman of balem, says:
"Of a morning we still hear the whine of the chain
saw working within the city limits. The number in
operation is not as great as it was just after the blow
down of October 12th, but the job ot cutting up the
fallen monarchs of the forest is not complete. At
first, attention was given to clearing streets and high
ways, to removing tree trunks that had crushed roofs
of houses and others that had tangled and struggled
power and phone lines. When emergency situations
were cared for, then the army of chain sawyers and
axemen attacked the prone or leaning trees In yards
or parks.
" . . Soon this cut-up will he concluded . . . But
mi' i.orirs will linger of thai whine of the chninsuw
unci'.'; its way through a fall'Mi tre trunk. '
It will be years before the growth of new
trees begins to hide the devastation of Oct. 12,
19G2. E. A.
EVERYONE HAS TROUBLES
The Soviet foreign aid program is not working
out as the Kremlin would like. A growing number of
governments, like those ot Tunisia, Algeria, India, the
United Arab Republic and Iraq, take the Russians'
rubles yet persist In throwing some of their domestic
Communists In jail.
Since all the countries mentioned are also being
aided by the United States, we ought to take heart
from Moscow's embarrassment. If things are going
badly for the Russians, maybe we are doing better.
It's a thought for Representative Otto Passman, the
House ax man on foreign aid. San Francisco
Chronicle.
"It's Called 'Seniority System' Not
'Senility System'!"
Former Guatamalan President, Now in
Exile, Hopes for Return to Power There
BY PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Newt Analyst
Quite a long time ago now,
a man named Dr. Juan Jose
Arevalo wrote a treatise en
titled "Fable
lewaofl
of the Shark
and tho Sar
dines." It was vio
lently a n 1 l
United States
and was 1 n
ge n e r al an
attack on U.S.
business prac
tices 1 n the
Caribbean and on U. S. policy
in the same area.
Arevalo has been described
as a rather fuzzy-minded left
ist with his own brand of
"spiritual socialism," and he
was president of Gautemala
from the end of 1944 through
1950.
He was. In fact, the man
... Communications ...
Letters to the Editor must bear tho nam aqd address of tho writer, although under
certain circumstances the uto of a ptn name or initial for publication is permissible.
Tho Mall Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with a view to clarification and
condensation. Letters submitted for publication must not exceed 400 words. Tho letters
printed in this column do not necessarily represent tho views of tho paport in fact the
contrary is often tho caso.
Critic Criticised
To the Editor: It is time to
get s new music critic for the
paper. For years Mr. Werner
has been writing these re
views of all the musical ac
tivities of the town. And in all
this time I have not seen a
single one in which he has
been able to say that the per
formance was good, in fact he
always has to say something
highly critical. His review of
the Gregg Smith Singers was
one such report.
Actually, whether one ap
preciates modern music or not
-and I must admit I don't too
much myself-the program was
different, and refreshing as a
change from the usual diet
given by choral groups, and
from the reaction I have
heard many people enjoyed
the program.
That, however, is beside the
point. The point is that this
was a group of people who
put on a fine program of high
calibre, and I do not person
ally feel that Mr. Werner as
an instrumentalist is in any
position to be so caustically
critical of their efforts.
It is especially worthy of
note that Mr. Werner recently
presented "The Mikado" and
the review of this work was
entirely favorable. Now I am
sure that with an amateur
groun such as Mr. Werner
had, that good as they were,
the reviewer could have found
some fault. None was evident
in the review.
I would like to suggest that
if Mr. Werner is to continue to
pose as the critic of all mus
ical affairs in town, whether
in his field or not, he might
do well to adopt a more char
itable view, report on the
good, and leave the other un
said. If he is incapable of this,
I am sure you can find a re
viewer who could.. A change
of attitude toward performing
groups would be most wel
come to those of us who just
go for an evening of good en
tertainment and are not out lo
see how critical we can be of
the efforts of the performers.
James A. Johnston,
D12 Newtown St.,
Medford.
