General Peacb Sizes
Can Be Predicted
General harvest sizes of
. H. Hale peaches can now be
predicted as a result of five
years of research on the prob
lem, Dr. M. N, Westwood,
Oregon State college horticul
turist, told a meeting of peach
growers here last week.
Dr. Westwood emphasized
that his tables should be used
as only general guides in pre
dicting peach sizes for all
varieties. Most of his research
was conducted in the central
Washington area.
First step in making the size
prediction is to determine the
beginning of pit hardening,
the horticulturist said. This is
the time when 80 to 90 per
cent of the pits hayp narden
ed at the tip end. Hardening
has started when the gnnver
can feel some resistance as
he cuts with a sharp kjjife the
very thin c-oss sections
through the apex of the fruit.
Pit hardening usually starts
aboilt 50 days past fuJJ bloom.
First Reference
The first reference date for
Corn Planting
Trill Reported
By HAROLD WHITE
Southern Oregon Branch
Experiment Station
Profits from sweet corn
grown for fresh market are
influenced by the number of
plants per acre.
In a rate of planting trial
at the Southern Oregon Ex
periment station last season
sweet corn was planted 12,
000, 15,000, 18,000, 21,000,
and 24,000 plants per acre.
A total of 1,988 dozen market
able ears were harvested from
the; 18,000 plants per acre
plots which compares with
1,878 dozen from the 21,000
and the 24,000 planting rates.
The 12,000 plants per acre
yielded only 1.YJ3 cozen while
15,000 plants per acre yielded
1.694 dozen marketable ears.
With corn figured at "5c per
dozen the 18,000 plants per
acre rate gave a return of
S38.50 per acre more tVian
any other rates of seeding
used in the test.
Length and diameter of
cars produced were practical
ly the same for the 12.000.
15,000, 18,000, and 21,000
planting rate but there was a
slight decrease in size of ears
in the 24,000 plants per acre
rate of planting. At the 18,
000 rate which produced 1,988
dozen marketable ears per
acre 5 per cent of the husked
ears were 6 - 7 inches long, 72
per cent were 7 - 8 inches, and
23 per cent 8 inches or more.
With rows spaces 36 inches
apart seed should be placed
9.5 inches apart in the row to
get 18.000 per acre. Spacing
for the other rates of seeding
are 12,000-14.5 inches, 15,000
-11.6 inches, 21,000-8.3 inch
es, and 24.000-7.3 inches apar'.
in the row.
HIGHEST
IEL
COMPLETE
Priced
Don't 8 Satisfied Willi lss
FIEUJ
EDS
Grain
Sr
Alfattftt
Clvr
Our Irly is scsrj-
fied t rrtot)btrds.
Maks for0 n evener
stand.
let Us Clean
Your
Seed Grain
rAHm
f
Complete Slocks Covered Only at Our FARM STORE-
1 0th and
sampling is 14 days pas! the
start of pit hardening. On this
date obtain the weight of 200
fruits. Dr. Westwood directed.
A grower should pick 10
fruits at random within arm's
reach and from the out.CUe of
20 trees in an orchard. Then
look in Table 1 tsee belcQ) to
determine the predicted aver
age harvest size for the or
chard sampled.
Perform hand thinning to
get the desired harvest size.
For example, if small harvest
size is predicted, a grower
would thin sonOwhai heavier
t!.n usual.
The second reference date is
30 days past the beginning of
pit nardemng. On his date
take another samole of 200
fruits (as above) and determine
the predicted harvest size
frono Table 2 after the fruits
have been weighed and aver
age weight taken. If predicted
size is undesirably small, thin
off smallest fruits in a sec
ond thinning operation.
Dr. Westwood extOaincd
that in most peach areas the
initial fruit set is heavy. After
the June drop the set may be
extra Heavy, intermediate or
light. Hand thinning is done
after the drop and in most
areas arbitrary spacing re
sults. Crews tend to overthin
the light initial set and under
thin the heavy initial set, the
OSC scientist noted.
Studied in California
California researchers have
worked many years predict
ing sizes of cling peaches and
prediction charts work well
with the free-stone and cling
varieties.
The crop obtains 75 to 80
per cent of its growth just
before the final swelling and
iu to 25 per cent of its growth
during the pit hardening.
