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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 7, 1962)
4 A SUNOA Y, OCTOBER 7. 1962 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON MEDFORDMWTRlBUNB Everyone IrTSouth'ern Oregon Rcarii The Mall Tribune'- Published Daily except Saturday by MEDFORD PRINTING CO. S3 North Fir Jit.. Ph.772-6141 ROBERT W RUHL. Editor HERB C.REV Advertising Manager GERALD T LATHAM. But. Mgr. ERIC W ALLEN JR.. Mng. Editor EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN. Tele Editor RICHARD JEWETT. SporU Editor OLIVE STARCHER Women'! Editor DALE ER1CKS0N. Circulation Mgr An Independent Newspaper Entered as second class mal.er at Medford, Oregon, under Act of March 3. 1807 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance. Daily and Sunday 1 year $111 00 Daily and SundBy 8 moi. 10 00 Dailv and Sunday 3 nios. 5.00 Sunday Only One year $5 00 Single Copy (Malledl 20c By Camel And Motor Route Daily and Sunday 1 year 2 on Daily and Sunday 1 mo. L75 Sunday Only 1 mo. 3 Carrier andcndors- copy luc Bfflclirpaper of City of Medford Official I'aperof Jackson County UnlTe'd preNs'lnternatlonal Full Leaned Wire U. P. I. Telepholo Ncwsplctures "MEMBER" OF AUDIT "BUREAU OFIRCULATIONS Advertising Rforesentativc: NELSON ROBERTS & ASSOC!- Mfr-e IMIUu In MnU Vorlt. Clll- eaco Detroit. San Francisco. Los Angeles. Seattle. Portland. Denver. NATIONAL EDITORIAL ASfSpCfrATION Stf NEWSPAPER 0- Flighlo'Time Medford and Jackson County History from the tiles ot Thi Mail Tribun. 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO Oct. 7, 195 (Tuesday) Three new cases of polio were reported to the Jackson county public health office late yesterday, bringing the total for the year to 19, the highest in at the least the last 15 years. A project application for Medford airport Improve ments amounting to $57,500 has been approved by the Medford city courtcil. 20 YEARS AGO Oct. 7, 1942 (Wednesday) K. A. Wells, local Boy Scout executive, announces annointmcnt of J. A. McDoug- all as Crater Lake area com missioner. From Arthur Perry's "Ye c.,,rli,n Pol" rnlnmn: "Mt, Pitt now looms majestic, but bare. Amateur mountain climbers will find no cushiony snowbanks to hit on tne way down after a mis-step." 30 YEARS AGO Oct. 7. 1932 (Friday) Last minute effort pushes drive for funds for Medford Civic Music association con cert season "over the top." Fcdernl Judge James Alger Fee, Portland, arrives In Med ford to conduct federal court session here for first time. 40 YEARS AGO Oct. 7, 1922 (Saturday) Ashlnnd starts campaign to get better water supply. Local merchants donate prizes fur 10'22 Apple show nrrc; awards Include $5 cut glass bowl and 10-pound pail of liird. 50 YEARS AGO Oct. 7. 1912 (Monday) Griftm Creek man files for homestead alter living on land tor l!fl years. Story in the Mail Tribune. dalcllnVd New York, tells nt Invention of talking moving picture machine by Thomas A. Kdison. What's Your I.Q.7 Nina or ten correct is superior; seven or eight is excellent; five 01 six is good. 1. What three countries border on Spain? 2. What island in the Arc lie region is famous for lis hot springs? 3. What word Is used to In dicate the moisture content of the atmosphere? 4. Name the two Tudor Queens of England. 5. Whom did Moses appoint Commander-in-Chief of his Army? S. What was the name of the bird Hint became extinct because it was too stupid to live? 7. Whase sweetheart was Aim Rutlcrigc? 8. Did Indian chief Pontine organize his conspiracy in Il linois, Pennsylvania, Michi gan, or Ohio? 9. "Charity to all, bearing no malice or ill-will to any human being," Did Lincoln, J. Q. Adams, or Garfield slate this? 10. A Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was nicknam ed "Silver Heels"; who was he- Answers: 1. France, Andor ra and Portugal. 2. Iceland. 3. Humidity. 4. Mary Ann Elisabeth, S. Joab. 8. Dodo. 7. Abraham Lincoln. 8. M)chi gan. 9. J. Q. Adam. 10. John Marshall. fclWWl PUBLISHERS A-SSOC.AT.ON From Now The general election Nov. 6. On that day no communications 01 a po litical nature will appear. If past experience holds true, the number of communications win enmtj snarpiy oetween now and Nov. 5. There is already evidence of this usual trend. Therefore, in seeking fairness and interest alike, the Mail Tribune ing practices between now ana Nov. o: 01 . . . CHORT communications will receive priority over long ones. Fresh, new viewpoints or ideas will receive priority over tired rehashes of over-debated is sues. New writers will receive priority over those who have had letters printed recently or fre quently. No "name on file" letters will be printed if thev pertain to the election. "These, coupled with the simple rules which annear at the head of umn, will govern editing of the column between now and election. We will try to print all letters received, but because of the volume cannot guar antee to do so. E. A. Oregon's Minerals Lumbering, horticulture and general agri culture are the three leading bases for Jackson county's economy, and one gets into the habit of thinking that, aside from distributing, retailing and service industries, that's about it. We are reminded by the current issue of the Ore.