4
KHFtfU&TRIBUNI
""Ereryonc rin SoutheriTbrVaon-
RcaiU TheMal Tribune
Published Daily except Saturday by
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" HOBKUT W RUHL. Editor
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ni ivp. ; I'ARCHKR. Women-! Editor
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March 3. 18!i7
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teaman
Flight o' Time
Medford nd Jackson County
History from the tiles of The
Mail Tribune 10, 20, 30, 40
and 50 years ago.
10 YEARS AGO
July 11, 1952 (Friday)
Col. Charles E. Stafford,
Jackson county civil defense
director, prepares local plans
for "Operation Skywatch," a
nation-wide alert.
City water commission an
nounces that there will be no
water rationing in Medford
this year; the amount of wa
ter brought into the city reser
voirs is nearly twice the
amount brought in last sum
mer.. 20 YEARS AGO
July 11, 1942 (Saturday)
Florence Rice, Hollywood
film star, buys ranch in val
ley known as the Riverside
Orchard, which includes
about 103 acres.
Local serviceman writes
from Iceland: "The women of
Iceland are very beautiful, the
men are tall and husky and
the children are big-bonea
and healthy. They are gener
ally blonde and red-haired.
Without exception they are
red-checked."
30 YEARS AGO
July 11, 1932 (Monday)
A $880,000 deal Involving
6.000 acres of diversified gold
bearing properties located
principally on Grave creek
in Josephine county, has been
completed in Grants Pass.
Three - year - old panther
visits Mail Tribune office on
heavy chain; in Medford in
conjuction with the showing
of "Cougar" at a local theater.
40 YEARS AGO
July 11, 1922 (Tuesday)
From "Local and Personal"
column: "The fruit and fresh
vegetable stand In the front
of the Liberty theatre build
ing has ceased operation."
Fire of unknown origin de
stroys garage, two woodsheds
and chicken house before
bronchi under control; two
chickens were badly burned
although they were still about
to run around when the fire
had been extinguished.
SO YEARS AGO
July 11, 1912 (Thursday)
Seven teams sent to Huz-
rnrd mine on the headquarters'
of Klk crock to transport
largo umnunt of ore to Central
Point where it will be ship
ppi! to n California smelter.
V'ha'i's Ycur I.Q.7
Nine or ten correct it luperlor;
tcven or eight ii etcellcnt; fivt or
lit it good.
1. About whom did Bruce
Barton write "The Man No
body Knows"?
2. Are Yosomite Falls In
Wyoming, Colorado, or Cali-
lonnn
3. Did Lewis and Clark ex-1
linn the West Coast?
4. now far does the North
American Continental Divide
5. Can salt water be frozen? !
(i. The source of the poison
that Socrates was condemned
to drink Is supposed to have
been what?
7. In what sport is the
,lie :
;
term slalom used"
8. How many ciphers m
be added to the figure one to
rT7ripcu 2bu.nrdnfroml
cattle, swine, or poultry?
10. In what town did John '
Brown's Insurrection take
!
Answers: l. Ju. 2. Call- j
forma. 3. No. 4. Arctic
io Colombia bord.r, s Y.f. 6.
f-Inmlrr-L7CtlllnllKnt(f.
10! Harperi
eon. 9. Cattle.
T-rry, Maryland.
WEDNESDAY. JULY 11, 1962
Some Plain Talk
Oregon is in trouble, deep financial trouble.
Oh, it isn't anything we can't dig our way out of.
But unless we dig, really dig, we'll be in an al
most impossible jam three years from now. What
we need is leadership in the governor's chair
and in the Legislature to help pull us out of
the mess.
At the root of the problem has been unwilling
ness of state officials ever since the war to spend
a nickel more than was absolutely necessary.
Thus state nroorams have been held to a mini
mum level or, at best, have not fully met the needs
of the time. Couple this with the natural unwill
ingness of politicians to raise taxes.
HTHE last Legislature was lucky. It had a $33
million surplus to work with. In figuring the
current budget, it treated that surplus as income.
Thus $33 million that otherwise would have had
to be raised from taxes did not have to be raised.