Illustrating how more ac
curate thinning will affect the
market price, Dr. Westwood
noted that one year J, H. Hale
peaches 27s inches in diam
eter were bringing $45 a ton.
Those only la inch larger in
diameter or 3 inches or larger
would bring $116 a ton.
Table 1, First Reference
Date Predictions
Wt. of 200 Predicted Harvest
Fruits size
(pounds) (In. Ilia.)
5 1.95
10 2.35
15 2.67
20 2.92
25 3.12
30 3.28
35 3.42
40 3.54
Tabls 2, Second Reference
Date Predictions
Wt. of 290 I'rcdictpd Harvest
Fruits size
(Iiotlttds) (Ik. nia.)
10 2.10
15 2.36
20 2.60
25 2.79
30' 2.96
35 3.11
40 . 3.24
45 3.37
50 3.49
55 3.58
QUALITY
STOCK OF
Right
Than the Best SEE US
FtiLD
Supr
ypsum
16-10 Ammo-Phos
Am. Slpkjt
Aw, Mitrat
Salgkur
BOROH
14-W-H
6-20-20
12-12-6
Inoculants
for
Legumes
Fir Sts.
CHIT HAT
By JOE COWUY
Mti Tribune lrm Editor
Well, the Cubans are having troubles with chickens now.
Seems the government there can't quite decide which should
come first, the chicken or the egg.
Chicken farmers there are being encouraged to breed
pullets to produce the eggs much needed by the Cubans.
They used to g chickens from Florida. However, all such
agricultural goods which would be exported to Cuba are
now under a U. S. trade embargo. So the Cubans are trying
to produce pullets from eggs which they don't have enough
of.
The price of eggs is strictly regulated at about seven
cents each and no black market has been organized so far.
With all the cackling Castro has begn doing perhaps he
will come up with something.
Contrary to what many people think, it's not the grain
farmers who have shown the most recent rapid production
growth. It's the poulSymen. According to federal figures,
since 1947 production of poultry and eggs has risen 50 per
cent. This can be compared with 30 per cent for weat ani
mals, 1 per cent for dairy products, 18 per cent for crops
and 25 per cent for all farm products combined.
Over-production, in fact, is the trouble in the egg indus
try. Local poultrymen are concerned over the large numbers
of out-of-state eggs brought in on the wheels of swift, far
reaching transportation. So, they are emphasizing quality
and only the top quality eggs
gon s Independent Egg Producers. Look for that seal when
you buy.
Well, women set their hair with beer and one old time
female cinema star bathed in milk. Perhaps somebody will
come up with the idea that
nightly will ensure complexion
sense as some of these health
health food we ever consumed
Grandma's big tablespoon every
outrun that supply of sulphur
Anyway, California is crowing about leading the parade
in egg production and is planning a January sales promotion
For 13 conrcutive years California layers have been setting
new production records every
led-the nation with 5.2 billion
expects '9 per cent increase over the 1959 total. We sup
pose, since California is under a Democratic administration
this vould prove that the Democrats can lay 'em, too.
The Golden State hens are also beating the average
production per bird record. In 1959 California's layers pro
duced an average of 229 eggs. This is 23 over the national
average. It was only 15 years ago that the state's average
was only 163 eggs per year.
It wasn't too long ago that
story about the health food
eggs from happy hens. But poultrymen are now aiming at
breeding happy hens, better-bred hens, betted-fed hens and
hens protected against disease.
California at Davis they are
environment and social stress
duction, too, we understand.
Oregon's 1960 egg production estimates of 665 million
places it far behind California's 1960 estimates of 5.7 billion.
Oregon is 30th state in the nation for egg production. The hen
average is a little better though. Oregon hens average 221
eggs a year and California 229
according to Robert Birdsall,
specialist.
While California is aiming al happy hens, Oregon Stale
college is continuing its research on the compact models.
Dr. Paul Bernier, of the OSC poultry department, now has
about 250 midgets on test. He is looking tor birds with su
perior characteristics with the hope of developing a strain
ot midgets with consistently high performance.
Eggs from the midgets average a little smaller than
those from normal size hens. However, some o the midgets
have been laying eggs of average size, plus producing as
many as normal size hens. Idea is to get the same or greater
egg production from hens requiring less feed. The research
ers arc studying how well the hens stand the strain over a
long period. They also want long-time records on the birds'
nutritional requirements to maintain high production.
