MONDAY. AUGUST 20. 1962
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. OREGON
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.BCiro WAR
Lee Proposes Daring Maneuver
By MERTON T. AKERS
UPI Correspondent
The early part of Sunday,
Aug. 24, 1862 was a bad time
tor Stonewall Jackson.
He was having trouble
With discipline in his ranks.
A few days before he had or
dered three deserters shot and
had ordered his whole divis
ion to watch and march by to
view the bodies. Straggling
from the ranks was too com
mon, downright desertion
more than occasional.
Also his commisary was
falling down on the job. The
food was bad even by Confed
erate army standards.
A half dozen officers who
should have known better
were under arrest for burning
a paling fence against Jack
eon's personal orders.
And most disturbing of all,
there were no religious serv
ices that Sabbath, And relig
ious services were as much of
"Old Jack's" life as fighting.
All in all, a day to be lor-Roltcn-that
is, until shortly
after noon.
Then Gen. Robert E. Lee
rode into Jackson's camp at
Jeffersonton, Va., a village
about eight miles south of
Warrenton.
They talked alone for a few
mlmlfna nnrt thpn hnlh the
country where almost exactly
a year before the first battle
of Bull Run (Manassas) had
been fought - the Confeder
acy's first big victory.
Jackson sent his 23,000 In
fantry and 4,000 calvary
marching at dawn Aug. 25.
Boswcll led the way. Knap
sacks were left behind. So
was all the baggage. Only an
ammunition train and a herd
of beef cattle went along.
The men were supposed to
cook three days rations the
night before. Some finished
their cooking, some did not.
Soldier-like, those who had
cooked their food ate it all
then and there.
Through Amissville the col
umn trudged, then Orleans at
noon with the August sun
pouring down and by night
fall Salem (now Marshall)
was Just ahcad-25 miles since
early dawn. The men started
to cheer when they saw Stone
wall standing by a rock. He
signaled for silence. A wan
dering Federal cavalry patrol
might pick up the cheer.
He might as well have
saved his breath. Pope had
known of the movement since
7:19 a.m. but he miscvnluated
il-a column headed for the
Shenandoah Valley, he de
cided, and casually advised
day and Jackson brightened. Washington of the news. Pope
ui l ""! 1-ui.iei- oven estimated the
ence nanaeci io "uia nine
Light" an assignment that
military men still talk about
find historians still puzzle
over.
Daring Decision
II was a daring decision, the
first of several Lee would
make before the Civil War
was over.
He proposed to agHin di
vide his force in the face of a
larger Union army, better
equipped and better fed. The
decision was contrary to the
rule books but Lee was a man
1o make his own rules, fight
ing, as he was, on the defen
Five. The job Lee handed to
lacksnn that Sunday after
noon was simple enough in
concept but highly complicat
ed in execution.
Jackson's Job was to snake
his command around the right
wing of the Union Army of
Virginia, commanded by Maj.
Gen. John Pope, and strike
Pope's supply base and com
munications in the rear. To do
that would put Jackson be
tween Pope and Washington.
Then Lre and Jackson could
pound
rear and crush his armv
The big question was what
Pope would rio while this
flanking movement was being
readied and carried nut. llir,
flrmy. being between Lee and
Jackson, might strike either
with superior forces before
the other could move to aid.
But Lee read his opposition
well - he reasoned that Pope
would baffle easily, flounder,
nd end up defeated.
The blow must be struck
before the Union Army of the
Totomac could arrive In force
from the Peninsula in front of
Itichmond. It had slartrd back
Aug. 14 but it was coming the
long way around via Chesa
peake Bay and the Potomac
and overland. The Army of
the Potomac would swell.
Pope's forces from 45,000 to"
3 25.000.
Could Move Failer
Lee could nu.ve his army
faster from Richmond on in
terior lines by railroad That
was what he was doing but
his army was not all up yet
by Aug. 24.
' Jackson called his rngineer
officer, Capt. J. K Boswcll,
and ordered him (in Boswrll's
words) to select "the most di
rect and covered route to
Manassas." Boswell knew the
country and laid out a loop
ing route north from Jeffer
sonton, then cast through
Thoroughfare Gap In the Bull
I?un Mountains along the
Manassas railroad lo Man
force a i
short of the
20,000, not far
mark.
The gray column slept by
Ihe side of the road. At dawn
they moved through Salem.
There a guide waved them
east.
Jackson, as close mouthed
as usual, had told his men
nothing, but with the turn
they knew for sure now what
they had suspected -that they
were bound to hit Pope's
army In the rear.
