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Flight o' Time
Medford and Jackson County
History from th files of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
snd SO years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
Nov. 1. 1952 (Saturday)
The Mail Tribune and Radio
Station KYJC have set up
facilities for the fastest and
most complete coverage of
election returns ever provided
in Jackson county.
Slate Representative Robert
Root has gone on record as
opposing the proposed meas
ure which would prohibit
weather control in Jackson
county.
20 YEARS AGO
Nov. 1. 1942 (Sunday)
Very light voting reported
from Medford polling places
only 26 ballots cast in North
Central precinct up to 1 p.m.
From Arthur Perry's "Ye
Smudge Pot" column: "After
the onc-cup-a-day coffee ra
tioning goes into effect lovers
of the ambrosia will start
driving over the hump to Cali
fornia in a blizzard to gel a
second one."
30 YEARS AGO
Nov. 1, 1932 (Tueiday)
Jackson county valuation
for 1932 set at $27,308,130,
county assessors reports.
Medford school budget for
1933-34 trimmed down $79,
165 from budget for previous
fiscal year.
0 YEARS AGO
Nov. 1, 1922 (Wednesday)
William Offutl home rob
bed; thieves make off with
articles valued at about SHOO.
Ray Trowbridge, Medford
seriously injured when tractor
overturns on htm In Camas
Valley accident.
SO YEARS AGO
Nov. 1, 1912 (Friday)
County Surveyor Frank A.
Griscz dies at home in Ash
land. H. A. Canaday, Medford, a
"lifelong Republican," w h o
was nominated by Democrats
to run for justice of peace.
asks support of Republicans 1
to assure his election.
Whal's Your I.Q.?
Nine er tan correct It superior;
seven er eight is eicettent; five ei
sii is good.
1. What is a year divisible
evenly by four usually called''
2. What is the capital ot
Missouri'.'
3. Is the moon larger, or
mailer, than the planet Mer
cury? 4. Who was the famous
woman saloon wrecker, who
used the hatchet?
5. Which slate was the first
to ratify the U. S. Constitu
tion? 8. In what war did Robert
E. Lee and U. S. Grant fight
on the same side?
7. Are snowflakos four, six
or eight sided?
8. In which stale do the
Ft io Grande and South Plntte
livers rise?
9. Is lower California a
part of the United Slates?
10. Who were Ihe first
while men known to have
jeen the Mississippi river?
Answers: 1. Leap year. 2.
Jefferson City. 3. Smaller. 4,
Carrie Nation. 3. Delaware,
6. Mexican War. 7. Six tided
8. Colorado. 9. No. 10. Da
Soto and hit follower!.
No Radioactivity
Found in Oregon iMi7fc
Portland HWT h e U. S.
Public Health Service said
Wednesday it has found some
areas in the country in which
radioactive Iodine in milk In
creased in August and Sep
tember. Rut It said It found no tuch
evident l.i Oregon.
NOVEMBER 1, 1962
The Oregonian
We endorsed Sen.
election some days ago
since have had no cause
Hi3 opponent, Sig Unander, has been attempt-
lnir to make political hay out of the Cuban situa'
tion, and in our view
without regard to the
understanding of the legalities and complexities
involved.
Senator Morse, on
right. (He usually is,
he sometimes goes about
THE Portland Oregonian yesterday, in one of
tVio tsrniivlncf oi-lifni'i'ala uo Vipvo 0VPV fippn
attempted to twist facts and quotations to make
them support Unander's position. Such 1 tactics
can succeed only with those whose partisanship
blinds them to common
If one agrees with
the Cuban build-up of Soviet military aid had
two phases, first, weapons primarily usable in
defense, and second, weapons capable of of
fensive action, and that the latter phase occurred
suddenly, one has to concede that Morse was
solidly behind the President, and that his posi
tion was correct.