-Bin, publication of the state department of geology and mineral industries, that mineral pro duction is also important here. During 1961, the Ore.-Bin reports, minerals valued at a total of $4,387,000 were produced in the county. IT DID not give a break-down of production, but the total included sand and gravel, cement, stone, and clay, among the non-metallic minerals, and gold, copper and silver among the metalic ones. Throughout the state, mineral production in cluded clay, copper, gold ore, lime, mercury, nickel, pumice, sand and gra vel, silver ($2,000 worth), stone ($20,939,000 worth, making it the largest single item pro duced), uranium ore, zinc, asbestos, cement, diatomite, gem stones and lead. That is a pretty respectable record for a state not known primarily as a mining state. Total values were $54,922,000, with sand and gravel following stone as an income-producer, followed by lime. MOT INCLUDED in the 'dollar totals (to pro- tect the income figures of the Hanna com pany, the only nickel producer in the state) was nickel, but 12,800 tons of ore and concentrate were produced at the Riddle plant. Douglas county, because of the nickel mine and plant, led all 3(i Lane in dollar value of a total of $7,001,000. Lane county's total was $8,275,000. Baker county was third, with $4,927, 000 and Jackson was fourth. Josephine and Kla math counties totaled $753,000 and $730,000 respectively. Overall, production was down 5 per cent from the Ore.-Bin pointed out than other business indices such as building per mits, highway contracts, and heavy engineering awards. piIE ORE.-BIN'S article "Oregon's mineral industry is active in every county in the stale, and extends directly or indirectly into every community as well. In sharp contrast to many of the stale's income-producing activities, which are highly seasonal and characterized by severe though temporary labor shortages followed by periods of wide-scale unemployment, the mining industry lends lo maintain a more measured and even course throughout the year . , . Smile mining activity decreased or stopped. The Gas-Ice Corp. plant near Ashland ceased iroduction after having y JH) million pounds ot drilled wells which yielded carbon dioxide, the publication reports. Both mercury and lime pro duction decreased. But gold production, while still small, in creased by 37 per cent, uranium production, all in Lake county from two mines, increased, and zinc production reached a 10-year high. 'THE ORE.-BIN iep'irtod" that the rock hound "industry" is becoming a significant one. It said : "Also showing a .steady growth, despite notoriously in efficient mining methods, lack of coordinated effort, a eontplele dei-enliatiation of management, and with small operations scattered over most of the slate, is the semi precious com 'industry ' Outstanding among the commit nilies in Ihe state which are attempting to encouraac the roekhonnds is Ihe city of Prineville. The Crook County Chamber of Commerce distributes maps and information about local diKgings, and has even located its own claims which are open lo the public. Al year's end other commu nities in Ihe slate were laying plans to provide the public engaged In this fast-growing activity with help and infor mation." Tha mrwt eiivnir'ti'jint rh:inpv rliirinn- thr vr:ir ivns tho l'niM'fnsprl nil-loiisp activity, both in the Willamette valley, and off shore. For the future, the possibility of coal production from seams of low-grade materials in Coos county, for electric power generation, is under active study. All in all, there's more going on in minerals than most people in Oregon realized. E. A. to Nov. 5 this year is on Tuesday, will adhere to the follow the communications col ($37,000 worth), iron Oregon counties except minerals produced, with 111 tne state as a wnole the year previous, but that it held up better continues: recovered approximate- dry ice lrom a series 01 Out-Of-The-World 0 .1 .