There is a dandy little booklet out on "Public Relations
or Peasantry" written by Ed Lipscomb, director of public
relations for the National Cotton Council of America. In it
he says it is all right for the farmer to hope public relations
will make people love me as 1 am. He says this is correct
.provided the farmers live lovably and they let people know
'about it.
This area puts out top quality fruit and vegetables, yet
after watching some of the people at She fruit and produce
sections in local markets we wonder if they understand this.
Buying fresh fruits and vegetables is like anything else.
There's a right and wrong way t do it.
Just because some fruit or vegetables arc priced low
on a rising market doesn't mean you are eyeing a bargain.
The "specials" may be overripe, partly deteriorated or of
poor quality. Also, the over-large fruits may be pithy or
thick skinned and be almost dry of juice. Over-large vege
tables may be tasteless, pithy, or woody.
Generally, you pay for what you get. Better fruits and
Vegetables at the higher prices are free from wasteful cracks,
blemishes and decay. There is less wasle to pare away so
you really save money.
Frtiiis and vegetables in season are usually best in fla
vor and best price wise. All fresh vegetables, regardless of
use, should be crisp, tender, free from bruises and fresh
appearing for better flavor and more vitamin C. Select per
sonally and consider the use. Fruits and vegetables may not
have to be perfect if they are to be cut up for a salad.
Check to see that the containers hold full measure and
that the product is of good qualfiy throughout the pack.
Slaik vegetables such as celery should have tender and firm
stems. Pod vegetables like snap beans shouhe be free of
bruises, firm and crisp. Root vegetabies like carrots should
be firm, good rich color and smooth. Leafy vegetables such
as lettuce and cabbage should have a bright color and be
crisp.
Gel your money's worth. Use the trimmings for saiad.
Some fruits and vegetables contain more vitamin A or vita
min C than others. Generally dark green or yellow vege
tables contain more vitamin A. Citrus ltuits, raw cabbage,
raw strawberries, cantaloupe and tomatoes are some of the
belter0 sources of vitamin C. To figure the price, divu- the
total tjst by the number of servings the purchase will yield.
Kemember everyone needs at least four servings of fruits
a;id vegetables (fresh, canned or frozen) each day.
According to reports from Gerald Detering, Oregon Farm
Bureau Federation president, townspeople at Kl Centre and
Brawley in (lie heart of the lettuce country, turned out en
masse to help the struck farmers get their crops harvested.
Other farm groups such as the local cattlemen's association
are helping with both labor and money, Detering learned
on a recent trip through there. If the AWOC should call
a strike in the nMdU of the pear harvest season would the
local people do the same thing here? It might be a good plan
to get some sort of ides It might aiso be a good Idea to
enlist the aid of other farmer groups in the valley now,
i i
MEDFOBD MAIL TRIBUNE.
will receive the seal of Ore
an omelet applied to the face
care. Makes about as much
foods they are using. Only
was supplied forcibly from
spring. We soon were able to
and molasses.
12 months. In 1959 California
eggs produced. The state now
we were chuckling over the
fadist who was searching for
Now at the University of
talking of the effect of total
on birds. This affects eggs pro
eggs, based on 1959 figures,
OSC agricultural information
MEDFORD, OHEGCW
MARKET
fid mnii Livestock Auctk-n
CATTLE; Salable 54U inriudinj?
and heifers scsrtt;; slaughter cmvs
fluuui Aitaa,v; staugmvr casves asm units .e; stcner
classes active, particularly siack calves, steadv t smmg. quaSity and
condition eonsittf rtd. Supply comprised of Si's than i pM ni
siaughter cows, riRindr mainly ssockiT and ffetter classes, Const&tv
nients almost entirely of northern California origin,
SlaiisitiM- fmvs: individual Standard J7o lbs. lew head USii-
ity SlS.31Mfi.30, Culler 513.5S-i5,0ii, Canner $UJJ0-i3S0, 'sheily' Cssi
aers rimvn to around $9.23.
Slaughter bulls; Couple head Utility 1370 and 1490 Ui. 19 3S and
$19.9(1,
Slaughter calves: Few indlvidal Sianrtard and Gid 2 70-3, "SO fcbs.
