2 g SUNDAY. JULY 1. 1962 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD, OREGON
The Congo May Be on Eve of Peace After Two Years
(Editor' Notes It has
bsn two yean line the
former Belgian Cor.gr
gained ill independence.
In that time, the central
African country has under
gone terrible internal itrife
which at timei resulted in
w h o le tale bloodletting.
UPI Correspondent Wil
liam Anderson reports that
on this anniversary of in
dependence The Congo has
vast problems to overcome
but the rosource-rich na
tion no longer is "a hope
less mess.")
By WILLIAM ANDERSON
United Press International
Leopoldville - (UPIi - On the
second anniversary of its in
dependence - which it gained
at midnight, June 30, 100
The Congo may also be on
the eve of peace. ,
The country has come a
long way in its second year
despite much severe fighting,
number of horrible mass
acres and continuing politi
cal uncertainty and confu
sion. But with the second anni
versary at hand, the United
Nations mission chief in The
Congo, Robert A. K. Gard
iner of Ghana, is "cautiously
optimistic" that the country
is ready to put aside its hates
and rivalries and become a
nation.
Not Alone In Hope
Gardiner is not alone In his
hope. The concensus of west
ern diplomatic missions is
that while lBb'l was "a hope
less mess," the last 12
months have started The Con
go back from political and
economic chaos.
The long, hard road to plac
ing The Congo, with its mighty
potential, in its true place in
Africa began last July when,
after months of negotiation,
the United Nations arranged
for parliament to meet Under
UN protection at Lovanlum
University in Leopoldville.
From this meeting emerged
a central government headed
by Cyrille Adoula, a 41-year-old
trade union leader and
former bank clerk.
As parliament met for the
first time in more than a
year The Congo had hit its
lowest point.
Secessionist Stale
Antoinc Gizenga, a former
missions in town.
In Katanga President
Moise Tshombe was sitting
behind a mercenary-built
military wall bolstered by
fat revenues from the copper
mines nf his province.
Albert KalonJI. another anti-central
government seces
sionist, had himself crowned
king, then emperor of South
Kasai's diamond mines and
ordered anyone who opposed
him flogged in public.
The Hunting Ground
The Congo's "garden nrov-
schoolmaster and vice-premier incc" of Kivu which had prc
ln the government of Patrice I v iously provided an agricul-
ON EVE OF PEACE? On the second anniversary of Its
Independence which it gained at midnight June AO, 19b0
me Congo may also be un the eve of peace. The cuuntry
has come a long way In its second year despite much
Lumumba who was murdered tural surplus, was the hunt
in Katanga in February. 19H1, ing ground of rebellious
had created a secessionist)' troops, whose depredations
stale around the Lumumba I reduced production with the
stronghold of Stanleyville, j thoroughness of a swarm of
Nine Afro-Asian countries locusts.
had accredited diplomatic ! Tn(, canit,,! 0f Leoooldvillc.
i once a bustling African me
tropolis, was haunted by 100,-
000 unemployed threatening
to exploded into a mob of
fond-seeking looters.
Adoula was named premier
in August, 1961, mainly be
cause he commanded no large
political group, lie had start
ed out as an ardent Lumum
bist but along with many
others, was soon appalled at
the first premier's irrespon
sibility. A Tough Minister
He had bjecn a tough min
ister of interior in the pro
visional government headed
severe fighting, a number of horrible massacres, and con
tinuing political uncertainty and confusion. This picture
shows a group of Congolese celebrating the country's in
dependence July 1, 1960. (UPI)
by Joseph llco. Most observ-, who once signed an agrce-
ers gave his government I me"t to bring his breakaway
about one month to live. He p'T'"ce baek int Tne ConS
...... , I and then reneged, has twice
had to include weak men in j been persuadcd by Gardiner
the cabinet to appease tribal j to renew talks concerning re-
and political groups. I unification.
Adoula decided the United
Nations - until then operat
ing ineffectually in a vacuum
-could help him.
The UN twice has gone
into armed conflict with the
mercenary supported Katan
ga gendarmerie and, while
not defeating the Katangans
and forcing an end to their
secessions, the majority of
the mercenaries have been
chased out and a measure of
stability achieved.
Negotiating With Tshombe
Gardiner now Is gingerly
negotiating with Tshombe to
end the secession of Katanga.
The strong headed Tshombe,
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There is no new agreement
yet, but Gardiner, a long time
international civil servant
with the patience of a Bantu,
remains cautiously optimistic.
The price of the struggle
to end Katanga's secession
has been high - in money and
men. The dead include UN
Secretary-General Dag Ham
marskjold whose plane crash
ed into the Southern Rhode
sian wilderness while he was
en route to a meeting with
Tshombe.