- . Matter of Fact (c) New York Herald NIXON'S IMPROVING CHANCES San Francisco - The trend in a few precincts docs not make a state-wide tide, any more than a few swallows make a sum mer. But after rather inten sive pavement pounding both here and in Los Angeles, this reporter is convinced that former Richard ' M. Alsnp Vice-President Nixon has an excellent chance to win the California elec tions. This will be something of an upset, if It happens. As al ready reported in this space, Morvin Field's usually de pendable California poll now shows Nixon's opponent, Gov. Pat Brown, with a close-to-commanding lead ot 6 per centage points. The best local judges of political form think Field is right. And Nixon's own polls also show Brown in the lead, though by a mere hairline margin. That was not what Tom and Joan Braden of the Oc canside Blade-Tribune and this reporter found, however, when we rang doorbells in precincts 1240 and 2180 in Los Angeles, and in the 254th precinct of the 18tth Assem bly District here in San Fran cisco. IiHESE precincts were cho sen because, in 1960, they divided almost exactly evenly. The widest margin either way, was Kennedy's lead of 108 to 103 in precinct 2180 in Los Angeles. The two Los Angeles pre cincts were as like as two peas in a pod - pleasant, semi-sub-urban neighborhoods full of pleasant people in the com fortable lower middle income range. The San Francisco per cinct was a more varied neigh borhood of apartments and two - family houses, in which Chinese, Italians, left-leaning intellectuals, and all sorts of other types co-cxislcd in an amiable melting-pot style. We look big samples of all three precincts. Leaving out persons who were unregister ed, and those who were plain ly not going to bother to go to the polls (like some of the less politically aware Chinese ladies in San Francisco), our total of polices was 136 -which was a large sample from three precincts which only cast a tolal oi about 700 voles in Ihe Presidential elec tion. 'JillK GOOD news lor Nixon and bad news for Govern or Brown can be rather sim ply summed up. In all three precinols. some people who had voted for President Ken "It's no use Get acetylene Serie By Joseph Alsop Tribune Syndicate nedy in 1960 were now get ting ready to vote for the former Vice-President. But among those who had voted for Nixon In 1960, no one was seriously considering voting for Brown this year except a solitary San Fran cisco Chinese. This is such good news for Nixon, and such bad news for Brown, because the 1960 elec tion in California was about as close as an election in a very big state can possibly be. Nixon won the state in the end by a few thousand absen tee ballots. It is obvious, therefore, that if almost no former Nixon-voters are mov ing into the Brown column, and if fair numbers of former Kennedy -voters are mean while moving into the Nixon column, Brown is in serious trouble. The result varied from pre cinct to precinct. Our pollees in Los Angeles precinct 2100 had given 20 votes to Kenne dy against 17 for Nixon. They now split 17 for Nixon, 16 for Brown, and the rest un decided; with three former Kennedy voters among those decided for Nixon. The people in Los Angeles precinct 1240 had given Nix on 26 voles against 25 for Kennedy. They now split 27 for Nixon against 16 for Brown, and the rest undecid ed; and here four former Ken nedy voters crossed into the Nixon column. rpHOSE we polled in the San a- Francisco precinct had given Kennedy 25 votes and Nixon 17 votes, and there were five new voters, plus one lady who so much dis liked both Kennedy and Nix on that she had not voted in the Presidential line. They now gave Brown 22 votes against 21 votes for Nixon, with the rest undecided. Two former Kennedy-voters cross ed over, more than balancing the solitary former Nlxon voter who was going for Brown. As already noted, three pre cincts are not much better than three swallows, if as in dicative. But the consistency of the pattern is notable ail the same. What makes it more notable is another pattern which also emerged quite consistantly. When we asked our pollees how they would vote if Kennedy and Nixon were again fighting it out for their answer showed a small but significant Kennedy gain in all three precincts. The Kennedy gain that we found will not be much conso lation for the Democrats if there is anything like the trend away from Brown that we also found. The plain truth is that California is the one really big stale (unless you count Massachusetts) where the Democrats have seemed fj.