Next Hazard
Thoroughfare Gap was the
next hazard - about seven
miles Gray cavalry probed
the cut gingerly. No Federals,
a jubilant courier reported
back. The footsloggers swung
through Ihe pass and now the
going was downhill. Four
more miles and the hamlet of
llaymarket, two more to
Gainesville and the main
pike.
Only a dozen or so Federal
ealvarymen had been seen
and they were gathered in
quickly.
It was coming on to dark
when the column hit Hiistoc
Junction about midnight. De
spite their warning, the Fed
erals soon were overwhelmed
losing eight guns and 300
prisoners.
The loot at the Junction
was enormous and the fam
ished Confederates made the
most of it.
Besides the army depot,
Union sutlers had set up
store. Their oranges, lemons,
pickes, potted ham, lobster
and tongue, cake, catsup,
cigars, cheese and sardines
soon melted away in the
mouths of the Rebels some of
whom had not eaten for two
days. One squad found a bar
rel of whisky.
Most of Aug. 27 was a sat
urnalia of feasting and drink
ing until Jackson poured the
liquor into the streets and or
ganized his men to meet the
fast building pressure from
Federal units now closing in.
A Confederate force left at
Bristoe retreated lo the Junc
tion under attack.
Unable to save many of Ihe
supplies, Jackson ordered the
dump burned.
The Confederates carried
off all they could lug hut it
was only a fraction of the
haul.
By this time Pope was be
ginning to understand that
his predicament might be a
blessing in disguise. He might
be able lo destroy Jackson be
fore help could arrive. He
started his main bodies of
troops toward the Junction.
So Jackson marched his
Iroops that night across the
old Bull Run battlefield and
hid them' behind the embank
ment of an unfinished rail
road.
From there he could watch
Pope's troops and wait for re
inforcements he knew were
on the way along the same
roads he had travelled.
The stage was set for the
second battle of Bull Run
Manassas).
Ktiiliim ,w. lli rt,-,i,t. .t. A l,,v.
Pope from front and ..,... r,,rn!,ri .,.,, ,H.
i crates promptly broke the
line but not soon enough to
forcstal a train escaping north
and another south lo can y the
alarm to Pope that the enemy
was behind his lines.
Bristoe was not much of a
prize hut Jackson learned
there that Manassas Jinn-linn
four miles north was brim
ming with supplies Pope's
main base.
Two regiments hit the
University Receives
Grant for Lecturer
Eugene - The grants com
mittee of Ihe Sperry and
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a Sl.700 grant to the Univer
sity of Oregon to provide for
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The Sperry and Hutchinson
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The award to the University
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The grant will provide for
a high government official in
the field of economics to spend
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soring as a lecturer on eco
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leader of graduate seminars
on taxation and fiscal policy
and on economic growth and
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GETS ASSIGNMENT On Aug. 24, 1862,
Gen. R. E. Lee rode into Gen. Stonewall
Jackson's camp at Jeffersonton, Va.. and
handed him an assignment that would
cause military men to talk and historians
to puzzle. Lee made a daring decision
he would divide his forces in the face of a
large Union army, better equipped and
better fed. Jackson's job was to snake his
command around the right wing of General
Pope's army of Virginia and strike Pope's
supply base and communciations in the rear.
Lee would then strike from the front and
the two Confcrcrate forces might well crush
the Union army. On Aug. 25 Jackson and
his men moved out. North to Amissville
the column trudged, then on to Orleans,
and by nightfall they were in Salem. They
had moved 25 miles since dawn. The next
morning his force passed through White
Plains, the Thoroughfare Gap and past
Gainsville. It was nearly dark when they
hit Bristoe Station and cut the Orange and
Alexandria railroad. About midnight the
Confcrerates struck Manassas Junction,
Pope's main base that was brimming with
supplies. The loot at the junction was
enormous and the famished Confederates
made the most of it. But the Federal units
began to close in. The Confederates took
what supplies they could, and burned much
of the rest. General Jackson and his forces
retreated across the old Bull Run battlefield
and hid there behind the embankment of
an unfinished road. From there he could
watch the movement of Pope's army and
the reinforcements that were joining it.
The stage was set for the second battle of
Bull Run. This may, from the U. S. Depart
ment of Interior, shows Jackson's route
from Jeffersonton lo Manassas. (UPI)
ISSUE TAX REPORT
Washington UPD The Cen
sus Bureau reported Sunday
that state and local govern
ments collected about one
third of all taxes last year,
continuing an upward trend
that started after World War i NOTHING FISHY HERE
II. Non-federal agencies re
ceived $38.7 billion in taxes
during 1961. Federal tax col
lections also have increased
but they have not risen as
fast as state and local collec
tions since 1945.
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