World Trade Realities
To the Editor: Those ill in
formed fanatics who are work
ing to destroy American trade
with the Communist nations
should be reminded that in
the past our world trade was
largely with the well develop
ed nations of Europe which
were prosperous because of
their ability to exploit under
developed colonics around the
world. Now having lost those
colonics with the privilese of
exploiting them, each Euro
pcan nation has become e
mediocre small country strug
gling with its own internal
problems. Obviously no one
of them will ever acam be
come one of tho world's great
nations.
Europe's only chance lo
again become a great nation
lies In a united confederacy
of Europe, and many of us
leading statesmen believe
they are laying the founda
tion for that eventual unity
by the development ot the
European Common Market.
I believe most Americans
hope Europe will make a suc
cess of the entire venture, but
let us make no mistake, to
do so they will erect tariff
walls around the CM bloc
in encourage trade within the
bloc, and in so doing will
curtail American export trade
to those countries; in fact
sonic of our Industries arc
already feeling the pinch. The
loss of that trade with Europe
will both cut into the profits
of our exporters and into the
employment and hi.i wage
rcalrs of our industrial labor,
unless we can shift our for
eign trade rapidly to the new
emerging nations.
'That some of those emerg
ing nations are Communist
governed is one of the facts
of life to which we must ad
Just, unless we choose to
I
wreck our industry for. politi
cal spite. The last figures to
which I had access showed
that for the last year record
ed we imported from Commu
nist countries some $84 mil
lion worth while exporting
to those same countries $134
million worth.
We can never again isolate
America from the world. To
maintain our prosperity we
must export, to export we
must import, and if we re
fuse to trade with certain sec
tors of the world we thereby
create a trade vacuum into
which other nations will
move. Really there is no more
reason for withholding our
trade from Communist coun
tries than for withholding it
from Fascistic ones like Spain
or Portugal, much as we dis
like the political ideology of
either extreme.
D. Ivan Frills,
927 Fortner lane,
Ontario, Ore.
Suggestion
To the Editor: Here is a
money-making suggestion that
offer to radio advertisers
without charge. Instead of
three commercials in a five
minute newscast, it would be
a ten strike to the advertiser
buying the time to make just
one announcement. The public
would turn to the radio sta
tion having this foresight, and
the time used would become
more valuable.
However, do not be guilty
ot the mistake of making the
commercial a long one. Even
60 seconds is tiring. And no
singing.
David Frisch,
P.O. Box 282,
White City, Ore.
Anyone knowing the where
abouts of this man may con
tact me at the above address
or send a collect "Spacegram"
to Mrs. My-Lan, Asteroid
Park, Mars.
B-Lan
(alias Robert E. Howe)
2033 Rainier
Richland, Wash.
Our Destiny
To the Editor: I was sit
ting in my chair last night and
I saw a flash of light. I didn't
pay any attention to it. But a
little later I could smell an
odor like earth burning. Then
a man (I guess?) came up to
the house and said he was
from outer space. He said they
had stopped to repair their
ship we call flying saucers. He
said he was from the third
galaxy and the fourth dimen
sion. He also said they have
been studying earth for a long
lime.
This explains the flying
saucers we have been seeing.
He also said his planet was
burning out, that it was get
ting too close to the three suns
in their solar system. He said
they had about two years be
fore they have to leave their
planet Farrir. They felt that
earth is the most likely planet
to move to because man's des
tiny is to destroy himself.
They could live under the con
dition earth would be left in.
The only problem would be
getting rid of the oxygen left
on earth. They breathe only
carbon monoxide.
What is man's destiny?
David J. Slottcn,
121 Rcager st.,
Medford.
Long Lost Brothar
lo the Editor: I hope you
may find space in your letters
column to print this appeal
for assistance in locating my
half-brother whom I have not
seen in nearly 30 years.
This man is quite ordinary
looking but has the rather
unusual name ot A-Lan (pro
nounced Ah-Lan). He dresses
in casual clothes and is be
lieved to be driving a late
model Ovate Spheroid which
is equipped with a Magnetron
and 8.50 x 18 vortices.