- a grill expert with an torch ,1" Today fir Tomorrow By Walter lippmann (el New York Herald Tribune Syndicate MISSISSIPPI AND AFTER The President and the Attorney-General have done well by the country in their h a n d 1 ing of the Mississip pi affair. They have used force without bluster, never forgetting that the inevitable wounds must be helped to heal. For my self I feel, as Lippmann I have not felt since the Cuban fiasco of 1961, that the Presi dent has become the accom plished master of the enor mous forces he commands. For his reward in Mississippi, he has crushed Governor Bar- nett's rebellion and has earned the preponderant assent of leading and enlightened opin ion in the South. The only mistake he made was that in his desire to con ciliate the people of Mississip pi he trusted the Governor too much. He trusted the Gov ernor to use the state police forces to prevent mob vio lence. As it turned out, the Governor let the mob try to do what he had boasted he would do but in the event could not do. He had declared that the police forces of the state of Mississippi would be interposed to prevent the en forcement of the Federal law. But when he was faced with the Federal forces, he aban doned that threat and instead allowed the state forces to let the mob attack the Federal marshals. This was a sordid ending to the doctrine of in terposition. rjVHE DOCTRINE itself has --been put forth recurrently for over 160 years. Its origin al authors were Jefferson and Madison who, in their efforts to nullify the hateful Alien and Sedition Laws passed by the Federalists, drafted reso lutions for the state govern ments of Virginia and Ken tucky. The resolutions assert ed the right of a state to nulli fy a law which is considered to be a violation of the con stitution. The resolutions were never acted upon because after Jef ferson's election in 1800 the Alien and Sedition Laws were repealed. Nevertheless, i n 1803 Chief Justice Marshall in the famous case of Mar bury vs. Madison laid down the paramount rule of our constitutional system that "it is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial De partment to say what the law is." The idea of interposition re curred again on Nov. 24, 1832, when the legislature of South Carolina voted to nullify the so-called "Tariff of Abomina tions," which had been passed by Congress. To this "Ordin- to have a chance of a major off-year victory. If Nixon wins here, and if the other big states follow the reported Republican trend, this election can become a major misfortune for the Ken nedy administration. And this is all the more true, because a Nixon victory will almost certainly affect the Demo crats' chances to gain Cali fornia scats in the House of Representatives, on wh i c h they have built such high hopes. niiipauaieaj'i " !j Where Has the Soul By ERIC SEVAREID The proper study of man kind supposedly is man, but we remain uninstructed in the processes that end in the death of a human city while we know precise ly how a tcr m i t e colony expires. The termitary be gins to die Sevareld when the queen ant, deep within its recesses, herself dies or is re moved. Willi her mysterious life force gone, the worker and soldier anls mill about in disarray; discipline ends, there is no purpose anymore. All the anls, which are like corpuscles In a unified body, themselves vanish and die. The mud encasement of the ant city, which may have have stood for decades, is sud denly and mysteriously per meable to water and begins to fall apart. I never expect tc riisrover who done it in the celebrat ed case of cock robin, but I would give a great deal to know why and when Ihe queen ant that provided the soul, the life-force, for the hu man termitary called New York City was taken away. For surely, it is gone. The workers and soldiers and feeders march through their normal drill as if by habit. but conscious creatures ance of Nullification1 Presi dent Andrew Jackson re plied in a proclamation of Dec. 10, 1832, declaring that "I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one state, incompatible with the exist ence of the Union." Since interposition is in ef fect secession from the Union, that was the basic issue de cided by the Civil War. ... rpHE THEORY of interposi-- tion, nullification, and even secession came alive again aft er 1954 when the Supreme Court in Brown vs. Board of Education ruled that segrega tion in public schools is un constitutional. The resentment at this de cision has been the nucleus of other resentments against the Federal government, against taxes, welfare measures, in dustrial and agricultural regu lation, and the like. This clus ter of resentments against the Federal power is the basis of the Radical Right extending all the way from the romantic Goldwater to such rowdies as General Walker. In a great continental feder ation like ours there will probably never be a time when local communities, be lieving that their way of life is threatened by the central government, will not try to resist. At the present time the hard core of the resistance to integration will not soon melt away. It will persist, and when the troops and the mar shals have been withdrawn, it is almost certain to recur. TT WILL recur unless the -- Federal government does what it has not done since the Supreme Court decision. It has never worked out a pol icy, it has never negotiated a plan and an