g SUNDAY, MARCH 26. 1961 ' MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE. MEDFORD. ORE. ;
For Discussion: World Economy-Rubles, Dollars and Freedom
Problem Is to Produce More,
What Is Produced Here
(Editar'i note: The folloninf
. 4lspstch ll the last of t llhl brim
published in connftrtiim with ttir
"greet decisions" nrmram or the
u non-prollt, non-partisan Korelsn
, Policy association. Thii dispatch.
ll related to the final discussion
topic: "Blueprints (or the world
economy rubles, dollars ana
; freedom.")
By EDWARD COWAN
Washington -IUPD- How do
we get the American econ
omy to produce more and how
do we divide what it pro
duces? Although the question is
rarely expressed in those
.words, It is one of the fore
most problems of the Kennedy
administration,
The President and his chief
advisers believe the right
answers are the key to forging
fe stronger international posi
tion lor the United Slates and
improving the condition of its
citizens.
; In essence, the view of the
administration Is that greater
production of goods and serv-
Ices leads to greater capacity
to meet needs.
Whose needs? What needs?
Storms Art Swirling '
; Those are questions around
Which political storms already
are swirling. One of the storms
is over foreign aid.
It is a widely held view here
that more and more the cold
War is being fought in the
realm of economics. The
war" is a struggle for world
domination - hence a contest
for influence and allegiance in
the countries which have not
yet taken sides, although some
experts say we should en
courage them to remain un
committed. .- It has become by now a
truism in Washington to say
that the people of Asia, Africa
and Latin' America have been
wept up by the "revolution
of rising expectations." For
the most part they are people
whose living standards are
pitifully meager by American
or European standards and
whose economies give little
promise of an early, steady
rise in Income.
Word It Spreading
" Yet, the word is spreading.
People who once accepted
poverty -no longer do. They
feel they are entitled to a
better Me. This puts their
governments under great pres
sure to produce economics
progress and, therefore, to do
business with anyone who
offers help.
The Soviet Union and Com
munist China are aware of
this, although China faces its
own enormous economic prob
lems. In the past decode the
Russians have expanded their
foreign aid efforts consider
ably.
This raises a major question
for the United Stales govern
ment: Can and should it In
crease the share of American
goods, services and knowhow
available overseas as the total
xpands?
President Kennedy's view,
Oregonians Urge Firm
Resistance to Soviets
Finn resistance to Soviet or East German "squeezes" on
West Berlin was urged by two-thirds of Oregon Great Deci
sions participants balloting recently on the foreign policy
issue "Deadlock over Germany." Sixty-one per cent of the
Jackson county participants indicated they felt the same way.
Opinion ballots from 20 Oregon counties were tabulated
this week by Oregon State university extension service.
Not quite as many state voters 61 per cent called for
the U.S. to make It clear that we shall fight if necessary
to keep West Berlin free. Agreeing were 77 per cent of
Jackson county voters.
Insist on Continued Occupation
Slightly more than half the Oregonians who voted said
to insist on continued Allied occupation of West Berlin until
Germany is reunited on the basis of self-determination. In
Jackson county, 80 per cent of the voters agreed with this
opinion.
Three-fourths the people voting on ine topic "soviet unai
lenge and World Leadership" urged working to help build
solid foundations for freedom In underdeveloped and emerg
ing areas. Ninety-two per cent of Jackson county voters indi
cated they felt the same way.
Sixty-eight per cent of the 841 Oregonians who balloted
in the second Great Decisions topic agreed that America's
long-run objective is freedom and self-determination every
where in the world, including behind the iron curtain.
Ninety-seven per cent of Jackson county's 59 voters agreed.
Many of the Great Decisions voters favored remaining
firm, and negotiating from strength.
one which explains the idea
of ; the much ballyhooed
"Peace Corps," is that more
American experts must go to
foreign countries to train
people in public health, farm
ing, irrigation, transportation,
business and government man
agement. Walt W. Rostow, an econo
mist who is a deputy special
asssltant to the President, has
written that the present level
of external assistance is sub
stantially Inadequate to the
task of out-racing the rate of
population increase in many
key regions where capital
might be productively absorbed."
In short, some countries
find their economies are grow
ing - but only about as quick
ly as their populations. That
means average Income per
person is barely rising, if at
all, American officials feel
this is a dangerous situation in
a poor country. A country
whose living standards are
rising is less likely to respond
to Communist blandishments,
officials say.