There Is a possibility that
A-Lan is using an alias, either
Julius Caesar, Napoleon
Bonaparte or Daniel Fry.
Under the former name he is
selling lots in a subdivision
on Saturn. He is believed to
be harmless but should be ap
proached with caution as he
sometimes goes into orbit on
slight provocation.
Our mother always said
A Lan would go far and h
did.
Lots Not Hat
To the Editor: I can't help
from replying to the letter in
Jan. 15 Tribune, written by
Harriette Gibbs.
I'd like to say. Dear Har
riette: There is so much hate
in the world today, and until
every one begins to realize
that, and until we all start
showing love and forgiveness,
this world will get worse and
worse and we will have more
and more "Nasty things."
Yes, if we humans show
love it will help all children
to grow up to make life what
God intended it to be, "Just
wonderful".
We know children need
loving guidance and the
knowledge of security and
safety to grow up normal, but
they must be taught to love
and to forgive, and we first
must have a heart full of love
to be able to show forth the
way. -
Christ said, "A new com
mandment I give unto you
that you love one another."
He also said that we must for
give others if we ourselves
expect to be forgiven; we do
need His forgiveness for we
all have sinned and come
short of the Glory of God.
What the "Nasty Thing," as
you called her, and the moth
er of the children, did was
terrible and if left to the car
nal man, they would find no
forgiveness, but "Jesus came
not to save the righteous but
to call the sinner unto repentance."
If we, -the State, cut them
off in their sins (or otherwise)
we are no better than they
are for we have murdered
also. The second murder does
not correct the first it will
not return those two dear pre
cious children to life and give
them love, it Just carries on
more hate, more malace,
more wrath, envy and strife,
yes, and more murders.
Please find it in your heart
to forgive her (or them) and
ask God to bring her to re
pentance, for we know if she
honestly repents, He will for
give her.
Please don't carry hate In
your heart. To add more hate
to the world would be bad as
we have so much hate now,
when all Christian peoples
desire love.
Mabel Harmon
1035 Cherry st.
Medford.
who first opened the door to
communism in Guatemala, a
irena wmch reached its peak
under his successor, Jacobo
Arbenz Guzman. Under Ar
benz, Guatemala became the
Cuba of its day, and, with the
help of Poland, became the
most heavily armed of all the
Central American states.
All this is by way of re
marking that the good Dr.
Arevalo again is becoming
prominent on the Guatemalan
political scene, even though
at present in absentia.
Arevalo has been living In
exile in Mexico for the last
several years, but hopes to re
turn soon to campaign in the
presidential elections sched
uled for the end of this year.
Arevelo now says he would
like to' cooperate with the
United States in a "more en
lightened" Alliance for Pro
gress. -
But the Guatemalan army,
well recalling Arevalo's pre
vious administration, has said
repeatedly that he will not be
allowed to campaign.
That brings us to the pre
sent, and the reason for fears
that another Latin American
military revolt may be in the
making.
President Ydigoras, whose
term expires in March 1964,
has survived assassination
attempts and small scale re
volts before.
Arevalo's re-entry on the
political scene could decide
the . army to move in before
the legal expiration of Ydi
goras' six-year term.
Adding impetus to such a
move would be Guatemala's
limping economy and resent
ment of the wealthier classes
and the extreme right against
reforms instituted by Ydi
goras, who has tried to be a
good president for Guatemala
despite some fairly wide per
sonal gyrations.
The outspoken Ydigoras has
quarreld with Mexico over
fishing rights, with Britain
over British Honduras and has
demanded that the U. S. show
"more guts" against Com
munist Cuba. But he also has
set up schools, distributed
publicly owned land and set
up social and health services
commanding U. S. respect.
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter llppminn
(c) 1063. The Washington Post
3
THE PLANNED DEFICIT
It is always necessary to re
member that, when the bud
get documents are presented
to Congress in
January, w e
are looking at
estimates o f
what may be
going to hap
pen a long
time ahead.