The next Legislature
surplus a year from now,
period, will be only halt
we improve nothing, even if costs do not rise,
even if the level of prosperity and income tax
collections remains at its present level, we shall
have to scrape up $321; million from somewhere.
Nor is the problem that simple. The Legisla
ture will be faced with a built-in increase of $10
million in basic school support money. So now
figure that the state must raise $421. million that
it didn't need to raise last time. This is true, re
member, even if we don't do a better job than
we did last time, even if we don t take into con
sideration such things as growth.
fF COURSE, we must consider those things,
too. Higher education, one of the first of the
state agencies to come forward with an estimate
of its 1963-1965 needs, says it ought to have $90
million for its general operating budget. It has
about $69 million this time. That's an increase
of $21 million. Added to the $42. million, that
makes $63 million extra dollars that the state
needs.
A community college program is in the works,
at the bidding of the last Legislature. Welfare
has been in trouble with a very tight budget. The
state institutions in the Salem area will have to
accommodate more people than they are taking
care of now. Add all that.
TTHE needs listed here
Legislature will hear
ones that come immediately to mind. There will
be many more.
Admittedly, this isn't
important. Our choice is
raise taxes or we must abandon the present level
or services and settle ror
we have grown accustomed to. Unless we raise
taxes, we shall certainly not improve anything,
even to the point of providing for an increase in
population.
Which are we going to do, raise taxes or cut
services? If we raise taxes, how? It we cut serv
ices, which services? Specifically, please, which
services?
TTIESE are the questions that Oregon citizens
must ask again and again between now and
November 6. The candidates for governor, Hat
field and Thornton should be asked these ques
tions. So should the candidates for Legislature,
18 of them in Lane County. The answers we get
should be specific.
Just because this is an election year is no
reason to try to sweet-talk our way into some
fool's paradise. Indeed, because it is an election
year, it is, most important that we call dollars
dollars, children children, and taxes taxes. Eu
gene Register-Guard.
Clues From
President Kennedy recently said that the pur
pose of the military build-up of Communist forces
along the Fllkk'll Coast
occupied islands of Quemoy and Matsu was "not
clear. American oflicials undoubtedly hope to
Set some clarification Thursday when the !
,;, ,.!,! t-ill.- ll,,tn-n, til,, l!.n'l.l i.lt,c ?r,,ll
China is held in Warsaw.
Actually most observers believe the Commu
nist troop movements are largely defensive in na
ture. President Kennedy and other U.S. officials
cannot be totally candid in acknowledging this
hypothesis because it would suggest that Nation
alist leader Chiang Kai-shek is about to "unleash"
himself.
j hastily-failed meeting with Communist Am-
U10 U. AlllDassatlOr
c'abot, denied the United States was backing any j
Nationalist plans to invade Kod China. ' '
it I'L'inr'V'n i- i
LIf,OU'i:,. 1 MMUlCliy
i,,,citl,,i, v,K.,!f 1,
J '(f.K ((Ml 11, 1 1,1
(Uient assurance that the
posed to the use of force in this area (the Taiwan i
Strait)," that "the power arrangements in this i
area
ue defensive, and
V'"'"' Pjodo not to take. forceful action against
the mainland without United States consent "still
governs.''
..i...i.
The nervous Peking
t-'ilc the President's statement at face value. Put
if Red China continues to build up military force
jn j.'ukjen province the
.'
inspect that the Communists are harboring a:
Igressive not defensive
won't be so lucky. The
at the end of the budget
a million, bo, even it
are not all the needs the
about. They are just the
very pleasant. But it's
clear. We must either
substantially Jess than
Warsaw
opposite tile NatioiUllist-
10 I Olailtl, .101111 iMOOl'S
. i 1 1. it . i ,
matlC Ulf UlllieU MaiOS
i, (.,,,.,-,,. I,, I,,.. ..,,1,...,
(( I 1 ,1 , Jll 111. rilUl-:
United States is "on-i
that Nationalist China's S
e . . . J
regime is not likely to
West will have reason hi
deigns.
"Sugar In The Mornin'
Sugar In The
In the Day's News
By FRANK JENKINS
We finally touched off our
high altitude nuclear shot.
What happened?