Help Poor Countries
The problem then is help
the poor countries expand and
strengthen their economies.
But there are limits to what
can be done to help through
foreign aid.
One limit is the political
sensitivity of other govern
ments. South America is wary
of "Yankee imperialism." In
the Eastern hemisphere newly
Independent peoples are
haunted by the memory of
colonialism.
A political limit exists. Con
gress, and possibly most citi
zens with an opinion on the
matter, oppose increasing for
eign aid. Such a move is es
pecially politically unpalat
able when unemployment at
home Is high, as now.
. In addition, there are the
restraints of the federal budg
et and the balance of pay
ments. They are an economic
limit, although perhaps one
not yet reached.
Lack of Flexibility
Still another difficulty is
the lack of flexibility in U.S.
aid efforts. The Soviet govern
ment, unencumbered by the
safeguards of democratic pro
cedures, can move quickly to
exploit a developing economic
situation - to buy surplus
sugar or deliver oil, in either
case to help a small country
in a sudden economic pinch.
The Soviet government even
can trade at uneconomic prices
for political advantage (al
though sometimes it has later
tried to recoup, at the expense
of the country it was! sup
posedly helping).
These problems and others,
American officials feel, point
to a need for:
-More multilateral aid
through such institutions as
the World Bank, its affiliate
the International Develop
ment Association, the U.N.
Special Fund and the Inter
American Bank.
Foreign Aid Flexibility .
-More flexibility in foreign
aid, more discretionary au
thority from Congress for the
executive branch and includ
ing long - term commitments
which will assure financing to
completion of projects which
take years to build.
-A strengthened world
economy generally, with more
Will senrllismtnt ll ntllW en offer to ssM rot s tottdtafJen of effen e bey sue " ftoei lecerftfes. Tee efftrtnf
Is made eely by prwptclui to bona lido mldsiils of the State at Oregon.
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The Company 1 ottering to bona fide residents of the State of
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$2.50 per share. All shares of the common capital stock of Cen
tennial Life Insurance Company are equal In every way to every
other share, Including voting, dividend rights, and price. AN
sharot when hilly paid shall be non-assessable and each share
shaH have one vote. Centennial Life Insurance Company Is actively
engaged in the sale of life Insurance In the Slate of Oregon pur
suant to a Certificate of Authority as Issued by the Insurance
Commissioner of the Slate of Oregon.
This Company was founded on the belief that most of Oregon's
premium dollars go to out-of-ttale Insurance companies, largely
to be Invested elsewhere. A strong, aggressive Oregon company,
adequately financed and properly managed, can keop many of
these dollars at home thereby making a contribution to tho econ
omic well being of our great Stale.
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Addrttt
Ply
trade, greater stability and a
heavier flow of private invest
ment into the less industrial
ized countries. This conviction
underlies the determination of
the Kennedy administration
to shun import restrictions as
a solution to the U.S. balance
of payments deficit.
The Kennedy administra
tion believes that the first step
toward strengthening the
world economy is shoring up
the American economy. Full
employment and high produc
tion at home are the neces
sary weapons of an attack on
poverty. They also relate to
prosperity elsewhere. There is
an old saying that "When
America sneezes, Europe gets
pneumonia." Recent economic
resurgence in Europe may
make that adage an overstate
ment, but there is still a germ
of truth in it.
Industrial Activity
Ups and downs in industrial
activity in the advanced coun
tries mean parallel fluctua
tions in prices of raw materi
als and gyrations in the in
comes of the less .developed
countries. This is one of their
perennial complaints. It is
still another reason for main
taining a high-level economy
in the United States.
One remedy to the problem
of sharp swings in raw ma
terials prices, one which the
United States has tried to pur
sue through some of lis for
eign aid programs, is diversifi
cation of an economy so that
it is not dependent on exports
of a single item.
In recent months, attention
in Washington has been fo
cused less on the problems of
world trade and aid and more
on the strength of the dollar,
For a variety of reasons, but
mainly the economic recession
here, the dollar came under
sudden and unexpected pres
sure in 1960.