$22.25-:? 4 75, Jew head Utiiitv 337 Mw, J 18 00
Stoelier and frrder stews: Pmati lots and individual Gimri and
Choice 300-538 In cals-es $26.25-38 73, small lets nmn am! Medum
250-500 ibs- $19 20-2630. Few lots and individual Good and Choice 5S
600 lb. yearlings $24.50-26.5, tnciuHinR 2 head shipment 533 lbs.
at $26 30. individual and smuU IsMs Common atid Medium 550-650 His.
$18.00-24.00. S
Sleeker and feeder heifers: Small lots and individual Good and t
Choice 300-518 lb. calves $24 00-26 30, small lots and individual Cum-J
men and Medium 245-4RO lis, 5ism-23u. Eumvsauas ana smsis mms
Medium and Good 585-6S5 ib. veariiucs $19.00-20.30.
stock caws: Few lots Common and Medium m-HS 00 per head.
Small number Common and Medium with young calves at side SS52JHS
212.50 per nair.
HtHiS: Salable 24 Supply mainly feeder piss.
Feeder iss; Small lot Good and Choice 38 lbs. $22 00, small lot 38
lbs. $20 00,
SHKK1M Salable none. Market untested.
Gardening Tips
By JOHN McLOUGHLIN
County Extension Agent
FLOWERING CHERRIES
Home owners are requested
not to plant both the Kwanzan
and Shirofugen varieties of
flowering cherries. These var
ieties are carriers of the K
and S little cherry virus and
are a definite threat to the
production of sweet and sour
cherries.
Research is under way to
determine virus free stocks
of these flowering varieties.
If successful in finding a virus
free strain it will be at least
two or three years before
these trees will be readily
available. Please do not plant
these varieties until you have
been informed by this office
that virus free stock are on
the market.
PROBLEMS
It will greatly faciliiate
identifying insects and dis
eases if a sample of the insect
or disease and host plant are
forwarded to this office. You
can readily see where one
good sample would be belter
than 100 words in such iden
tification work.
If the material is mailed lo
Pollenization
Crucial Operation
Proper pollinizalion is one
of the most crucial operations
in a peach orchard, County
Agent Dave Passon told the
annual peach growers meet
ing here last week.
"You must bring the pollen
in at the right time, Passon
said. "It you have no pollen-
izing trees then bouquets of
blossoms from peach pollin
izers must be brought into
the orchard from three hours
to three days after the trees
bloom. About a day should
be right."
Giberellum, a growth stim
ulating chemical, has been
used by the University of
California at Davis with good
results in Hales. However,
there is no recommendation
yet, Passon noted. '
A pollenizing peach variety
can be grafted or budded in
the top of peach trees. Pollen
izers interplantcd every fifth
row is the best.
Before the bees arc brought
into an orchard to carry the
fertilizing poiien to the blos
soms the cover crop should
be disked up, particularly
mustard. Bouquets of the pol
lenizers should be brought in
when the trees are in full
bloom, except for Hales,
which are in their most re
ceptive stage before full
bloom. Bouquets should be cut
when their blossoms are
closed.
Chemical Meeting
Dates Now Changed
Salem - The ninth annual
Oregon agriculture chemical
applicators' conference will
be held Feb. 20 and 21 in
Whitcombe Hall at Oregon
Slate college in Corvaiiis.
This is a change from the
dates originally set in Jan
uary. The conference is sponsor- j
ed cooperatively by the State 1
department of agriculture and '
OSC. ,
Three broad topics, suggest
ed by the applicators them
selves, will be covered during .
the sessions. They arc business j
management, chemicals and j
legislation. Speakers will in-j
elude staff members of the
college and of the Jepartmcnt, !
Auburn Morris, technical di- j
rechw of the Moro chemical j
company, Seattle, will be a j
guest speaker as will Stuart
Turner, consulting agroiogist, i
San Francisco, Calif.; G. F. j
Jacobson. Northwest Under-'
writers, Portland; and Frank
McKcnnon, former director of ;
the State Department of Agri- j
culture, Salem. ,
BRILL
METAL WORKS
RciidcniJ Sh Mtf WefJf
Stainless Galvanized
antf CepfMf fabrication
2287 West Main
mom p 2.o
NEWS
Report, T4y, ian tt
runrf 2iifl caives, Siaucbier steers
m small sappier, jntdtr(riy sfsve.
the office, additional informa
tion as to the location of the
plant (sun, partial shade,
shade), soil condition (depth
and kind) and cultural prac
tices followed (watering, fer
tilizing, etc.) is helpful.
