TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1960
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, OREGON
Latest Study Prog ress
On Pear Decline Reported
By JOE COWLEY
Mail Tribune Farm Editor
A group of horticultural de
tectives led by Prof. Henry
Hartmnn and County Horti
cultural Agent Clifford B. Cor
dy hove tracked pear decline
down to two general types:
graft union, and that caused
by cultural and environment
al factors.
To do so they had to learn
what pear tree rootstocks are
grown in the Rogue valley
and what types of decline af
fect what rootstocks more
than others. This meant long
hours pouring over records
and correspondence of Prof.
F. C. Reimer, former head of
the Southern Oregon Branch
experiment station. Professor
Reimer wrote extensively to
California and Oregon grow
ers to learn types of root-
stocks being planted.
, Basis for much of this re
search were records complied
by a WPA crew in 1936 under
the close supervision of the
county horticultural agent.
"Then I felt that such rec
ords were vital since many of
the valley's pear tree plant
ings were still fresh in peo
ples' minds," Cordy said.
"This study established the
range in ages of trees in most
valley orchards," Cordy said.
Oriental Stock Studied
Much of the pear decline
trouble seems to be in Orient
al rootstocks. The researchers
learned that no seed of orient
als was available until It was
brought in about 1919. Then
It was not grown into nursery
stock until 1921.
"We have learned 'Jap'
rootstock was planted after
1921. Then Ussuriensis or Cal
lcryana was planted here in
the mid-20s to the late 20s,"
Cordy said. "The chief con
fusion in Identification of root
stocks Is between the Serotlna
or 'Jap' rootstock."
Rootstock identification is a
small and specialized corner
-of the science of horticulture.
Few men have the skill arid
background to make success
ful identification. Three of
these people are Professor
Reimer, dean of this science,
Cordy and Hartman. Each is
well versed in a particular
section of this identification:
"Graft union decline ap
pears to be Infectious al
though this has not been fully
established," Professor - Hart
man explained. "Graft union
decline is definitely associated
with specific rootstocks."
It is very sever on trees
with Serotina or "Jap" roots.
The acreage of trees an this
rootstock in tho Rogue vnlley
is small. It's very severe also
on weak strains of Ussurien
sis. The acreage of trees on
this type of Ussuriensis in
this area is also very small.
Such graft union decline ap
pears to be only moderately
severe among the vigorous
Ussuriensis variety here.
Old Home Free
"Trees with Old Home
' trunks are free of graft union
decline provided the Old
Home is well established on
its own roots," Hartman point
ed out. "Trees on Calleryana
roots are generally free of
graft union decline at the
present time.'
This Old Home intcrslock
was not brought here until
1912 from Illinois. This inter-
stock was ' not widely used
until the early 1920s. One of
the Old Home trees planted
Figure It out. The aver
age family doctor bill is
only J66 a year. Three
520 pcrmanenti plus a
few sessions at the beau
lyparlorcostnlot more.
One reason for medical
costs staying so low is
modern drugs and pre
scriptions. Health h Priceless,
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Open 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Dally
CLOSED SUNDAYS
d&f Green Stamps
CONVENIENT LOCATION
MAIN and CENTRAL
costs iwtken,
Ml
here by Professor Reimer is
located at the old headquar
ters of the Southern Oregon
Experiment stntlon on the
South Pacific highway just
south of Phoenix. It is the
only known survivor of the
trees Imported by Reimer.
Reimer was looking for a
variety which would be blight
resistant. This disease took
large blocks of pear trees out
of production in the early
1900s. He found Old Home
was blight resistant. This
variety was originally free of
the "measles" affecting Cali
fornia trees which have a com
bination of Old Home and
another variety. .
This "measles" is indicated
by pock marks in the tree
wood, according to Cordy.
The horticultural agent suid
researchers would have to
study the history of- such or
chard replants to learn the
precise cause. However, he
feels the trouble has been
brought to the Old Home root
stock by the replants on it
"We feel the bulk of Old
Home in this area are
'measles-free' and any wood
taken from them is also free,
Cordy said. "Growers who are
planting trees should be cer
tain that trees on Old Home
interstock or rooted cuttings
are from measles - free
sources." v
Affects French Stock
Cultural decline seems to
affect French rootstock more
than other types, Professor
Hartman said.