Witnessess in Honolulu, 750
miles away, said the sky light
ed up in a marine green color
from horizon to horizon when
the blast occurred. After the
initial green flash, the sky
glowed red, Uien gradually
faded to a sunset pink, which
lasted about seven minutes
after the blast.
One witness reported: "Aft
er the blast, 1 seemed to feel
something on my teeth, and
there was a SMELL OF
OZONE in the air."
HAT'S ozone?
a bluish gas. Every
flash of lightning converts
some of the oxygen in the air
into ozone. A thought: Do you
reckon Ben Franklin smclled
ozone that eventful day
couple of centuries ago when
he flew his kite in a storm
and brought down electricity
from the sky?
Another thought:
Ben's kite-flying adventure
brought great changes to the
world - nearly all of them
changes for the better. Let's
hope the big shot out in the
Pacific will have similar re
sults. IN Lausanne, Switzerland,
Mrs. Oona O'Neill Chaplin
presented her husband with
their eighth child In 18 years,
She is the daughter of the late
great playwright, Eugene
O'Neill.
Who is her husband?
He is Charley Chaplin. A
decade or so ago, nearly every
person in the world knew
about Charley Chaplin. It Just
could be that many teen-agers
of today never heard of him.
Such is fame.
EIGHT children in 18 years
is quite a record in these
days.
It was different in older
centuries. Back in the 1200's,
Queen Eleanor presented her
husband, Edward I, known in
English history as Long
shanks, with 17 children, all
but four of them daughters.
The 17 came along in a period
of about two decades.
Edward I is rather gener
ally known as England's
greatest king. His grandfather
John, who was forced by the
barons to sign the Magna
Charta, is universally known
as England's worst king. His
father, Henry III, wasn't
much better. His son. Henry
IV, was ONE of England's
worst kings Our mother
try had plenty of good-for-
nothing rulers, along with a
reasonable quota of greats.
ELECTING rulers, you see.
is no more dangerous than
getting rulers by hereditary
succession
CPEAKING of rulers, tragic
Algeria has had her share
of the evil ones and the In
competents. She's still phiy-
ing in hard luck. There arc i
the feuding Dens nt this mo.
ment in history, for example
Youssef Hen Khcdda is pre
mier - nt least, he is premier
at the hour this is written.
Mohammed Ben Bella is vice
premier and wants to be pre
mier. At this distance
it looks;
j like Algeria ha had trouble
I ni,iit.h in (li iv, ut vv.it), lit
adding a dynastic struggle
now ,lK,t shc is a M,V11''"
s,nk'- .
IV HAT of the Hen.,"
111 ..ii 'i,
,,f Hebrew ori
"sun nf "
meaning
)o viRm!!' Aftr?-11
V Vtu Hy,Cw;
Trt N ATfl Rrtmhorc
iw imiw vvuiwtru
Bonn - 'in1 - Prosi dent
Charles de Gaulle of France
has agreed that French bomb
ers aliened to NATO may
carry lT S. nuclear bombs and
head for targets selected by
NATO, it was learned today.
Four of the (ive fighter
bomber wings Franco has as
signed to N.MUs 4th Allie.1
Tactical Air Force are based ,
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Sugar In The Evenin'
Summertime "
Communications
Letten to the Editor must
bear the name and address of
the writer although undei cer
tain circumstances the use ot
pen name ui initial for publica
tion Is permissible. The Mail
Tribune reserves the right to
edit all letters with an eye to
clarification and condensation
Letters submitted for publica
tion must not exceed 4O0 words
Running Scared
To the Editor: The state
ments made by Gov. Mark
Hatfield and Howard Appling
about Attorney General Rob
ert Y. Thornton at Bend rec
ently, are symtomatic of can
didates who are running
scared. Hatfield's remark that
Thornton is incompetent is
not supported by the facts.
The many legal decisions
which have eminated from
his office have had an. ex
tremely high degree of accord
with the supreme court. The
record is clear on this. Any
statements to the contrary are
simply well-planned corrup
tions of the truth.
The statement of Howell
Appling which compared Rob
ert Y. Thornton to Billy Sol
Estes is not just plain de
plorable, it is inexcusable,
and bellicose. These two Re
publicans have stripped them
selves bare of any decorum
and dignity, which would or
dinarily attend the office of
Governor and Secretary of
State. There is already evi
dence that this type of be
havior which resorts to low
invective has caused a great
many Republicans to lose re
spect for them. Such tactics,
if I were on Mark Hatfield's
or Appling's campaign com
mittee, would very well cause
me to terminate my services.