understanding, with the enlightened leaders of the Southern states, where, as in Mississippi and in Ala bama, the problem is acute. It is not a sufficient policy to be prepared to use Federal forces to back the individual man or child who has obtain ed, or has had obtained for him, a decision from a Federal court. That is no doubt law enforcement. What is needed is to win consent in states like Mississippi for a policy of law observance. My own hope, based on the action of most Southern states from Louisiana to Virginia, is that a policy might be worked out by negotiation which would be based on this prin ciple: that in the Deep South desegregation should begin with the educaation of the Negro elite of lawyers, doc tor s, engineers, ministers, leachers, and journalists, and that for the near future the really difficult problems of integrating the co-educational high schools shall not be pressed. Mr. Meredith is a good sym bol of such a policy. He is not an adolescent. He is in fact 29, he is married and has a family, and he is a veteran. Quite evidently, he Is on the way to being a leader in the delicate relations between the two races in his state. I know that this approach runs contrary to the abstract principle of legal equality But I believe it deals with the problems of how - with all the deliberate speed that the realities permit - the principle can eventually be carried out. though they be, they no long er know why. Why is New York now loud but not exciting, glassy but no longer shining? We know why its comfort vanished and then its safety, but what hap pened to its glamour. The spe cial and wonderful feeling that New York alone possess ed and gave, when and why did this seep away? I haven't, myself, a firm Idea -an admission that should get me expelled from the columnists' club. The soul of New York seems to have died, compartment by com partment, like the organs of a body. Wall Street was pow er, but power is only nostal gia now among those canyons. Greenwich Village was youth and dreams of glory in the lime of Edna St Vincent Mil- lay; it is a tarnished carbon ! copy now. Broadway was ! glory and glamor not so long I ago; it is a human junk yard ! now and a bawling stockyard on New Year's Eve. idiot's de light. One could lie on the grass of Central Park at eve ning and watch the marvelous webbings of light come on, strand after strand in quick succession; now evening brings the odor of crime and , fear from that once friendly ! earth. I Remember when there was ; conversation at the Algon quin, when admittance to the Twenty-One club was a tri : umph, when it was Important to be seen at the Stork club, I when appearance on the cover Try and -By BENNETT CERF- THE NIGHT EDITOR of a newspaper that suddenly had suspended publication had to come home and break the) bad news to his wife and three small boys. In fact, this wa the second enterprise that, through no fault of his own, had collapsed and stranded him within a year, and he could not disguise his discourage ment The boys said nothing, but when the editor awoke and walked into the dining room the next morning, he found spread on the table a poster, with rough lettering that proclaimed, "We believe in you, Dad!" Onto it the three lads had poured the contents of their individual savings banks. A sturdy lad asked his father, "Do you know if Mary's lamb followed her to school every day?" "That she did," said Father. "And how," pursued the lad, "did it all end?" "They finally sep arated," said Father. "The lajnb graduated." A co-ed at Baylor University paraded around the campus with two silver bars conspicuously pinned to her sweater. "I take it," commented an observant English professor, "that you have aa army captain for a boy friend." "No, air," said the co-ed cheerfully. "Two lieutenants." Sign on a Toledo auto repair shop window: "Save the next dents for us." O ISM. by Bennett Cert Distributed by King Features Syndlcat In the Day's News By FRANK In San Francisco last week, Governor Edmund G. Brown and Challenger Richard M. Nixon rode into the final weeks of the election cam paign on what the reporters describe as a wave of bitter charges and counter-charges. Brown talked extensively about two candidates for Con gress from California, both members of the John Birch Society, and wanted to know at first hand whether Nixon endorses them or repudiates them. Nixon countered with ques tions about two Democrats who, he alleges, helped to lead the riots against the House Un-American Activities Com mittee when it met in San Francisco in May of 1960. BOTH, of course, are appeals to prejudice and have lit tle, if anything, to do with cf icent administration of the government of the state of California. Personally, I'd much rather hear two gubernatorial candi