The Jackson county exten
sion office is located on the
first floor of (he county court
house. Mail should be sent to
P.O. Box 1069, Aledford.
Identification and recom
mendations will be made as
soon as possible. Don't forget
o enclose your name, address
and phone number with the
material.
CHRISTMAS HOSE
As you look at your garden;
does it have that cold, wintry:
look like most gardens at this;
time of year? It could have:
been bursting forth for the
past month with large, waxy
white, pale green or lavender
anemone-like blooms produc
ed by the various varieties of
the Christmas Rose (Hetle
borus ligraj.
The Christmas Rose is a
long lived perennial and with
its handsome leathery dark
evergreen foliage it is a val
uable landscape plant. The
flowers, averaging three inch
es in diameter on 14-inch
stems, last up to two months
on the plant. The white flow
ering varieties turn metallic
rose, green or lavender as they
fade. Both flower and foliage
make excellent cut flower sr
rangements. Success with this generally
disease and insect free plant
will come if you remember
that they like well drained
rich soil, partial shade and
protection from drying winds.
Once planted DO NOT DIS
TURB. Use Manure
Thorough soli preparation
incorporating well rotted ma
nure or other organic matter
and boncmoal is advisable.
Space al least two feet apart.
for a plant when well estab
lished will form an attractive
foot high mound of leaves cov
ering a square yard. A good
mulch will help prevent roots
from drying out.
While the Christmas Rose
is becoming established in
your garden, flowering in the
first few years will be below
expectations. These first lew
years, however, are more than
compensated for when you
have the established plant
flowering in your garden.
Modem Artificial
Breeding with
FROZEN SEMEN
FROM AMERICAN
BREEDERS' SERVICf
Be ii fomiiy tow or dairy
herd . , use our Service
for the INHJRiTANCE FOR
PROFIT! The dollars ye
make may be your own)
Sx'S',
mid
. ' f -w t I
C, C. William
ROGUE VALLEY
PROVED
SIRE SERVICE
SP 2-4093
Healthy Sheep j
Require Permit' ;
To Enter Slate
Salem-Healthy sheep from;
non-quarantine areas now :
need a permit though not a
health certificate to enter
Oregon and they must move
directly So the approved dts
siiiation. This is in line with
a new requirement of the stale ;
department of agriculture, cf-i
feciive Jan, 18.
The new rules are a result
of a meeting between repre
sentatives of the sheep indus
try and department veterin
ary officials on scabies con
trol, now a nationwide prob
lem. Sheep with other iiuec
tious diseases must continue
to meet federal interstate
shipping standards.
Sheep infected with scabies
may enter Oresn under re
stricted conditions. Infected
sheep must have a permit and
health certificate, must have
been dipped as required and
must move directly to a li
censed federal or state slaugh
ter plant where they must be
kept in an isolated pen and
slaughtered within 10 days
after arrival.
Sheep which have, been ex
posed to scabies may be
moved into the state only if
they go directly lo their desti
nation accompanied by the
proper permits and have been
dipped as prescribed by regu
lations.
Authorities are d e f i n i te
about proper dipping methods.
According to the new order,
infected sheep must be dipped
for scabies under supervision
of n full time federal or au
thorized state representative.
They must be dipped at least
twice at 10 to 14 day inter
vals. 10 days before entering
Oregon. Sheep exposed to
scabies must be dipped once
within 10 days prior to enter
ing the state,
The necessary heallh certi
ficale Hist identify Ihe sheep,
their point of origin, state that
sheep have been dipped and
whether ihe dipping was prop
erly supervised and whether
sheep are free from other in-
feelious disease. This certifi
cate must be signed by a full
time authorized representa
tive of the United States De
partment of Agriculture or
the state department of agri
culture al the point of origin.
All trucks or cars moving
scabies infected sheep or those
exposed, must be disinfected
after delivery.
fit v v J ' - -p:
GROW BIG FRUIT TREE PROFITS
EVEN IN ACID SOIL
You can do ii with Viking ShipCalcium Nitrate
Acid soil can rob you of fruit tree profits
three ways,
1. It can slow the conversion of am
monia nitrogen to usable nitrate forms.
