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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 5, 1961)
THURSDAY, JANUARY S, 1961 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE. African Nations Carry Numerous Unsolved 1960 Problems Into 1961 . London-IUPD-Optimlsts who hailed 1960 in its early months as the year of African independence were only part ly justified. Africa still has its most stubborn jjroblems left to settle in 1961-V?nd prob ably in .a iJiod many years to come. But 1960 saw the tide of Independence sweep down the west coast of the vast conti nent from the borders of Mo rocco to the frontier of Portu guese Angola; down the cen ter to the border of the Fed eration of Rhodesia and Nyasaland; and down the east coast to the frontier of lenya. In the east anil cental-, tWv tide was still how baeb ky . the slrowghf late of wVnie set tlement, althou-gb own ttkev kea-s t rock lee-fore H. Asd African atiali-s-s suffered eae of their biggest disa-p-psintmeH'ts to date when in dependence tn the Belgian Congo disintegrated into chaos, internal conflict and foreign intervention.' ; Yet i960 closed with 24 in dependent states on the conti nent of Africa and the big island of Madagascar-now the Republic of Malagasy-off the southeast coast. This figure includes the Union of South Africa as well as the United Arab Republic, whose biggest .'part, Egypt, is in Africa. It also includes the Belgian Congo-nominally independent since July 1, but with its bat ;tle for real independence still to be won. The beginning of 1961 saw four more territories on the verge of independence - the British colony of Sierra Leone, with independence promised on April 27; the two French territories of Upper Volta and Gabon, whose full independence appears to have been delayed by decision of their own governments, and the British trust territory of Tanganyika, which achieved internal self-government last year. When 1960 dawned, Africa .had .only 10 independent states. It was a year of great po litical advance for Africa, al though it left struggles for independence o f different kinds and intensity still rag ,ing in Algeria and the Congo, throughout British East ' Af rica and against white settler 'domination in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland the Union of South Africa and Southwest Africa, mandated to the' Union after it was seized from Germany at the .end of World War I. These political conflicts are enough to ensure that Africa .viU continue to be one of the world's storm centers in 1961 But a still more difficult future problem for Africa and for the outside world-partic- ularlv the West in its rela tions with Africa-was fore shadowed in February of last year at the Pan-African Peo ple's Conference in Tunis. The emphasis at that con ferenre was on "neo-colonial- ism." By that term the dele gates meant the retention by European powers of economic control of African territories even after those territories achieved political independ- anpfi "Neo - colonialism" is the wrnne term for this pnenom- enon, since it actually is the form of colonialism. European powers exploited African territories and their peoples economically before Russian Schooner Used for Survey Australia (Science Service) - Russian scientists aboard the three - masted wooden survey schooner Zar ja have recharted magnetic maps of the Indian ana nv Information obtained from the ship is now being written into new charts now being prepared in Moscow and Len ingrad. The work is expected to affect ships' navigation on all the oceans of the world. Annti,nr rfisrnvrrv was that of a new pattern in the earth's magnetic forces wnicn cuaiiB each year. The vessel has sailed 9, nnn miinc since it began sur vey work eight years ago. It is now engaged in a survey of the South Pacific Ocean ing Weight ail Normal Led limed they annexed them politically. Despite criticisms, the prob lem of economic colonialism is at least as vital to Africa as the problenwif political imperialism. The experience of Liberia and Eth'Opia has shown that political independ ence is of little or no benefit to the mass of the African people as long as a country's main resources are channeled out into foreign markets in stead of boi-ng used for that country's own economic development.- Liberia and Ethiopia have been independent longer tjan any other African territories yet the poverty and illiteracy of their peopV is remarkable even for Africa. Experts say that one of the cai$es of the increasing rural poverty and deterioration of African land is that the soil is starved of phosphates. But, African nationalists point out, Africa produces nearly one third of the world's phos phates, nearly 90 per cent of which is exported to enrich the soil of Europe and Amer ica. The nationalists add that, Africa has by far the biggest deposits of iron ore in the world-more than twice those of the U.S. and Canadapfour times those of all Asia"and six times those of all Europe excluding the Soviet Union. Yet, the nationalists point out, Africa has virtually no heavy industry or engineering outside the Union of South frica. Among endless other "ex amples of economic colonial-1 ism," tho. nationalists point out thaMs'orthern Rhodesia is the world's thir largest producer of copper, yet she has no industry for the pro cessing of copper. And, they add, American and European firms are prepared to invest huge sums for the extraction of aluminum Aim Africa, but Africa has had a hard fight to persuade private iprise to take any interest In Ciena's plan to develop a big afwninum industry on the Volta river. So the West must expect demands in 1961 that firms which extract minerals or other raw materials in Africa must help to develop indus tries to process thos mate rials in Africa, and must help to devip the heavy Indus try and engineering base for real African industrialization and economic independencO African nationalists still arc almost unanimous in their hope this type of invest ment from the West. And they are now making it clear that, if the West docs not yrtvide it, th 'J1 it tarn tab Com Children Who Eat Breakfast do Better East Lansing, Mich. WPD -Breakfast-eating children are likely to do better in school than those who skip the early morning meal before going to school. Home economists at Michi gan State University say chil dren who do not eat break fast often are less interested in their studies and learn less ily than when they eat a breakfast. ... .,--! o.o. New IDTK lociente ociv iSO - A resolution important to make and keep is one con cerning overweight, which overworks the heart. The American Heart associ ation here suggests adopting the following New Years resolution: "Resolved, that during 1961 I will do every thing within my power to keep my weight at a reason ably normal level as a means of safeguarding my heart and my health." Insurance companies statis tics show a significantly higher death rate for men who are overweight than for men of average or less than average weight. Overweight women are also affected but lei seriously. - u wmm mMAY am fiiiimiw motes Tiifrraii ffitMsm mm 22? mmsi ffhanfl gtel fflrt? QBoblid Qirib JiL I w , I Stoto CEMto SBL . f lATlrJd.l. ENTIRE OUTPUT k k ( 'IdiMfJ J iTl I 9 3295 to 10295 IFF! SHE n 111. dfSraro f,f Not 1960 cIoMOutt, end of the line, one-of-a-kind, hopworn or floor mod els, bat . ALL NEW 1961 GENUINE HARMONY HOUSE QUALITY .....AT REDUCED PRICES! irs SO EASY TO SHOP AT SEARS AND SAVE! 3295 to '10295 IFF! jijjjglwtjj Mecliners! Swivel Mockers! Fntire Stock Meduced! t J 4tfl n T rr- ' ,'! V iJUK'Jt 11 I nam mriiira i- '.mum pane i&sjrssssis' r 501 EAST JACKSON - SP 3-6661 OPtN MONDAY AND FRIDAY 'TIL 9 P.M. FP.il PARKING JJ o O