The Oretronian, apparently, dismisses airily
the Defense Department's evidence that the
character of the weaponry changed within a few
days. The burden of proof (which it cannot pro
vide) rests on the Oregonian.
TTHE Portland newspaper also completely disre-
gards the fact that, on Sept. 21, the Senate
passed a resolution concerning Cuba, which stated
that the U.S. is "determined to prevent in Cuba
the creation or use of an externally supported
military capability endangering the security of
the United States."
Senator Morse supported the resolution in
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. On
Sept. 13 in a speech on the Senate floor, he also
said:
"If they (Castro and Khrushchev) proceed with
any program for aggression in Cuba, such as ground-to-ground
missiles, or launching installations that
would endanger Miami, New York, Chicago, or any
other part of the United States, let them understand
that we have no intention of waiting for them to fire
the first missile.
"When intelligence reports come to my committee ,
disclosing any such information as that, the Senator
from Oregon will yield lo no one in this body in
urging that our government take whatever measures
are necessary lo protect our security."
The Oregonian concluded its editorial:
"Nor will he (Senator Morse) admit that President
Kennedy's sudden decision to do something to stop
Soviet arming ot Cuba was contradictory to what Sen.
Morse had been advocating."
The Oregonian should retract that implica
tion. It's an out-and-out falsehood. E.A.
Measures Recapitulation
Most of the nine measures to be voted on
next Tuesday are relatively simple, and can be
voted on with confidence. Three of them, how
ever, deserve a bit more consideration.
We have explained briefly the principal pro
visions of each in this space before, but in re
sponse to requests, herewith present an even
briefer recapitulation, together with our recom
mendations.
MO, 1 Reorganize State Militia. This is a
"housekeeping" amendment, to eliminate ob
solete requirements, to bring the Constitution up
to date, and the National duard into contornuty
with Federal standards, including those for con
scientious objectors. There is little if any op
position. Vote "ves."
NO. 2 Forest Rehabilitation Debt Limit
A ivwin, liiimil ,nnllini h ro iciil'nn ni n r mniisill-o
l,i lin lvicn rlolit limit fnrmiil:i nil trno i":ih vnlllp.
which cannot be changed
assessed valuation, winch can. Does not change
actual dollar limitations. Vote "yes."
MO. ; Permanent Road Debt Limit Amend-
' nient. Applies the same formula as in No. 2
to road debt. Vote "yes."
MO. I -
' Amend
ment. Similar
MO. 5 State Courts: C
' tion. Permits legislature
courts according to a county's own needs, rather
than according to population formula. No op
position. Vote "yes."
MO. G Daylight Saving Time. Would put
state on uniform Daylight time, also in con
formity with Washington and California. To
eliminate time confusion, vote "Yes."
MO. 7 Constitutional Six Per Cent Limita
A tion Amendment, W'owUl permit taxing units
to keep tax base even if no tax levied, plus two
minor "housekeeping" amendments. Vote "Yes."
MO, 8 Restricting Commercial Fishing on
' Columbia River. This was ruled off ballot by
state supreme court, due to faulty title on peti
tion, but it may appear on some early-printed
ballots. No need to vote; it wouldn't be counted.
MO. 9 Legislative Apportionment Constitu
tional Amendment. Would give some slight
recognition in the house of representatives to
economic and area needs of the state in ap
portioning legislature, with all other seats being
apportioned by population. A fair and workable
compromise, v ote "es.
10 Repeals School District Reorganiza-
l tio
lon J.aw. rresent law
measure is an invitation
confusion in many school
a long step backward for
education. Vote "No."
Should Retract
Wavne L. Morse for re
albeit reluctantly and
to regret it.
has done so irresponsibly,
facts, and with a lack of
the other hand, has been
despite the offensive way
proclaiming it.)
sense and logic.
President Kennedy that
arbitrarily, rather than!,"' andsauist'hcchaTige5
Power Development Debt Limit
to 2 and 3. Vote "yes."