dates get up and tell how they think their state ought to be run in order to provide better government for the people at less cost to the taxpayers. I can't help thinking that would be much better for everybody concerned. Modern politics is getting to be a weird institution. TN MOSCOW, Liu Hsiao Communist China's ambas sador to the U. S. S. R., tells a communist audience that three years of poor harvests, caused by DROUTHS, are be ing successfully overcome. He says the Chinese agri cultural communes (the Chin ese communist system of herd ing farmers into barracks where they are compelled to work for board and lodging instead of handling their own little holdings for themselves) "enjoy the love of 500 million peasants and have demonstra of the Cities Gone? of Time "made" a personality, when you had to read The New Yorker, when people bought the morning papers at midnight to read Winchell un der the street lamp? The Broadway columnist died when Broadway died, or may be when gossip moved to page one and became events. What did it - the movement to country and suburbs by "the" people because of the city's sheer physical discom fort? Wras it Ihe deluge of af fluence, so that the white-on-white boys with their expense accounts and cigars took over the glamorous places with their talk of money and con tacts and deals? Or was it the simple saturation of concen trated, commercialized imita tion glamor in magazines, press, radio and TV. louder and louder, shriller and shrill er, until the imitation became the real thing because it was the only thing left? Or it could be just me -and middle age. But I think not. because I have asked around among so many friends, including youthful friends, and the echoes they return confirm my suspicion that the queen ant is dead, even though the walls of this termitary remain impermea ble and, indeed, mount even higher. What has happened to New York seems to be what hap pened to San Francisco long ago, what happened to Chi cago when Sandburg and Ilccht and the old Eaily News Stop Mo JENKINS ted their tremendous advan tages in the development of Chinese agricultural produc tion." H mmmmmmm. Watching them pour by th hundreds of thousands out of Communist China into free enterprise Hong Kong-where, even if they can earn only a few Hong Kong dollars (worth 16 cents each) per day and have to live maybe in an aban doned packing box - one wonders. If they are doing so MAR VELOUSLY well and if they are so deeply in love with tha Chinese communist system, WHY ARE THEY GETTING OUT? T ET'S PUT it this way: This Liu Hsiao is a politi cian who is on the inside look ing out. lo his notion Everything is lovely and tha goose hangs (or yangs) high. If he were on the outside look ing in, it would be quite dif ferent. I reckon politicians are tha same the world over. Communications Letters ti the Editor must bear the n.ime and address ot the writer although undei cer tain circumstances the use of a pen name oi initial for publica tion is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit al) letters with an eye to clarification and condensation Letters suhmittea tor publica Uon must not exceed 400 words Thanks To The Editor: I want to thank everyone for the kind remembrances and nice get' well cards during my illness. I am now back in Medford. I am at the Medford nursing home at the present. I would be glad to meet my friendf there any time. Emma Perkins 120 Laurel St. Medford j crowd moved on, what hap ! poned to Los Angeles when Hollywood's spirit was brok 'en, financially and otherwise. New York, too. can become "a cluster of suburbs in search of a city." I very much doubt that the new civic or cultural centers, Grecian and gleam- ; ing though they are, will re jstore the mystique, whether j in Los Angeles. New York op : San Francisco. They are much i loo much like monumental, antiseptic real estate devel ! opments. They are the stuff of j picture postcards end adver ; tising copy, not of writing and art. j ... I had thought it was tha war and that alone which dis- sipated Ihe essence of Vienna. I But maybe not. Maybe, in our speeding lime, cily-essences, like innocence or fashions, simply possess a much short er !ifr-sp;in than they used j to rnjny. Perhaps it Is not really death al all. but a proc 1 ess of metamorphosis the qtircn is going through, and we will (eel l-er life-force 1 again, act and think to the di j rections of quite different wave lengths. It could be that 'city-souls are to be reborn, with new forces as strange and different as the new forms already apparent in tha casing of the hives. ; If this is not ordained, then - dark thought - city-souls arc cone forever, and some of us are going to miss them. (Distributed 1 362 by The j Hall Syndicate. Inc.) I (All Rights Reserved)