The American people still
admire a sense of fair play
in a contest, and at least a
nodding acquaintance with the
truth. One of the truths which
emerge from the contest is
this: Travis Cross under a
phony title is really a full
time campaign manager for
Mark Hatfield, with heavy
emolument at the tax-payers
expense. At the same time,
Appling's underlings must do
his work while he is engaged
in a fight for survival. The
slogan "High Tax Holmes",
made Hatfield governor but
was false. Accordingly, a slo
gan now should be "Very
High Tax Hatfield," for he
has failed to live up to his
campaign promises of econo
my in government, tax reduc
tion, and bi-partisanship.
When the Oregon voters go
to the polls in November they
will be fully aware of a strong
need for leadership, and re-
cstablishment of Democratic
coun-!Kovcrnmcnt for thp
Elizabeth Poston
PR I.ozier lane
Medford
A Moral Principle
To t lie Editor: Concerning
G.H.B's editorial promoting
euthanasia. He is drawing a
conclusion from Dr. Rynear
son's remarks that was never
intended. There is no bridge
between permitting a person
to die naturally and killing
that person. And there never
can he. Before that bridge is
constructed, the world will
have forgotten who Cod is
and what man is. Whether
you insert a tiny drop of air
into a victim's veins or bang
him over the head with a
shovel it's still murder, al
though one way is genteel
while the other is messy.
Euthanasia has its attrac
tive side. When we think of
incurably ill and mentally
hopeless cases, wouldn't it be
t.n,,r for these cases to slip
quietly away. Perhaps, but a
moral principle is involved.
To compromise a moral prin
ciple for a temporary advant
age is a little like reaching for
lilv pads In the i,uicks.md.
Hone Hull
7 Eastwood dr.
Meriiird
in France. The fifth is located
in West Germany.
Po Gaulle soil refuses to
permit t' S. nuclear bomhois
to bo stationed in France or
to fly from French .ises un
less he is given a xclo oer
their employment.
Haya de la Torre Again Is Center of
Storm in Peruvian Political Crisis
By PHIL NEWSOM
UPI Foreign Newt Analyst
The situation was nothing
new for Dr. Victor Raul Haya
de la Torre, a hawk-nosed,
burly man
who for 40
f fi years has been
t'iA a storm cen
ter of Peruvi
an politics. In
1931, he ran
for president
J in Peru
and,
a c c ording to
his followers,
gained the
N'ewiom
greatest number of votes. But
Luis Sanchez Cerro, a mili
tary man, was declared the
winner.
trictly
Personal
By Sydney J. Harris
tc Field Enterprises Inc.
USING ODDS AND ENDS
A press release from a New
York book publisher floated
across my desk the other
day, posing a
ffvf" question I
can.t imagine
If , H anyone would
J want to ask.
The release
r began: "Why
"1 not use the
- scraps and
J odds - and -
narit the house to
make practical and pretty ob
jects like a fruit bowl from an
old record, a colorful jewelry
chest from an old cigar box,
or hot plates from milk-bottle
caps and pieces of yarn?"
You can learn to do all this,
it went on, if you buy a book
called "Creating From Scrap"
by Lillian and Godfrey Frank
el, S2.50 in a hard cover.
My instant reaction was
"Doesn't everyone?" Who
needs a book for all this? If
my own extensive domestic
experience is at all typical,
the average American family
has been creating from scrap
from the day the wedding
presents began to tarnish or
crack.
Especially with little chil
dren in the house, practi
cally everything is created
from scrap. The buttons are
in an old lea tin; the cera
mic ash-trays have long
been broken, to be replaced
by the plastic topi of ice
cream jars; and the cookies
are cunningly concealed in
a humidor.
True, we have never
made a fruit bowl from an
old record (although this
is my hearty recommenda
tion for every "Sing Along
With Mitch" record), but
the children have done
some other startling jobs
of functional conversion
like turning golf-bags into
barracks for toy soldiers,
and transforming Daddy's
study into an Indian camp,
complete with tepee, arrow
heads and smoke signals.