Creation and Jurisdic-
egislature to create and oeitne
has worlM well. I his
to chaos and expensive
districts, and would be
primary and secondary:
E. A. " I
MEDFORD
"Now, Where Wai I?"
Communications
Brain Teaser
To the Editor: On the day
of tricks, I would like to send
you a:
Brainteaser , . .
Paradox to end all para
doxes . , .
The richest, most educated,
most anti-Communist country
in the world has Just sent four
UN representatives from four
pro - Communist countries to
Communist Cuba to ask a
Communist dictator to dis
mantle the king of the Com.
munists missues that are
aimed at the heart and vital
parts and population centers
of this most anti-Communist
country; while the arms quar
antine, the aerial reconnais
sance and now the American
press has been temporarily
turned off.
UN repr esentatives are
from these countries:
1. Burma
2. Brazil
3. The Arab Republics
4. India (turned anti-Communist
Oct. 29, 1962.)
All of the above four coun
tries have been pro-Communist
and doing business as
usual with the Communists.
The population of this coun
try have all settled down and
consider we have bested the
Communists. What do you
think? Who Is passing out the
tranquilizers?
A worried American
housewife,
Mrs. Helen Mullin
P.O. Box 283
Talent, Ore.
P.S.-WouId some really In
formed person please assure
me that one or more of the
above statements are not true?
H.M.
Yes, No, Against, For
To the Editor: Vote YES to
repeal the school district re
organization law. Why should
the voters need to circulate a
petition and get signatures of
"10 per cent or at least 50,
whichever is the lesser (or
smaller) number of the legal
voters of any school district
involved in the change" and
submit same to the rural
school board for permission
(which can be denied) to vote
on a mailer on which a plan
to change has already been
made?
ORS 330.630, subsection 2,
states "(he rural school board,
at the time and place desig
nated in the notices of hear-
After hearing such arguments
Ihe rural school board shall
(not may) order the change
to be made effective the fnt
lowing July first.'' In subsec
tion 3 a procedure is outlined
for protest but as I see it
there would be little accom
plished bv one's efforts.
Vote NO on proposition 6
which would establish the so
called Daylight Saving Time.
There are 24 hours each dav.
no more, no less. There wouid j
be no gain by setting the I
clocks ahead and would do no
good whatsoever. The whole
idea has been said by one wit
to come from the old Indian
who rut off one end of his
blanket and sewed It on the
other end to make It longer,
Anyway the Idea of changing
the clock one hour earlier is
about the same thing. We'll
Just have lo hope the legisla
ture will right the mistake.
Because he is for this Idiotic
changing of the clocks I op
pose the election of Charles
W. Crary for slate representa
tive and favor the election of
Rranchfield. Dellcnhai-k and
Dumas. There would be a
winning team in my estima
tion. Sorry I can't help to defeat
Richard Nixon in his efforts
to become governor of Cali
fornia. The fact that he favors
capital punishment indicates
he approves murder if the ma
jority of a large group of peo
ple want It. I hope Nixon is
defeated
Flovd R Mi-Cihe
Mt Put Star rt.
Butte Falls, Ore.
(Additional Communications
on 3-A)
MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter lippmann
(c) New York Herald Tribune Syndicate
THE CUBAN
ARRANGEMENT
The outcome of these anx
ious days shows that the
President has used military
force boldly
and success-
fully to
achieve a spe
cific and lim
ited objective.
Cuba is to be
disarmed and
neutralized as
a strategic
base in the
Western hem
Lippmann
isphere.
There has been no appease
ment and there has been no
retreat or surrender. At the
same time the President has
obtained his objective with
out total blockade, bombing,
or invasion. This was possible
because he sought a nego
tiated settlement which did
not call for and does not mean
an unconditional surrender.