Even if we
discount the
u nforeseeable
Lippmann emergency ex
penditures, the total figures
purport to describe, first,
what will have been spent and
received by next July (fiscal
1963) and, then, 'what may
have b?en spent and received
by the July after that (fiscal
1964) .
'As these estimates depend
on predictions of how good
business will be, it is not sur
prising that they are never
exactly right. Thus, In the
years 1958-63 inclusive, the
actual deficits were underes
timated five times and the
surplus was underestimated
once.
The moral of the tale is to
practice humility. .
Strictly Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
(c) Field Enterpriwt, Inc.
MYTHS
What has become known,
throughout history, and in all
the world, as "Pandora's box,"
wasn't a box
at all, and
didn't belong
t o Pandora.
The famous
"glass s 1 i ri
per" of Cind
erella wasn't
glass, but fur.
And Delilah
didn't cut off
Harm Samson's hair.
Yet truth has no strength
against a living legend; once
an idea, however false,, im
plants itself in the human
mind, no force can uproot it.
The fact that Voltaire never
made the remark about "disa
greeing," that Emerson never
mentioned the "mousetrap,"
that Mark Twain didn't coin
the "weather" saying, cannot
prevail against the common
beliefs.
The vary name "America"
is a misnomer, for Amerigo
Vespucci never discovered
the New World. And Indians
in this country are so-called
by a geographical blunder on
the part of the ealy discover
ers here. Likewise, ot course,
turkeys do not come from
Turkey but from North Amer
ica. . a a
. Tho truth, indosd, may
make us free, but it is
legends that wo live by
and that wo tenaciously
cling to in tho face of all op
posing avidenco. For more
than a century, upper-class
Britons have believed that
tho Duko of Wellington
ascribed victory to the
"playing-fields of Eton."
which he never did.
And. in the same vein,
tho French have been sus
tained by tho supposed re
mark of the Baron do Cam
bronne at Waterloo: "The
Old Guard dies, but does
not surrender." Cambronno
himself, 20 years later, dis
avowed tho saying, adding
ft II
' " A Qi
"Oh, not He makes good money. He feels, in order to
understand today's world, wo must try and understand
lha 'hate-nots' who make up tho majority of tho
worldl"
honestly, "In tht first place,
wo did not dio, and in tho
second place, wo did sur
render." Americans are fond of
quoting Charles Pinckney's
defiance of Talleyrand's
bribe-seeking agents with
the phrase, "Millions for
defense but not oi cent
for tribute." All Pinckney
did say was "No, no, not a
penny." But what cMnce
did that pedestrian reply
have against tho myth of
tho former phraae?
. a '
Lincoln sayings have been
mythologized by the dozens
and many have been fradu
lently fabricated. One of
them, in fact ("God must have
loved the common people; He
made so many of them") was
chiseled into the sto: " en
trance of the New York Daily
News building. There is no
evidence that Lincoln ever
said anything of the sort.
1 Facts become perverted into
legends in many ways, both
innocent and malicious. Pan
dora's box is a mistranslation
from the Greek; and the glass
slipper a mistranslation from
the French. The Samson story
is a careless reading of the
Bible tale.
Others - the great majority
- are manufactured to fit a
particular set of passions or
prejudices. When they appeal
to the dark, irrational side of
a people, no subsequent re
traction or revision can eradi
cate them from the public
mind.
Kennedy Previews
1963 Policy Goals
Washington (UPP President
Kennedy Tuesday gave top of
ficials of his administration a
briefing on his domestic and
foreign policy goals for 1963.
He ranged from the need for
tax relief to Cuba and dis
armament. Approximately 50 top fed
eral officials met in the Cabi
net Room of the White House
to hear the President's 45
mlnute analysis of problems
facing this country and how
he proposed to meet them.
The occasion was an ex
panded meeting of the top
level National Security Coun
cil. The group includes the
President, vice president, the
secretary of state, the defense
secretary and the head of the
Office of Emergency Plan
ning. Press Secretary Pierre
Salinger, who sat in on the
session, said Kennedy covered
the Cuban situation, relations
between the United States and
Europe, the foreign aid pro
gram, the current disarma
ment talks, and the domestic
economic situation, plus his
new lax program.