Have Lillian and Godfrey
Frankel ever turned a chafing-dish
into a repository
for nipples? Or converted a
brand-new tennis-press into
a cleaver little door-stopper
for the basement? Or taken
a costume-jewelry box from
Mark Cross, pasting it with
colored paper, and filling it
with water to hold snails?
Maybe they can make hot
plates out of milk-bottle caps
and pieces of yarn - who
needs it? - but I'll bet they
haven't figured out (as Mich
ael has) that nine bottles of
liquid from the medicine cab
inet can be blended in a
punch-bowl of cut-glass and
you have a first-class chemi
cal laboratory - especially if
von find a dead fish to throw
i ill.
1 Creating from scrap? This
1 is the basic hobby of the fami-
ly. Everything is used for
(Something else, no matter
j what the manufacturers' in
j struotions say. If we bought
the book, what could we do
witli it except rip out the
pages and use the covers as
. a "colorful jewelry chest?"
i
Deals Start To
Relocate Boardman
Sairm t?I' - The Oregon
Land Board has initiated pro- j
crodirus for a land cxchanKf j
with tiu U S. Bureau of Land j
M-mafiement to help provide I
for relocating the city of 1
Boardman.
T!:e pi t ent site will be. ,
flooded when John Day dam
is completed.
The slate will acquire a i
tract nearby and transfer it ;
to the city.
T. M. Tyre!!, aclme direc
tor f "r the BIM in Orecon.
said the PLM had no author
ity to deal ri;rect:y with the
city under one federal law,
and the delay involved in an
other wou'd be an unsatisfac
tory meth.-d for the city to
acquii the
In the current political
crisis in Peru, he again is
the storm center.
Returns from the June 10
elections gave Haya de la
Torre a slim margin over his
two principal opponents, Fer
nando Belaunde Terry and
Gen. Manuel A. Odria, who
served as president from 1948
to 1956.
Congress To Decide
Since no candidate received
a third of the votes cast, the
decision now must be made
by the Peruvian Congress, se
lecting one from among the
three leaders.
Opposition to Haya de la
Torre springs from an unlike
ly combination of right and
left.
On the right is the army.
"Even if Haya de la Torre
Republicans Have Big
On Hands;
By LYLE C. WILSON
United Press International
Washington - (UPD - The Re
publicans have another angry
ruckus on their hands be-
m cause former
f I 4 President Ei
k" ij senhower
"i seems to be
til J 4 pulling the
HI (jt r.ra rug from un-
4 'J der the Re
P''t,1c'i1 publican Con
& 'l g r e s s i o n al
?jV ' i 1 e a d e r ship-
-11 ?"u a inis iuur place
Wilson Qt
publican conference of party
leaders on June 30 at Eisen
hower's Gettysburg farm. Ike
was first up to speak. He said
that he had been doing some
reading lately and identified
his reading matter as a per
iodical named Advance.
Advance is published five
times a year in Cambridge,
Mass., by a group of young
men led by publisher Bruce
K. Chapman. The magazine
describes itself as a journal
of political thought.
Magazine Praised
Eisenhower told the Re
publicans that Advance had
the right ideas. Ike said it was
possible that publisher Chap
man was among the assembled
party leaders. Sure enough,
Chapman was and he stood
up. Ike said everybody should
subscribe to Chapman's maga
zine. He proposed that the
Republicans approach Chap
man during the conference
and get on the mailing list.
It Is reported that House
Minority Leader Charles A.
Halleck (R-Ind), required re
straint by calmer counsel
when Eisenhower endorsed
Advance. Halleck was angry
because the latest issue
(March) of Advance contains
a free-swinging attack on Hal
leck and other Congressional
Republican leaders, notably
Senate Minority der Ev
erett Dirksen (R-Ill.) and Sen.
Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.)
The March issue of Advance
was devoted to "the Repub
licans on Capitol Hill." The
magazine descri' ed the House
Republican leadership as re
luctant, lazy or hostile in mat
ters of responsibility to the
well-being of the nation and
the Republican Party. It at
tributed to several of Hal
leck's Republican colleagues
the statement that: Halleck
hasn't read a serious book in
10 years and is suspicious
of those who have.