In ihe Day's News
Br FRANK JENKINS
Two questions:
1. What happened in Cuba?
2. WHY did it happen?
AS TO No. 1, the fact seems
to be that Krooch crawled
out from under Castro and
left him to paddle his own
canoe in Cuba.
Why?
Well, an AP dispatch from
Moscow this morning says:
"The Kremlin's information
machine yesterday swung in
to a massive exercise designed
to save face on the Soviet
backdown in Cuba. Over and
over, Moscow radio broad
cast statements praising Prem
ier Nikita S. Khrushchev for
his decision to remove Soviet
weapons from Cuba.
"The government news
paper Izvestia gave an exam
ple of what the Soviet man
in the street is being told
about Cuba. The newspaper's
front page was topped by a
big headline which said:
"ALL OF MANKIND IS
HAILING THE WISDOM
AND LOVE FOR PEACE OF
THE SOVIET GOVERN
MENT."
SO THERE you have it.
It was wisdom and love
for mankind that led Mr.
Khrushchev to call off his
dogs in Cuba
Touching, isn't it?
1JUT
1)
The other Gold Dust Twin
of communism sees it in a
different light. A dispatch
from Tokyo this morning
says:
"Red China's newspapers
for the second consecutive
day reported Soviet Premier
Nikita S. Khrushchev's pledge
to dismantle Russia's missiles
in Cuba. Rather unusual
treatment given the reports
appeared designed to show
Khrushchev as a man who
WILTED UNDER STRONG
AMERICAN PRESSOR E.
They were coupled wilh ex
pressions by the Priping
regime of Mao Tse Tung -Khrushchev's
chief rival for
leadership of the world com
munist movement - reaffirm
ing Red China's support of
Cuban Premier Fidel Casiro."
T'
MIE conclusion?
It seems to be that all
isn't sweetness and light
among ihe Communist big
shots. So far. they h;ue been
follow ing Machiavellt's rector
for certain virtoiv DIVIDE
AND CONQUER
But
There is a hint here that
there is a di ision m the com
munist world. If so, we cm
say wilh Hamlet, m fervent
agreement " Tis a consum
mation d e v o u t 1 y to be
w ishrd."
When Ihlevr fa'l out, linn :
est men can come into their
own.
(ueaniaeajtaiaai
J assail
' Vl
De Gaulle's Popularity Seems Waning;
Election Won Over Strong Opposition
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Newt Analyst
Since May, 1958, when
President Charles de Gaulle
took over French leadership
with dictator!
al powers to
settle the Al-
Serian con-
f 1 I c t, the
French people
dutifully have
been follow
ing his lead.
This week the
President won
Nawsora another of the
popularity contests to which
he has resorted frequently
over the last four years as
he has gone about changing
the political and physical
structure o France.
But it was won by a nar-
rower margin than hoped and
accompanied by many a cry
of foul by a united parliamen
tary opposition to his demand
that future French presidents
be elected by direct vote of
the people.
The crux of the settlement
is the dismantling under UN
supervision of the strategic
weapons in return for the
President's promise that Cuba
will not be blockaded or in
vaded. 'THIS result could not have
A been achieved at all with
out readiness to use the mili
tary power of the United
States, which in the Carib
bean is overwhelming. But
the results could not have
been achieved simply and
peaceably if the President
had made his objective, not
the dismantling of the bases
but, unconditional surrender
that is to say, Ihe disman
tling of Castro's Communist
regime.
To be sure, the United
States is quite capable of in
vading Cuba and destroying
the Castro regime. But it is
not capable of doing this
without serious losses (the
current estimate has been
40.000 casualties) and not
without unmeasurable con
flicts wilh the Soviet Union
and with our allies and
friends all over the world.
Like a good general, the
President has known what to
go for and where to stop.