"A very large percentage of
the trees in this type of de
cline are apparently deterior
ating because of a rotted con
dition of the main root sys
tem," Hartman said. "This
form of decline definitely fol
lows a water puttern. . Soil
fungus organisms may play a
part in this form of decline
but excess wetness appears to
be the primary cause of the
trouble."
Of the other factors adding
to the cultural decline "a
fairly large percentage of the
trees in this category
obviously are going out as the
result of old blight infections
in the trunks and roots.
"One of the major factors
contributing to decline is ex
cessive use of certain- types of
fertilizer, Cordy said. "How
ever, since this was discover
ed it has been largely correct
ed by a change in fertilizer
In practices."
' Other causes of the cultural
form of decline appear to be
rodent' injury, poor oil con
ditions and crown gall infec
tions. . i
Hartman appeared on a
pear decline panel which
Included Clifford B. Cordy,
Jackson county horticultural
agent as moderator; C. G.
Woodbrldge, Washington
Slate University horticultur
ist; Dick Betholl, Placervillc,
Calif., farm advisor; Thomns
A. Shalla, plant pathologist,
University of California; and
Ron Cameron, OSC plant pa
thologist at the annual horti
cultural society meeting Nov.
17.
Cameron discussed fungus
organism which may work In
roots of trees and said he was
not able to consistently re
gain it.
Lists Conditions
He noted two, and possibly
three, conditions causing
symptoms classified as pear
decline: (1) death of numer
ous and often large roots, (2)
phloem-necrosis at the graft
union generally attributed to
a virus, (3) poor cultural prac
tices due primarily to im
proper handling of water.
(This may he related to the
first condition, he snld.)
Total number of trees af
fected by dead roots In the
Rogue River valley is un
known but it is guessed at
140,000 trees. Above ground
symptoms are similar to oth
er types of decline and below
ground symptoms cannot be
confirmed without removing
the tree, he explained
"This problem differs from
the phloem-necrosis decline
or graft union disorder In
that (1) there is no visible
phloem damage at the graft
union, (2) starch content of
the remaining roots Is exceed
ingly high and apparently
causes excessive camblal nc-
tlvlty especially In produc
tion of phloem, and (3) trees
may recover If conditions in
tho root area are favorably
changed, (4) a rather high per
centage of the trees involved
nre on French roots and H)
80 to 90 per cent of a tree's
roots are dead, according io
the plant pathologist,
, Graft union and root symp
toms are quite different, Cam
eron pointed out: (1) There
Is usually a brown line at the
graft union thai Is the conse
quence of phloem necrosis,
(2) because of the degonora
tlon of the sieve tubes, carbo
hydrates do not move Into the
roots and the starch content
of the roots Is low. Inability
of carbohydrates to move
across the graft union some
times causes an increase in
phloem growth above the un
ion, (3) no clear cut cases of
tree recovery are known, (J)
a high percentage of the
trees with this typo of decline
are on oriental roots, and (5)
only the very fine feeder
roots are dead or lacking.
Third Type Explained
"The third type of decline
Is related to cultural prac
tices and is more properly
handled in the soils and hor
ticulture departments," Cam
eron said. "It is to be expected
as cultural practices affect
the soil environment they
will also affect both disease
potential and symptoms, and
cooperation should continue
between plant pathology and
other departments concerned
with the over-all pear decline
problem."
550 More Acres of
Ragweed Found
By Weed Sprayers
Salem - An estimated 11,
400 acres with ragweed infes
tation have been labeled "con-
trolled" bv SDravers from theuu"' l"B L"UU1 Ju,,l;" f'"S"""s. iiwnaira a iiui-awy cuuiu
troiiee, Dy sprayers from ine,a,so take advantage of the ..free scnool lunch program A
ragweed control program, ac
cording to report from the
stale department of agricul
ture. This is 1,100 acres more
than was sprayed in 1959.