Halleck Lambasted
"Republicans of all views,"
the magazine related, "feel
they are being less led by
Halleck than presided over;
that the only attempt at ham
mering anything out comes
not in policy but in the strat
egy of obstruction.''
The young editors of Ad
vance discovered Goldwater
to be a bumbling chairman of
the Senate Republican cam
paign committee. They called
him disqualified for the chair
manship, adding that "Gold
water's liabilities in his cam
paign committee position
seem to us overwhelming,"
Dirksen and Halleck are
regular Republican television
spokesmen on what has come
to be known as "The Ev and
Charley Show." Advance rat
ed the show as valued for
liitle more than comic relief
and as evidence of Republi
can intellectual pauperism.
Mafson To Add
Modernized Vessel
S.in Frnnciscn - iTPP - Mat.
son Lines announced Tuesday !
it plans to put two of its
freighters in mothballs and
add a modernized cargo ves
sel to its Hawaiian service. .
Matson said the Hawaiian
Tourist, a Victory ship, and
the C-2 freighter Hawaiian !
Pilot were being laid up. j
The shipping firm current
ly is negotiating with the Fed- i
oral Maritime administration !
for purchase of the former i
Coastwise Lino C-4 Coast
Progress, a 12.B00-ton ship
for v&ich iatson was the so'
bidder. I
is elected, he never will sit
in the presidential palace," re
marked one general two
months before the elections
ever were held.
The army has brought
charges of fraud against Haya
de la Torre's American Popu
lar Revolutionary Alliance
and has demanded he with
draw from the race.
On the left are the Castro
ites and Marxists who polled
only 40.000 votes but who be
lieve the three-way tie en
hanced their cause. They hope
for a weak government whose
internal dissention might pro
mote their hopes for revolu
tion. Belaunde Favored
Forced to make a choice,
they probably would select
Fernando Belaunde.
They believe that under
Ike Pulling O
A fair question: Did Ike
actually read the magazine
or did he succumb to a snow
job by John L. Loeb Jr. of
New York, a financial backer
Today & Tomorrow
By Walter Lippmann
(cl New York Herald Tribune Syndicate
ATLANTIC PARTNERSHIP
Although the Atlantic part
nership, of which the Presi
dent spoke on the Fourth of
July, is a pro
posal for the
future, its
roots are in
the original
and enduring
c o n n e c -tion
between
the Old World
and the New.
Since the age
of the discov
erers and explorers nearly
five centuries ago, Europe
and the Americas have been
one great community, separ
ated yet united by the Atlan
tic ocean. The Americans
tic ocean. The Americas
were occupied and settled by
Europeans who transplanted
to the New World their reli
gions, their culture, their jur
isprudence, and their econ
omy. WITHIN this great commun
ity there have been con
tinual rivalry, for power and
for wealth, and a long series
of civil wars, wars of inde
pendence and wars of hege
mony. But through it all the
community has remained: the
proof being that in the great
wars for the domination of
Europe the Americans, par
ticularly the North Ameri
cans, have always been
drawn, willy-nilly, into the
fighting. For a state which is
by its history and geography
a member of the Atlantic com
munity, isolation from the vi
tal interests of the community
is impossible. The same has
never been true for, let us
say, China or India. They are
not members of the Atlantic
community and for them iso
lation from its affairs, though
increasingly difficult in this
increasingly i n t e r r e 1 a ted
world, is not wholly impos
sible. Since the United States
emerged as an independent
power in the New World the
wisest statesmen on both
sides of the ocean have known
this. Jefferson, Madison, John
Quincy Adams on this side.
Canning on the other, knew
it. The disastrous men. the
Kaiser and Hitler, did not
know it. They refused to be
lieve that the Atlantic com
munity is a reality, and they
took the road to ruin in the
f o nd belief that the New
World would not come in to
redress the balance of the
Old.
THERE has always been
doubt about what to call
the trans-Atlantic connection.