REMEMBERING how In the
first World War Wilson
was driven by the war fever
into an extreme position
which left Central Europe in
chaos remembering how in
the second World War Roose
velt went over lo uncondi
tional surrender, and thus not
only prolonged the war but
made is insoluble by bring
ing the Russians into Europe
remembering that in the
Korean war, when General
MacArthur had won the war
by his brilliant campaign
from the Inchon landing,
President Truman yielded to
the extremists and pushed on
to the Yalu River and a mili
tary and political disaster
I was afraid when 1 heard
President Kennedy on Mon
day. Oct. 22, that once again
we were on the line of un
conditional surrender and
that once again we would
squander an attainable vic
tory by engaging in a crusade
to get rid of Castro.
This anxiety, I am happy
lo say. was unfounded. Thus,
as I have learned since then,
Kennedy did what Wilson,
Roosevelt, and Truman did
not do. He kept open the
channel of diplomatic com
munication with his advers
ary and he did not fall in with
Ihose who in this war crisis,
as in all the other war crises
of this century, wanted not a
settlement but a crusade.
The world will be im
pressed with Kennedy's reso
lution. It will also be im
pressed by his wisdom.
A
S IN all good settlements
and both are the gainers.
President Kennedy has freed
Ihe United States and the
Western hemisphere from a
very serious danger that
there would he established in
our midst, and within reach
of a desperate and somewhat
demented Castro, sufficient
niii-tru,- M,,Vl(M- 1, ctrL-A a tnf. I
rible blow without warning.
Chairman Khrushchev has
freed himself of a very dan
gerous entanglement in an
area where the vital inter
rsis of the Soviet Union are
not involved.
To my mind the biggest
mystery of this whole affair
is why or how Chairman
Khrushchev ever got himself
cntangitd in a serious mili
lary way with Castro and
Cuba Whatever the explana
tion, lv stepping back he has
got rid of the entanglement
We are not, of course, at
the end of the Cuban prob
lem. Bur Castro and his
Cubans now know that tlirv
do not have the military i
backing of the Soviet Union, j
4 J'
Responding to De Gaulle's
threat that he wouid quit "at
once and without return" if
he failed to receive a substan
tial vole of confidence, French
voters gave him a healthy 62
per cent of the votes cast.
But it was the slimmest
margin of any since June,
1H58, and growing opposition
was signified not only by
those who voted against him
but by the substantial number
who stayed al home.
In 1958, French voters en
dorsed his cons t i t u t i o n a 1
changes by a ma.-gin of four
to one. This week, his sup
port actually came from less
than half of France's regis
tered voters.
Victory was won, however,
Strictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
(c- Field Enterprises Inc.
PERSONAL PREJUDICES'
The people who know what
they want are able to travel
in a straight line and either
achieve or miss their goal; the
people who don't know what
they want are able to drift
aimlessly through their lives;
but it is the people who want
opposite and irreconcilable
things al the same time who
can never be satisfied with
fate. (This, by the way, is why
most public performers are
perpetually discontented: they
want both notoriety and pri
vacy in equal measure.)
I think it is not without
tome deep significance that
man standi halfway in lit
between the atom and ihe
universe - that, in physical
terms, each atom within ui
bean the same ratio in size
to our body ai our body
bears io the total universe;
thus, man is truly "in ihe
middle," ihe very fulcrum
of creation.
If you don't return home
from a foreign trip with the
feeling that your own coun
try has some odd habits and
peculiar customs, then the trip
has not "broadened" you - it
has merely flattened you.
Whenever we have an ar
gument with ourselves, the
side lhat usually loses is the
one that shouts, "You
shouldn't!" and the side that
usually wins is ihe one lhat
whispers, "You deserve it."
Not to suggest that soft
voiced people cannot be stu
pid, but it is generally true
that the louder the voice the
lower Ihe level of intellect.
Husbands who lend io be
extremely critical of their
wives in public are often
quite dependent upon ihem
in private; and ihe public
treatment it simply a way
of expressing resentment of
the private dependence.