Several new infestations
were located this year, accord
ing to the report: Five in Jo
sephine county, two in Polk
county, three in Marion coun
ty and one in Clackamas coun
ty in southeast Portland.
These total about S50 acres.
Pollen trapping stations
were set up at several loca
tions in the control area. The
American Academy of Aller
gy reported, as of Oct. 12, the
Portland area had a zero pol
len count of ragweed for the
entire season. Reading of
slides from other areas has
not been completed.
Primary Purpose
The primary purpose of the
ragweed program is to reduce
the pollen and seed count
as much as possible. Soil sam
pling of known infested fields
was started in 1959. Seed pop
ulation counts are determined
by washing samples through
a series of screens and retain
ing the ragweed seed. On the
soil samples in 19(10, an ap
parent seed population reduc
tion in each sample was found.
Infestation Is checked .as
soon as it Is reported. There
continues to be some confu
sion, - say officials, between
lunsy ragwort and ragweed,
although the plants are not at
all alike. Tansy ragwort is a
biennial which rosettes the
first year and at that time
has a "growth habit somewhat
like the dandelion. The sec
ond year it grows upright
about 30 inches and has largo
yellow flowers about the size
of a quarter.
Ragweed is of two types,
annuul and pcrenniul, which
arc difficult to differentiate.
Ragweed has many green
flowers about the size of a
mutch head, growing in a
"spike." The tiny flowers are
a faint yellow in the pollen
stage. The height varies from
six inches to six feet. Rag
weed tends to travel much
more than ragwort.
ASC Recommends
Adequate Records
By GENE WINTERS
County Agent '
Chairman Albert Straus of
the Jackson County Agricul
tural Stabilization and Con
servation committee today re
minded wool growers who
marketed unshorn lambs this
fall of the importance of keep
Ing adequate records of their
sales. These records are need
ed next spring for use In ap
plying for payments under the
wool program,
"I want to urge strongly,"
Mr. Straus said, "that growers
get these fall sales records to
gether now and either keep
them in a safe place at home
or file them at the county
ASC office. Applications for
payments on 1960-61 market
ings must be filed by the end
of next April, and may be
filed any time before then."
The sales record for lambs
sold must Include the mime
of the buyer, his signature,
and the number of llveweight
lambs sold, plus the descrip
tion "unshorn." To encoi...ige
the customary practice of sell
ing lambs with the wool on,
lamb payments are made only
on lambs that have never
boon shorn.
County Agent Earle Jossy
reported 380 lambs were ship
ped out last week in the Jack
son county lamb pool. Half of
these were feeders. The feed
ers were shipped to Dixon and
the fat lambs to San Fran
cisco. Due to shortage of sup
ply there probably won't be
any . more lamb pools for
awhile, Jossy said.
Italy's "autostrada," which
was opened in 1925, was the
world's first expressway lo
separate fast, long-distance
traffic from local traffic,
CHIT CHAT
By )Ot COWLEY
Mall Tribune arm Editor
"Well, did you see all the smoke going up all over the
valley?" This question from our number one pear industry
pulse-taker. "Didn't you see that Edward R. Murrow show
Friday night on migrant labor?"
Yes, we saw it. We thought it portrayed some extreme
examples of migrant labor poverty although we do admit
something must be done about the overall situation. So far
we haven't heard much of a fuss from pear row. This must
mean that more people don't get their news from KBES-TV
than from any other single source In this area. This program
was also announced during the panel talks on "Labor Un
ions and Seasonal Agricultural Labor" at the hort society
meeting in Corvallls on Nov.
inaustry didn t put on a
mediately after the show to
One of the women at the office was greatly disturbed
by the show and thought something should be done to cor
rect the situation immediately. She indicated the burden for
corrective action should be on the community. Interestingly
enough, she reported she was greatly outnumbered by those
at the plant who opposed her views. We know it was a big
topic of discussion at our little church in the. heart of the
fruit country here. Since these
are naturally prejudiced. Their general comments on the
"Harvest of Shame were, "It
like a cheapskate!"