Accelerated Rate
Foreign governments ac
celerated the rate at which
they were converting dollar
reserves to American gold
thereby reducing Treasury
gold stocks. In London the
price of gold broke through
the traditional celling of a few
pennies above $35 an ounce
and shot up to $40 on a tem
porary but highly dramatic,
ominous speculative binge.
These developments reflect
ed and strengthened sentiment
that the United States would
revalue the dollar. This senti
ment did not abate until Ken
nedy took office and pro
claimed his firm Intention to
hold the price of gold at $35.
Compounding U. S. embar
rassment over the speculation
against the dollar, for years
unshakable currency, was a
Soviet "monetary reform." In
a bit of financial sleight-of-hand
the Russians reduced the
value of the ruble, called the
reduction an increase, and
proclaimed that the ruble had
become worth more than the
dollur - about $1.11, accord
ing to Moscow.
Dollar Under Pressure ,
Whether the "monetary re
form" was planned or not, it
came just when the dollar was
under great and surprising
pressure. The Soviet move
touched off speculation that
the Kremlin was getting ready
to make the ruble "convert
ible" in a bid to oust the dollar
as the world's chief reserve
currency.
Soviet experts doubt that
any such move is likely in the
foreseeable future. But the
Russians might be tempted to
try it if the dollar and con
fidence In It sag again.
That is another reason the
Kennedy administration has
assigned top priority to
strenghenlng the economy.
Three from Area
Attend OSU Course
Corvallis - Three men from
Mcdford completed an aerial
photo short course last week
at the Oregon State university
school of forestry.
They were John L. Gart
man of Elk Lumber company,
Wayne L, Peterson, and Ben
Vaitkus.
The one-week course has
been offered each of the past
12 years by OSU as a service
to foresters who use aerial
photos In their work.
Foresters from throughout
the nation and several foreign
countries have attended the
special training during the
past several years. Classes
cover limber volume estima
tion from aerial surveys, pho
to interpretation, forest type
mapping, projection of photo
detail to base maps, and con
tract specifications for aerial
photography.
Fiber Content Labels Being Inspected
Fiber content labels on var
ious items of wearing apparel
in local stores are being in
spected on a cross-sampling
basis, according to D. L. Ham-
Eagle Point People
Place in GP Show
Grants Pass - Several Eagle
Point residents recently par
ticipated in the Blaizers 4-H
horse show and play day here
and won several prizes for
their horsemanship.
Attending were Keith
Krambeal, his children, Al
yce, Regina and Leslie, and
Mrs, James A. Dunn, all mem
bers of the Desert Pegasus
4-H Horse club.
Leslie, riding "Chip," won
second place in open jumping,
as well as fifth place in open
pole bending.
Regina, with her horse
"Bourbons Wonder. Queen,"
won fourth place in English
equitation, fifth place in West
ern horsemanship, fourth in
open pole bending, and fifth
in Open Texas barrel.
All animals need salt and
salted hay is a convenient way
to feed stock salt.
ilton, an inspector for the di
vision of textiles and furs, fed
eral trade commission.
Hamilton said the Textile
Fiber Products Identification
Act, which became effective
March 3, requires manufac
turers to affix to each textile
fiber product a label clearly
indicating the generic names
of all fibers present in the fab
rics in excess- jf 5 per cent of
the total v. iight.
According to Hamilton,
there nre only 17 'man-made
fibers in production, and of
these, only 10 are commonly
found in household textile
products.
Act Necessary
Unfortunately, he said,
there are thousands of fiber
trademarks in the United
States and abroad which made
it necessary for the 85th Con
gress to pass the act prohibit
ing the use of such trade
marks without disclosure of
the proper generic name, in
order to avoid deception from
the consumer interest stand
point. Retail merchants, the in
spector said, are reminded of
their legal responsibility un
der the Textile Act, which
provides that household tex
tile products manufactured
after March 3 are deemed to
be misbranded if offered for
sale without a fiber content
label being affixed to each
such product.
He pointed out that the fed
eral trade commission officials
realize labels are sometimes
accidentally detached, but
urged retailers to adopt such
procedures as- appear neces
sary to keep label losses to a
minimum.
Hamilton said the act also
pertains to newspaper copy
submitted by retailers, and
suggested that retailers who
desire copies of the act write
to the federal trade commis
sion, 811 U.S. Courthouse,
Seattle, Wash.
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Washington -HTD- Rep. Wal
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