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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 6, 1962)
9 g THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER t. 1962 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON Book Sparks Debate On Use of Chemical Sprays . By LOUIS CASSELS - United Pw International Washington - (UPB - Is man poisoning his own environ ment by waging chemical warfare against plant and in sect pests? That question would have been dismissed as abrurd 20 years ago. Today it is being seriously debated by scientists and government officials. It has been made televant, if not urgent, by a far-reaching change in the methods by which man carries on his age old struggle against hugs and weeds. Before World War II. chem ical poisons played a relative ly minor role in this battle. Then came DDT, which was credited with saving 5 million lives during the war by con trolling insect-borne diseases. After the war, laboratories began turning out a whole arsenal of chemical pesticides -2,4-D, Malathion, Dieldrin and hundreds of others. Farmers, foresters, public health agencies, housewives and home gardeners took up the new weapons with enthus iasm. Production of pesticides became a major U.S. indus try, with annual sales total ling $300 million. Last year, about one billion pounds of chemical poisons were spray ed over America's farms, for ests ai.d gardens. The services which pesti cides perform, in raising out put of food and fiber and pro tecting public health, have been frequently extolled. But some biological scientists have come to look upon the mount' ing use of chemical poisons as Round-Up Parade Slated Saturday Pendleton The 1062 Pen dleton Round-Up will get under way Saturday, Sept. B, with the parade through the town ending at the stadium for final judging. Floats will compete for trophies in civic, commercial and industrial divisions. Queens and their courts from throughout the Columbia ba sin will be in the queen'3 sec tion, and mounted groups from riding clubs in the area will add color to the parade. Grand marshal will be Dr. Earl Cochran, veteran driver of the mule train In the an nual "Westward Ho!" parade who retired this year. Entertainment will be fur nished in the stadium arena by the Main Street Cowboys. Other entertainers will be the Athena Falcons Drum and Bugle corps and McEwen Scot tics, also from Athena. Following the judging of the parade floats, Miss Rodeo Oregon will be selected to suc ceed Miss Jan Boomer, Miss Rodeo Oregon last year. Winding up the evening's festivities will be the annunl Cowboy shuffle In the Happy Canyon pavilion. The Round-Up will be held from Sept. 12 through 15 a menace - to wildlife, to the balance of nature and to man himself. New Book Their viewpoint is drama tically expressed in a new book, "Silent Spring," by Ra chel Carson, author of , the 19S1 best-seller, "The Sea Around Us." Portions of Miss Carson's slashing attack on pesticides were published by the New Yorker magazine in June. The entire book will be published in October by the Houghton Mifflin company. On the basis of the furor it already has raised, "Silent Spring" seems likely to rank as the most controversial book of 1962. The National Agricultural Chemicals association, speak ing for the pesticides industry, has denounced it as "one sided" and unfair. The Ameri can Chemical society has pro tested that Miss Carson's warnings are "strongly flavor ed with sensationalism." But the Audubon Society of Naturalists and the Wildlife Federation of America have hailed "Silent Spring" as a sober and well documented 1 report on pesticide perils. Catastrophic Losses Miss Carson, trained marine biologist who was formerly on the staff of the U.S. Fis'" and Wildlife service, says whole sale use of chemical poisons u causing "severe, and in some cases, catastrophic losses of wildlife. She recounts t lie slaughter of robins and other birds that has resulted, she says, from mass spraying of trees to con trol such pests as the gypsy moth and Dutch elm beetles. She cites instances in which other pesticide programs have proven disastrous to fish, rab bits, squirrels, game birds and even farm cats over large areas of America. But her main concern is for human beings. Man, she says, is rapidly poisoning his own environment. He is polluting his streams, his food supply and even the air he breathes with deadly poisons which, absorbed in minute quantities over a lifetime, may have in calculably harmful effects on his health and his progeny. She says