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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 20, 1960)
Jg TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20, 1960 MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFOHD, ORE, , AFL-CIO Chief Convinced Migrant Farm Workers Can Be Organized Union Invests Over $300,000 In Experiment By A. ROBERT SMITH Mail Tribune Washington Correspondent Washington After nearly two years of efforts to orga nize migrant farm workers on the Pacific Coast, the AFL - CIO is that it can be j done-and mat in luiure years workers i m l g rating to Oregon will be mem b e r s of that large union. This, at least, is the esti mate of a chief union orga nizer, Franz Daniel, who has spent a good deal of time in California supervising the campaign to make dues-pay ing union members out of American not M e x i c a n farm workers. "This has been pretty much an experiment, and the prob lems are huge," said Daniel. "But we have demonstrated that it can be done." Reportedly; the AFL-CIO has thus far invested- over $300,000 in this experiment. The growth of the member ship in the Agricultural Workers Organizing Com mittee, as the farm union is called, has been slow. Daniel won't reveal the number of union members, but reported ly it is less than 4,000. The whole program comes up for review by top union officials early in January, but Daniel is convinced it will be continued. Originally it was started as a two-year experi ment, he said. , The union has no plans for sending organizers into Ore gon, he said. They will con tinue to restrict their cam paign to California. "California is the giant," said Daniel. "If we can do it in California, we can do it anywhere else. California is their base. From there they move out into Oregon, Wash ington, Idaho, Utah and other states." Daniel said the fundamen tal problem has yet to be solved how to run a union composed of agricultural workers who are transient. This is where the experimen tation takes place. Each work er has his dues book, and a shop Stewart moves with them as they migrate, to dif ferent areas. Major Struggle In California there has been a major struggle be tween the large growers who rely heavily upon migratory labor and the union, but lit tle violence. Daniel says one mark of preliminary success is that farm wages in the nine agricultural counties of Cali fornia in which they are or ganizing increased $12 mil lion this past year. These wage rates are set by the Cali fornia Department of Labor. As an example, he said the rate for tomatoes went up from 12c to 17c per box. Living conditions have not improved generally, he said, which is one of the union's chief complaints. Legislation is needed in this area, he said. Daniel spoke highly of the higher conditions of migrant workers in Oregon than in other states. He noted that most of Oregon does not use Mexican labor. Opposed To Mexicans The union is opposed to the continued use of Mexicans, as is allowed under public law 78, as supervised by the Labor Department. That law expires next June, but the union does not intend to urge its immediate repeal, said the union official. "We think a five-year phasing-out period would be rea sonable," Daniel observed. He claimed the large farm operators use Mexicans to keep the wage rates low. When asked if there would be sufficient domestic mi grant workers If the Mexi cans were excluded, .Daniel said where would be if wages were raised. The union's long term aim, then, is to stop the Mexican labor program, organize most of the American migrant workers and get their wages raised so that more persons will go into the harvest fields, then get their living condi tions improved, from housing to education for their children. The forest area of the Unit ed States, exclusive of Alaska, is larger than the combined areas of France, Germany, Norway, Italy, Sweden, Bel gium and the entire Netherlands. . The death rate among the owners of 95 million ordinary life insurance policies in tha United States was 598.8 per 100,000 in 1959, compared with 602.5 in 1958. Acme Office Machines 1949 W. Main - SP 3-7964 "Open me fpjWorlds TAround By Lynn M. Watkins FABULOUS 1961 MODELS EASY TO USE ALL TAKE PICTURES IN COLOR OR BLACK AND WHITE All Lower Animals Are Chained to Identical Behavior Step by planned step she followed the prescribed be havior pattern of her kind. Each instinctive action trig gered the next in ordered se quence. She couldn't help her self. It was ordained that she should gather a drop of water at the tiny roadside puddle. that she should chew the bark from the dead tree limb, that she should mix it with saliva from her mouth, and plaster the plastic material on the rafter of the old barn. She didn't even know at the time, that as soon as the mud- crypt was made, another in stinct would compel her to deposit an egg and seal up the capsule. She didn t know why she left an opening in one end, or that she would have to seal it over later. Compelling Compulsion Like all her countless wasp ancestors she, too, was chain ed to their identical behavior pattern. Each and every crea ture, wasp, worm, bird, rep tile, mammal, or fish, all chained by this same com pelling compulsion; the abso lute necessity of doing only what their ancestors did, all following an inborn pattern of activity. Man remembers things by an association of ideas. Lower animals accomplish acts and performances by an associa tion of instincts. One action follows another in regular se quence. Interrupt the chain anywhere and the poor dope will have to begin all over again, right from the beginning. Once the "thread" is brok en there can be no continua tion; a new start must be made. This has prevented the creature from rising above its environment. H seems that it is not even necessary for an animal even to have a brain, but still they have inborn in them all the instinctive behavior pattern typical to their kind. There is plenty of "room " in the brain of an elephant or a horse to store a fund of information but these animals know no more than a mouse or a shrew whose bruins are smaller than an aspirin tablet. Golf Ball Siie Brain A crocodile which can weigh a thousand pounds has a brain no larger than a golf ball, and of course the actions of the big jerk show It. He could hardly be credited with possessing instincts, yet he has them. The brain of an ant is so liny it cannot be seen without a microscope, yet retained in 11 somehow are all the in stincts of all its countless gen erations of ancestors. It would seem that instincts or emo tions do not occupy any room at all. 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