Has Been Successful
Abdoula has been success
ful in ending the secessions of
Gizenga In Oriental province
and Kalonji in South Kasai.
Gizenga has been arrested
and stripped of his military
power, cabinet post and par
liamentary immunity. He
faces charges of sedition and
illegal shipment of gold. Ka
lonji, similarly dealt with, is
imprisoned for flogging a po
litical opponent.
While speaking in terms of
a United Congo, Adoula is
realistically preparing to split
the country's present six
provinces into 21. A bill lo
Ihis effect is already drafted.
The provinces will be estab
lished along linguistic and
ethnical lines. Although out
of slep wilh a world lending
Inward integration, this fed
eral principle seems the only
way The Congo will run.
On a par with The Congo's
political problems, and di
rectly resulting from them,
is a serious economic situa
tion. Running A Deficit
The once rich Belgium col
ony is running a deficit of
about 1 billion francs ($2 mil
lion) a month. It is practically
living on US. handouts
amounting to about $6 mil
lion a month.
Much of the deficit Is due
to a swollen and oflen-nepot-ic
civil service and. on paper.
the highest paid army In the
world.
Too much money chasing
too few goods has brought on
inflation. This could bring
civil sfife. Recently Adoula
jailed trade union leader An
dre Boboliko on grounds he
was fomenting "political"
strife by calling for strikes
against the inflation. Only
a tough government policy
against the unions has so far
prevented strikes.
But the situation is not
hopeless.
Firmly Under Control
Apart from a few small
units in Kivu rapidly being
mopped up by the UN, the
army is firmly under the
control of Gen. Joseph Mo
butu and his officers. The Ka
tanga gendarmerie has al
ways been disciplined.
Industrial production is al
most back to normal. Textile
production has exceeded pre
independence levels.
Plantations owned by big
International companies were
surprisingly untouched by
the strife. But lack of trans
port and insecurity prevented
their products reaching the
markets for more than a year.
Now, however, the river
boats are penetrating most of
The Congo's 5,000 miles of
navigable mainstream and
tributaries and bringing
goods downriver.
Belgians Now Returning
Technically qualified Bel-
Jumper Training
Hears Completion
Portland Four-week train
ing of smokejumpers who will
help combat forest fires this
summer is nearing completion
at aerial project bases at Win
throp, Wash, and Cave Junc
tion, Ore., J. Herbert Stone,
regional forester, forest serv
ice, has announced.
About 80 young men are
undergoing tough physical
training and receiving instruc
tion in first aid and all phases
of fire control.
The Pacific Northwest Re
gion employed about 70 jump
ers in 1961. During the fire
season they were stationed at
the main bases at Winthrop
and Cave Junction and at
satellite bases at La Grande
and iledmond.
Ten additional junipers are
being trained this year to
form a nucleus for the 25
jumpers who will be station
ed at Redmond in 1963 as the
start of thf planned Redmond
Air Center at Roberts Field.
Use of smokejumpers in the
Pacific Northwest Region set
an all-time record in 1961.
Smokejumpers from the re
gion made fi-18 individual
jumps on 268 fires In
addition, smokejumpers from
other regions jumped on an
other 45 fires in Oregon and
Washington. Smokejumpers
continue In he a prime factor
in fast inilal action on fires,
Stone pninled out.
Four junipers from this re
gion are now in the South
western Region to assist in
that region's early fire season.
They will return to th-;r bases
in the Parific Northwest about
the time training is completed
at Winthrop and Cave Junction.
gians are returning to the in
tenor. Recently the first Bel
gian since independence re
turned to the cotton growing
area of North Katanga. ,
The first new trucks im-'
ported since independence
have arrived and are going
to the interior to bring the
crops to the river ports.
Agriculture remains badly
disrupted. The inflation gives
the small farmer no incentive
to do more than produce at
subsistence level.
Smuggling of cotton, ivory
and diamonds along the nor
thern frontier is a drain on
the national revenue. How
ever, this hinges directly on
pacification and restoration
of order in the outlying re
gions. Repairing Damaged Bridge
Work is under way to re
pair the vital Lubilash river
bridge in Katanga, which was
destroyed during fighting in
July.
The Tshombe-Adoula agree
ment will mean Katanga's
ores move once again over
this bridge through the rest
of The Congo to Port Fran
cqui and Matadi. This will
alleviate unemployment
along the river route and re
vitalize the economy.
The Belgian embassy, staff
ed by men with no colonial
stigma, is preparing a vast
technical assistance program
which, with Congolese agree
ment, will place experienced
men at key posts in the in
terior. They will complement the
UN's 400 technical assistants
who, although hard working
and conscientious, can solve
only a fraction of The Congo's
technical problems.
. The Congo still has its
troubles - lots of them. But
on its second anniversary it j
does seem to be moving in I
the right direction. I
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