some pesticides now in use are carcinogens -chemicals capable of causing cancer. She calls attention to their demonstrated genetic ef fect on lower forms of life and asks why man should as-1 sume his own species to be immune. Finally, she charges that chemical control of pests has been vastly overrated in ef fectiveness. Wholesale use of man-made poisons upsets the delicate "balance of nature," she contends and, by destroy ing natural checks, sometimes results In making insect pests more numerous and trouble some than before. Miss Carson argues that far belter results can be obtained against insect and plant pests, with far less danger, by em ploying "biological controls," the use of nature's own weap ons, as in the introduction of a natural predator to check an I example Is the widespread use I Japanese beetles. insect Infestation. A classic of milky spore disease to curb She does not advocate com- 4 ... . - - .- , . , v i: x V9 " 4 i l-HiSH UeMleaa4etaeS4 AERIAL SPRAYING Scientists and gov ernment officials are seriously debating if man is poisoning his own environment by. waging chemical warfare against plant and Insect pests. This photo supplied by the U. S. department of agriculture shows a plane spraying for spruce budworm control in the Boise national forest. (UPI) Welfare Department Pays for Returning Case to His State Salem - WPH - The Slate Public Welfare Department for more than a year hns been paying the cost of sending welfare cases back to states where there is a legal resi dence. In most cases the peo ple returned have sought wel fare payments in Oregon but were refused because they have not lived here long enough. Welfare Administrator An drew Juras said that some 174 cases have been sent home since July 1061. Buses were Used for travel In 04 cases, trains in 41 and planes in 311. The number of cases, he said, is not the actual num ber of people involved since a case often is a family unit or two or more persons. Other slates also send cases back to Oregon. Juras said his agency tries to use the most economical method of returning the wel fare cases to their homes. Four Fly East In a recent case, he said, four persons were sent to New York by air. Involved Were three children aged 2, 3 and 14 whose father had been sentenced to the State Peni tentiary. The youngsters were placed in the custody of a county welfare commission by a juv enile court. The children's aunt, a crip pled woman living In New York, volunteered to take them to their former home in New York and paid her way to come for them. Because she had only one leg and because of the ages of the younger children It was decided to send the four home by air. The commission ques tioned if, the woman could Costs Involved In Private and Common Carriers To Be Told By JESSE BOGUE UPI Financial Editor New York -WPII- The con tinuing debate whether a com pany with goods to ship should use its own trucks or common carrier truck lines and railroads will get some fresh ammunition for all par tics late next month in a Mid western conference. Several hundred represent atives of such differing and often warring groups as the Teamsters' union, major rail roads and some of the nation's biggest intercity truck lines will gather at the Transporta tion center at Northwestern university in Evanston. They will hear results of a survey made by a team of university researchers who and must provide managerial time and effort; and that quite often they do not know or dis cover too late what are their real costs. Common carriers also say some companies fail to put a proper valuf- on the return from their investment in a private carrier service; that more money could be made by investment elsewhere. They argue that some prac tices of private carriers are illegal, particularly back hauls. If a company truck which has moved a shipment from City A to City B Is sched uled to return empty, it might be hired out to carry goods of another company on the trip back home. This can be illciMl unless the shipment is eon- n. i , !