COSTS U. S. MILLIONS
Washington-iUPP-The Cuban
crisis cost the United States
about $180 million, congress
men have learned. In
formed sources said the figure
was presented to the House
defense appropriations sub
committee Monday. It was the
first official price tag put on
the cost of the blockade and
the buildup ot military forces.
a
11HIS, the second Kennedy
- budget, differs from all pre
ceding budgets in that it ex.
presses openly modern ceo.
nomic theory as developed in
this generation. Other bud.
gets, even some of Eisenhow
er's budgets, have reflected
the theory without acknowl
edging it. But this budget
makes the theory explicit.
We should add that the appli
cation of the theory is very
moderate and cautious.
The nub of the theory is
that. In the modern economy,
the first objective is not to
balance the government bud
get itself, but to balance the
economy; when the economy
is balanced at full capacity
and full employment, the bud
get will itself tend to come
into balance. The budget can
not be balanced successfully
without unacceptable hard
ship if the economy is not
balanced.
The federal budget is able
to exert this compensatory in
fluence on the economy, be
cause it controls something
approaching one-fifth of the
income received by the public
and takes in taxes one-fifth
of the people's income. This
one-fifth multiplies its effect
on the business economy as
those who receive money
from the government spend
the money in the shops and
the shopkeepers spend their
profits in other shops.
TF WE wish to measure the
second Kennedy budget in
the rough way that this sort
of thing can be measured, wa
must look past the adminis
trative budget, which is what
is usually called "The" bud
get. We must look to the fed
eral portion of what are
called the "National Income
Accounts." This budget is
the most accurate and com
prehensive measure we have
of what the government takes
from the people and what it
pays out to them.
. The present estimate is
that, for this fiscal year end
ing June 30, the government
will pay out $4.3 billion more
than it takes in. In economic
terms, this is the true estimat
ed deficit for fiscal 1963. For'
the following year (fiscal
1964), the estimated deficit,
or perhaps the best guess, is
that, taking account of the
proposed tax cuts, the dificit .
will be $7.6 billion.
If the basic theory is cor
rect, that the economy is stim
ulated to expand when more
is paid out than is taken in,
the business which is not too
bad but is sluggish now should
be better next year. We shall
see. We do know as we look
back that, in 1962 when busi
ness faltered rather badly,
there was virtually no deficit
(minus $1.7 billion) in the na
tional income accounts.
rpHE annual report of tha
Council of Economic Ad
visors, which is a most infor
mative and impressive docu
ment, is required reading for
anyone who means to discuss
seriously the budget and the
tax cuts and all the rest. It
shows, for instance, that there
is a close relationship between
business slack and unplanned
budgetary deficits. This is be
cause of the relationship be
tween private business deficits
on capital account and federal
tax receipts. On page 76,
there is a chart showing this
relationship. In 12 out of 15
cases since 1947, there has
been a striking relationship
between federal deficits in
the national Income accounts
and business slack. As the
economy expands, as business
spends and invests, the budg
etary receipts move toward
a surplus. When the economy
contracts, when business cuts
down spending and investing,
government accounts show de
ficits. This is why the administra
tive budgetary deficit, such as
we have had (except only in.
1959) since 1958, cannot in
fact be eliminated "by raising
tax rates or reducing govern
ment expenditures." The
chronic Eisenhower-Kennedy
deficits have not been caused
by too little taxes or too much
spending. They have been
caused by the slackness and
sluggishness of the economy.
It is to this evil that the new
budget is addressed.
Since all this is not what
the older generation was
taught in school and college,
it will need a lot of explana
tion and demonstration. The
President and his Council ot
Economic Advisors have made
a very good beginning. But
the theory is new. and the
proof of it, though inpressive,
is not yet conclusive. What
we do know with certainty is
that the old theory of admin
istrative budgets balanced an
nually does not work.
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