It is certainly not now a poli
tical union. It is a collection
of sovereign states. Although
there is NATO, the Atlantic
community is broader than
the alliance. For many indu
bitable Atlantic states, as for
example Sweden and Eire
and Brazil, do not belong to
NATO. It is not an associa
tion. For while there are as j
sociations within the Atlantic j
community, such as the Eur j
pean Economic Community I
and the Organization of i
American States, none in-1
elude all the Atlantic stales1
and some, such as the British '
Commonwealth and the
French Community, include :
members which are not At-1
lantic at all. Hence there is a !
fairly general agreement that ;
to speak of the Atlantic com-,
munity is the least inaccurate 1
way to speak of it in that the ,
name indicates a human con-,
nection without specifying
juridicial and institutional ar
rangements that do not now
exist. I
Ther ' ( .t.i',t):-y
vaguem tbout Vinlc
Llppmano
Belaunde there would be less
chance of harsh repressive
measures toward them and
that he would withhold the
government support that now
exists for APRA's hold on the
Peruvian labor movement
which they seek to take over.
With the army against him,
there seems little likelihood
that Haya de la Torre can
take over.
In 1948, he seemed on his
way to power but was balked
by a coup led by one of his
present rivals, General Odria.
Haya de la Torre took
refuge in the Colombian em
bassy and remained in it for
five years. In 1954. he was al
lowed to leave the country
and to return again in 195(1
when President Manuel P'rado
took over and made the APRA,
party legal.
of Advance?
Another question: How
does Ike plan to oust the lead
ers and who are his candi
dates to succeed them?
sovereign state, it does not
have to have sharp frontiers,
and in the marginal regions,
particularly in Central and
Eastern Europe, it is not ne
cessary to pronounce on who
is and who is not a member.
CINCE the Second World
War, which was an intol
erable civil war in Europe, a
movement has been under
way to construct institutions
on the foundation of the At
lantic community. The most
promising of these institutions
is t h e European Economic
Community and the European
Union which is to be built up
on it. With the admission of
the United Kingdom and
eventually of some other Eu
ropean states, this will he the
nucleus of that "turope" with
which the U.S.A. is to form
a partnership.
THERE are two different
ways of going about it.
One is to suppose, quite er
roneously, I think, that tha
United States of Europe and
the trans-Atlantic partnership
can be constructed on the an
alogy of our own Federal con
stitutional union. That would
mean calling a convention (as
at Philadelphia in 1787) to
draft a constitution for an At
lantic union. It would not, I
believe, work. The American
states had always been mem
bers of a union of the sover
eignty of the English kings.
There is no comparable con
nection among the Atlantic
states. Either the convention
would put out empty general
ities or it would end in dis
agreement. It would have fail
ed from what might be call
ed the fallacy of the blue
print, which is to be too spe
cific too soon.
THE OTHER way to go
about it is to decide to
act as partners without draw
ing up articles of partnership,
and as partners to tackle tha
concrete problems of the At
lantic community. This is tha
way M. Monnet and his col
laborators have been working
in Europe, and this is what
the Action committee recom
mends in its notable "Joint
Declaration of June 26." Tha
way to begin is to work at
the solution of concrete prob
lems, such as tariffs, curren
cy, and gold reserves, and to
avoid being seduced into try
ing to solve the insoluble the
oretical issues.
The most exciting of thesa
insoluble theoretical prob
lems is how to create an equal
nuclear partnership between
Europe and America. Tha
military school men are
engaging In vast and intricata
speculations about it, and per
haps the time will come when
Europe is sufficiently united
and sufficiently armed to pro
pose the terms of a partner
ship. For the present the Amer
ican difficulty is not that wa
do not want an equal partner
ship. We do want it. The diffi
culty is thpt no one so far hs
had any idea of how to or
ganize a nuclear partnership.
MY OWN view is that En
A'l ropean union and the At
lantic partnership can and
will evolve even though t ha
nuclear problem is not solv
ed. The real nuclear problem,
which is to maintain an am
ple balance of power with the
Soviet U n i o n , is at present
well in hand. So long as it L.,
the problem of the niu-loir
partnership in the A'.!a::i:-:
world is quite secondary, an I
it must not be allowed to c!
vert the Europeans ar.d bu
Americans from d'inc t'u
great things near ,v !,o.ia
wlvah it is now iir'r.i anu
,b'.t for H?m to.j.