- spent two years and $125,000, " - -V I products in movement within have handled the youngsters on a long train trip. The welfare commission, Juras said, decided it was more economical to spend the money on the aunt'j one-way trip fare than to use the time of its staff or for another pub lic agency to return the chil dren. Air travel was used In an other case where a 5-year old mentally-deficient boy wiih cerebral palsy was sent home to his mother, who was on welfare In Arkansas. Because an escort was needed, a public health nurse was willing to provide the service If it did not disturb her regular work schedule. Because of this and the mental and physical condition "it- t-nna wno needed a special diet air travel was used. assembling information f industry-wide use. The money was posted by shippers, car riers and labor, who all are affected by the common-vs-private carriage controversy. Questionnaires Mailed a stale. Fisher Attacks Foe's Labor Stand Carl Fisher, Republican candidate for Congress, spoke in his opponent's town Wed nesday and said House Speak er Robert Duncan "walked hand in hand with labor's lobbyists at the State Legis lature and has earned their support." Fisher and Duncan are after the fourth district congres sional seat being vacated by Rep. Edwin R. Durno. Fisher said it was "fitting" that Duncan got AFL-CIO en dorsement and added, "Let me make it clear that I am not attacking him for this nor do I attack those who en dorsed him." He said, "It is my pleasure to point out that I will not re ceive the endorsement of a special interest group of this type and that, if elected, I will continue to consider my self the representative of the people, not just one segment of our complex society." 'umwuiiMmw. L'-i'Lwue plete elimination of chemical pesticides, but says their use should be "reduced to a mini mum" as rapidly as possible. Biological Control Research Dr. Byron T. Shaw, director of the Agricultural Researn service of the U.S. depart ment of agriculture, told UPI that research on biological controls is being pushed and a new laboratory devoted en tirely to this purpose will soon be opened at Columbia, Mo. "I have no doubt that in time we will develop many more types of biological con trol," he said. "But it takes a great deal of painstaking work to develop a specific control for each type of pest, and we cannot shift overnight from chemical to biological meth ods." He said chemical pesticides play an essential role in U.S. agriculture and forestry. "Without them we certainly would not have the quantity or quality of food and fiber which we now enjoy," he said. The same conclusion is con tained in a report published by the National Academy of Sciences, which appointed a committee of experts to study the pesticides controversy. The committee held that chemical pesticides are a ne cessity in modern agriculture and forestry, and that they have helped to bring many serious diseases, such as ma laria and typhus, under con trol. At the same time, it said, the impact of pesticides on wildlife "although not disas trous, is just cause for con cern." It said the worst haz ards result from misuse of pesticides and could be mini mized by carefully restricting spray programs to situations where they really are needed and to the lowest effective ap plication rates. Th U.S. Fish and Wildlife service also has been conduct ing extensive research on pes ticides. Dr. John George, a member of the research team, said field studies show many species of birds, fish and mammals have been hard hit by mass spraying of chemical poisons. "We recognize the need for pesticides," said George, "but we would like very much to see them used selectively, with great care, in ways that present minimum hazards to wildlife. And we would agree that a shift to biological con trols should be encouraged wherever feasible." Pesticide Residues A spokesman for the U.S. Food and Drug administration (FDA) said Miss Carson's book, while perhaps one-sided in neglecting the positive benefits of pestcides, "can serve a very valuable purpose in alerting the public to a serious problem." He said the FDA, charged by law with protecting the purity of the nation's food sup ply, has long been concerned about pesticide residues in food and milk and has issued regulations establishing maxi mum "tolerance" for such residues on foods moving in interstate commerce. When pesticides are used properly in accordance with the regulations and precau tions which manufacturers I print on labels, he said, they need pose no hazard to health Misuse of pesticides, he said. may result in situations such the 19S9 cranberry scare, when FDA warned that some cranberries bearing Illegal residues of the cancer-causing chemical aminotriazole were being put on the market, just before Thanksgiving. Ae for the lonff-ranffp Han. gers cited by Miss Carson - ipsetung me oaiance of na u r e, insidiously poisoning man s own environment and exposing future generations to a nigner incidence of cancer or deformity - most of the government scientist