Even with heavy applications of am
nionic nitrogen fertilizer, fruit trees can
actually starve,
2. Because of low calcium, acid soil in
susceptible to compaction and puddling.
Feeder roots may become water-fogged
and die.
3. Excess acidity can cause the forma
tion of toxic chemicals highly dangerous
to living tree roots.
Viking Shin Calcium Nitrate can help
you fight these acid-soil dangers.
The fanl-aclivg niirate nitrogrn in
Viking Ship k available without conver
Use ihe fertilizer thai fights soil acidity! . .
Viking Ship Calcium Nitrate
Oislributai bj WILSON & GEO. MEYER & CO., San Francisco Portland Seattle Yakima
TUESDAY. JAHUABTf
Twig Borer Control Told,
Peach Spray
Dr. Louis O. Gentner,
Southern Orgo Branch Ex-:
periiiicnl station entomologist,:
told the peach growers last:
week tliaP the peach twig:
borer showed some serioys
outbreaks during the last two
years.
During the meeting in llie
Siedford National Guard arm
ory the entomologist said
there has not been too much
trouble with the twig borer
"for quite a few years," hui
the year before last and last
year some orchards suffered
serious outbreaks of this in
sect pest. Until recently para
sites may have kept liiis in
sect pest under control. Dr.
Centner said.
The twig borer lays its eggs
in the fail in little chimney
like cocoons in which they
winter over. When they
emerge in the spring Jliey
bore into the new growth and
teed on the spurs. When the
second brood hatches they
bore into the fruit.
Dormant oil with or with
out phosphate no longer gives
the desired control. Or. Cent
ner said. Recommended now
is DDT applied at ihe rate
of two pounds vcr 100 gal-
ions of water or Thiodan, one
pound to 100 gaiions of water.
Announcing his spray pro
gram for the new year, Coun
ty Horticultural Agent Clif
ford B. Cordy recommended
dormant oil and copper as
the first spray to be applied
PEAR GROWERS
ATTEriTIOK-
Plant Ouinte Roof Pear Trees of PROVEN
aKilitv wft rt fwpr Sft vpaK nf A r jiii e,rt
production records in
are, California,, No detltne problem.
Call tolled AXminister
ager Ken Hartman of
Leonard Coales Nurseries, inc.
P.O. Box 231
San Jose, California
A
Program Set
about Feb. JS to control
aphids, leaf euri, and Calitor
nia pach blight.
During the pink blossom
stage, lag, puratized, Phygon,
Ziram and Captain may im
applied. These elieraicals era
not hard on bees. Cordy said
Timing is quite important ia
this case, he said.
At the 70 per cent bloom
stage the same chemicals
should be applied as during
Hie pink blossom stage.
At Ihe petal fall stage, DDT
should be applied for control
of peach twig borer.
During the summer Kel
thane, and DDT can be'ap
plied, from July 10 to mid
August.
Harvest Time Sprays
At the harvest time Ziram,
Captan dust or sulphur may
te applied to control brown
rot. This should be timed 10
to 25 days before liarvest so
there is no visible residue
the fruit, Cordy cautioned.
DDT can be applied Hires
weeks before harvest.
Cordy aiso announced that
a plant growth eourse would,
be conducted in the court
house auditorium every
Thursday, starting at 9 3ili ,
Feb. IS. Those interested
should apply as soon as pos
sible at the county extension
office.
ihs Santa Clara Valley
6-2902, ask for Man
Froit Tree Department.
31, 1361
sion. Unlike amnionic forms, nitrate
trtigen is not trapped in upper soil layers.
It moves with water to the root zone
where it can go to work immediately to
give trees a vigorous start, help them
set big crops. ,
Viking Ship also provides SO water
mlnhle rftleinm that helps counteract
soil acidity. By improving soil structure,
it helps prevent compaction, so that tree
roots can forage easily for nourishment.
And Vikins Ship is easy to apply, ft
can be spread evenly or metered accu
rately in irrigation water; St dissolves
quickly; it leaves no residue. Ask your
fertilizer dealer for complete informa
tion about Viking Ship Calcium Nitrate.
Equivalent lo2S. lime expressed iitu8 ox id.