No pacifist or idealist has
been able to say, more tersely
or convincingly, what Napo
leon said in summing up his
career of conquest and col
lapse: "The more 1 study the
world, the more I am con
vinced of the inability of
brute force to create any
thing durable."
The ordinary people are
duped by iheir simplicity,
and the extraordinary peo
ple are duped by their so
phistication; each type falls
in the direction of its own
special weakness, which it
thinks to be a strength.
Women are unjustly ac
cused of babbling a great deal,
but that is how the feminine
process of logic works; unlike
man. a woman cannot tell
what she thinks until she
hears what she says. The fe
male mind is an exquisitely
engineered "feedback"' sys
tem.
From birlh until 25 or so,
we shape our livesi from
25 to 50 or so. our lives
shape us; and we spend ihe
years from 50 until death
wondering how this curious
reversal came to be.
and that while they will not
he blockaded or invaded by
the United States, they will
still be watched carefully and
no adventures in Latin
America will be permitted
Castro will have to consider
whether he can long survive
with the economic support of
only the Communist bloc, and
how, if he can't, he can work
his way back into the com
munity of American slates.
That is lor Ihe future.
TMIE Kennedy - Khrushchev
fl'ibn settlement envisages
efforts to reach other settle
ments, some steps in disarm
ament, possibly some kind of
redeployment as between the
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
countries.
In this, the lole might well
he to reduce tension by mak
ing first those agreements
which do not seriously mat
ter Agreements about mili
tary assets that are provoc
ative without counting in the
over-all balance of power
might well be (he easiest to
achiev e.
over formidable opposition.
Returns from the April 8,
1962, referendum approving
the Algerian peace settlement
showed a growing number of
Frenchmen opposed to in
creased powers for De Gaulle.
Sunday's referendum, tak
ing the presidential election
out of the hands of about
50,000 privileged politicians,
found every political party
aligned against him with the
exception of his own Union
for the New Republic.
With considerable reason,
De Gaulle's opposition accus
ed him of obscuring the real
issue, the con s t i t u 1 1 o n a 1
change, and making it one
of his own prestige. There
also were bitter complaints
that the government was mo
nopolizing radio and televi
sion air time.
In any event, it seemed ap
parent that the honeymoon
was all but over.
A new National Assembly
will be elected next month
Alcffer of Fact
(ci Njw York Herald
VICTORYI
Washington - In any histor
ic drama like the Cuban cri
sis, it is always necessary lo
wait for the
epilogue to be
sure there is
nothing mis
leading in the
act. But with
this proviso,
one may al-
'h2 ready say that
I I President Ken
nedy appears
Aisnp (o have won
a remarkable victory.
It is, to be sure, a limited
victory. Fidel Castro has been
taught a bitterly sharp lesson,
about the value of his Soviet
connection among other
things. But he has not yet
been destroyed or driven
from power; and if the Khru
shchev - Kennedy agreement
holds, Casiro will even be
guaranteed against invasion
from American soil.
On this point, il is well to
bear in mind the first rule of
the earliest military theorist
in history, who is also one of
those who are still most worth
reading. Nearly 25 centuries
ago, the great Chinese, Sun
Tzu, wrote in his classic work,
"On War," lhat the victor's
worst error was to drive the
vanquished into a corner;
since the victory might then
be marred or lost by a des
perate counterattack.
DUN TZU'S rule still applied
to the Cuban crisis. This
was the first confrontation in
volving the naked use of force
of the two giant powers of Ihe
new era, which opened when
the Soviets acquired a full
panoply of nuclear weapons.
It reduced Qucmoy to the sta
tus of a semi-crisis, and the
Lebanon landing lo a Madi
son Avenue - style polher.
Yet the voice from the remote
past had something true to
say about this fearful modern
turning point.