irApr. viewed by UPI declined to of- ler any sweeping judgments. "There's a ereat deal that we simply don't know yet," saia an JrDA official. "We need much more resparrh nn this whole problem," said a Fish and Wildlife Service bi ologist. "Amen to that," said a spokesman for the National Academy of Sciences. The American Chemical so ciety, in an editorial publish ed by its official weekly magazine, urged that the gov ernment "set up an objective panel to evaluate the total available evidence" about pesticides and their effect on man and wildlife. tjucslioimaircs on transpor tation were sent to 10.000 manufacturing companies with headquarters in the ; United States. Special data , was furnished from shippers' surveys by the Bureau of the Census. Franklin M. Krcml, direc tor of the center, turned up figures showing that common carriers increased the number of intercity ton miles hauled by them three times between 1043 and 1058; but their pro portion of ton miles fell from 50 ! per cent in 1043 to 35 14 per cent In 104S). At least 111. 000 companies now have fleets of 10 vehicles or more and about 85 per cent of 12 million motor vehicles in the nation are operated In private carriage. Reasons behind the growth of private carriage include Ihe development of modern high ways and the growth of pro duction techniques which re quire one-story plant layouts of considerable area. This In Kugene - IUPH - Republican : turn hns pushed many Indus- senatorial nominee Sig Unan-; tries to edges of metropolitan der of Portland said Wcdnes-i areas In search of space, but Unander Says U.S. Economy Suffering day that the nation's economy was suffering under the Ken nedy administration. "While Oregon in particular suffers because of the do nothing record of Wayne Morse," Unander said, "the where common carrier facili ties may be hard to find Additionally, companies us ing private carriage argue they feel they can haul their goods for less than the com mon carrier rates filed with nation as a whole is in little j government regulatory groups better shape because of the and that they ran give service fiscal Irresponsibility of the ' tailored to their own sched-so-rallt-d New Frontier." ules He said President Ken-1 Don't Know Costs CKRYSTAL MEATS The House of Personal Service 4rh and Fir Phone 772-7315 aionSoisaresdlb19c Franks sir 39c Pork Steak s:- , 49e Slab Bacon ,b 49e Cube Steaks.., 5-T0 LOCKER SPECIAL Kl.im.ith Fed LOCKER BEEF CUT - WRAPPED - QUICK FROZEN iff Half or Whole lb. 47' ncdy's "economic bralnlrust is leading us up the garden path." Unander spoke at a I luncheon of the Kiwanis Club! of Eugene. But common carriers can argue In return that when a private company sets up its own network it puts itself into the transportation business 25 ibs. 0 ,1" Family Order.... S1298 JO: yfh MAS.22 S 6-1 7-28-39 200-49-78 STAR GAXElCV Bjr CUir K. rULLAN- TAUIUS AM. 21 MAY 21 9-20-31 -til 515MI-88I CIMJM MAY 23 JVNC 22 rJ 5-16-27-KJ 1-72-84-8SI CANCH JULY 2! 2-13-24-35 C-y-tt-A -82-901 uo JULY 24 AUG. 23 l 1-12-23-34 45-67-80-861 vuoo AUG. 2 serf 22 8-19-30-41 T-s 52-57-A8 JH Your Daily Activity Guid JM ' According to Store. To develop message for Friday, read words corresponding to numbers of your Zodioc birth sign. SEPT. 23 OCT. 23 3-14-25-36 M7-59-70 T Buy 31 B 61 From 2 You 32 Of 02 Your 3 Yoj 33 Time oj T.md 4 Capitalize 34 Teicpton 64 Full 5 Gather 35 And c5 Speed 6 Today's 36 Well 06 Ahead 7 Steer 37 Grocious e Lmers 8 Oid 3o Appear 6& Meaning 9 Return 39 For 9And 10 New 40 Fom 70 Financially tl Now's 41 Tom 71 Favor 12 Sell 42 Troubled 72 OeaoV.g 13 Gam 43 Debt 73 Payments 14 Could 44 To 74 Money 1 5 Upon 45 Writ 75 Picturi 16 All 46 Favors 76 Looks 17Your 47For 770eor 18 Clear 48 Chorm 78 Affection 19 Friendship 49 In 79 And 20 To 50 Romance 80 S-gn 21 Faces 5' Before 81 Aggravations 22Th 52 On 62 Loved 23 Travel 53 Over 83 Soool 24 Attention 54 And 84 Things 25 Do 55Aik 85 Finally 26 Your 56 Popularity 86 Contracts 27 The 57 New 87W,t 28 Day 59 Others 88 Today 29 May 59 Yourself 89 Circie 30 Ties 60 Special 90 Ones (Good (Adverse Neur.nl Aft scotmo OCT. 24 y& NOV.22 Vi 4.15.26-37f". 48-56-797 SAGITTAJUUS NOV. 23 OCC 22 7-18.32.i1f 154-63-73 K& CAPRICORN DEC 23 11-22-33-44CH 1.20 Vl( AOUASIUS 10-21-29 38 T H9-62-83-89 'fr. nscu FEB. 20 I,, WAR. 21 'it. 64-65-66-7?; 75-76-77 White, House Check's I Washington-IUPD-The White House is looking into the false warning of impendin;; new earthquakes in Iran by the U.S. Armed Forces Radio in Tehran. 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