Maybe we could have gone
on to eliminate Fidel Castro,
with perfect impunity. Yet the
two successive Soviet mes
sages, naming altogether dif
ferent terms for settlement,
were a warning as well as a
proof of disarray in the Krem
lin. Il was beller lo gain our
staled objective and to stop
there, than lo ignore Ihe
warning and to risk an irra
tional response from a corner
ed Soviet government which
was already showing symp
toms of irrationality.
Furthermore, if the ballis
tic missle sites are indeed dis-
niantlcd. as the Soviets have
promised, there will he no
question that we have gained
a victory without a real prere-
dent in the grim story of the
cold war.
HM1E BLOCKADE of Berlin
A was relaxed. The altaik
on Qucmoy was suspended.
The Korean War ended in
truce. But atthough Ihe Com
munists abandoned these ad
ventures when they encounter-
- a" .
pill
"One thing I'll never understand aboul a pohheian if
ihings are so miserable, what's he so happy about . . . ?"
and there seems little reason
to believe that De Gaulle can
win anything like a majority.
The new assembly cannot
topple De Gaulle but it can
withhold approval of his
budget or speedily overthrow
any premier he might name.
If government processes are
to be orderly, there must be
a considerable change in Da
Gaulle's tactics, which here
tofore have been lo run
roughshod over the assembly
in matters both domestic and
foreign.
Opposition to De Gaulle
springs from sources which
are both political and eco
nomic. All parties are demanding
a greater voice in foreign af.
fairs.
There are increasing de
mands for greater participa.
tion in NATO and the move
toward an integrated Europe,
even at the loss of some
French sovereignty, which Dt
Gaulle has rejected.
By Joseph Alsop
Tribune Syndicate
ed stiff opposition, they have
never before retreated from
any position already solidly
occupied, with the possible
exceplion of Azerbaijan in
1946. The retreat from the Cu
ban missile sites is therefore
an enormous event, if only for
this reason.
It is also a highly Indicative
event, in two quite different
ways. One of its indications
needs to be weighed by those
who always want to be nego
tiating. They are already be
ginning to raise the cry, "Now
we can negotiate again."
But in the first place, the
American willingness lo ne
gotiate endlessly, sometimes
in fairly humiliating circum
stances, was clearly one o
the factors that persuaded the
masters of the Kremlin they
could get away wilh their
Irick in Cuba because o
America's supposed softness.
Then, ton, negotiation cer
tainly ought lo be approached
with skepticism, after this
viciously Machiavellian So
viet ' attempt to subvert the
world power balance by a
clandestine trick.
AN THE other hand, the Cu
" ban experience also points
to a more hopeful future, if
we only bear in mind the les
son concerning the rewards
of stoutheartedness.
In the aftermath of Iheir
remarkable victory, the White
House and its attendant de
mnnologisls are naturally a
liltle apprehensive. The argu
ment is made that after losing
so much face in Cuba, the
masters of the Kremlin may
he driven to true up by some
particularly ugly action some
where else. It is prudent to
weigh this argument, and it
is also prudent to remember
lhat the point of greatest dan
ger, free Berlin, is within the
physical sphere of Soviet con
venlional power, whereas
Cuba presented special dif
ficulties for the Soviets be
cause it was and is within the
American power-sphere.
The Kremlin hot - heads,
whose existence is now prov
en, may well argue that the
Cuban experience actually
shows Ihe safety of aggressive
action at a place like Berlin,
where Soviet conventional
power predominates. But Ber
lin's freedom has always been
protected, not by the conven
tional power of NATO, but
by American nuclear power.
The greatest danger to Ber
lin, moreover, has been the
Kremlin's evident belief.
' again
nrnven hv Ihn Pnhan
' rv,,erienre. tliai ihe 11 s w-a
ln0 soft and weak-willed to
, stand up to a direct challenge,
Thai gravely dangerous false
conviction, we may now hope,
las been abruptly shattered.
And this is a gain that gives
the strongest insurance
against future Kremlin ugli
ness, if we can only avoid im
planting new doubts in Mos
cow about our stoutheartedness.