If the church people 61 this
of the picture, they can do one
es could unite and provide a
children. The government provides surplus agricultural prod-
second-hand clothing depot
As for housing, unde new state laws sanitarians are
required to inspect njigrant labor housing, sanitation and
drinking water facilities. The report for this area was "gen
erally pretty good." This past season only a preliminary
check was made and violations pointed out to growers. En
forcement will come next year for health authorities know
you can't force any program down the throats of the people
involved. . ,
We haven't seen all the farm labor housing in this area,
but what we have seen is neat and sanitary. We do know
that in a few cases there is room for much improvement.
One of the large orchards moved in some fairly large family
type houses for pickers this season and it cost them good
money to do it. Strangely enough we didn't get this infor
mation from the pear industry which should announce such
good examples.
Now for the health of the migrant workers ... In Cali
fornia where the Agricultural Workers Organizing commit
tee started their drive the past season, growers have vol
untarily financed a health survey of migrant workers and
their families and plan to finance mobile health units to
care for these people. Due to the everchanging tide of migrant
labor it is difficult to follow up health cases. They're only
here two months at the most. However, two years ago a
Jackson county public health team did survey the pickers
and found almost ail of them had had their immunization
shots and basic health care, probably received in California
where the picking season is
At to transportation of migrant workers . . , Oregon
has a new law with stringent regulations governing farm
labor transports. Such regulations apply to seating, safety
devices and overall condition of the vehicle. There are also
strict regulations on picking crew leaders, but we don't have
those here. We don't use child labor here, either, unless you
can classify the few local teen-agers used as child labor.
Necessity to constantly move heavy ladders makes use of
child labor impractical as pearmen have pointed out.
As for education ... A recent report on a summer school
for migrant children in the
"very successful. Since this gives the migrant children a
chance to catch up on their much-needed schooling this might
spread to other areas.
The John Zuckerman, who1
panel at OSC and on the TV show, is a grower from Stockton,
Calif, and owns 700 or more acres.ypart of which is in the
Klamath Falls area. He is vice president of the Council of
California Growers. There are
in the hort society panel discussion on farm labor which we
had to leave out due to lack
Norman Smith, director of the AWOC, opened with the
remarks that, "Agricultural workers are the poorest paid,
most under-privileged, worst treated people in the United
States today. Simple human justice demands these people
be allowed to raise themselves to the same level of standards
other Americans enjoy. Wo feel the best way to do this is
to bargain. Farmers have many labor problems. Organiza
tion of the labor force will solve some of these. We will stay
with the job until it is done in every state in the Union."
Zuckerman said, "Actual field' work in California has
been conducted by Smith. No California farmer asked them
lo come. They are dedicated to securing union dues and not
higher wages for farm workers."
"The average wage of tho California farm workers was
$1.15 an hour plus welfare programs such as housing, trans
portation, etc. AWOC is in California because the way has
been prepared for them and because the higher wages paid
the workers there permit them to ay dues."
"The success of AWOC in California is unknown be
cause Smith and his co-workers refuse to divulge figures.
Those workers we know who have affiliated so far are the
unfortunate, skid-row type who are expecting something
for nothing." '
"In spite of union claims they have not raised wages In
California. On Feb. 15, 1959 Dclmar Byrd, union operator,
staled he obtained SI. 15 per hour. Wages have not changed
since. Their (the union's) chief effect has been harrassment
of farmers."
Questions and answers from the floor from all types of
farmers pointed out that the union's "only purpose is to
raise living standards of agriculture laborers." AWOC does
not guarantee a labor force.
Smith defined a family farm "In the terms of the bank
ers" as where the farmer does not employ more than one
full-time hired man. The operation is carried on by mem
bers of the family except during peak seasons.
Regarding children, Smith replied, "We have no inten
tion of organizing children. We do not object to them work
ing during peak seasons."
Near the end, Smith said, "I am not a dictator, but I
do believe in bargaining. 1 cannot tell you what would be
a fair increase in wages I do not know the facts. I do not
know what the farmer can pay."
A few comments on the TV show More states than those
mentioned are honestly trying to correct abuses. Edward
R. Morrow was raised in the state of Washington where
much of tho housing near strawberry fields looked like pig
hutches last time we were there. One prominent pear grower
was surprised that his is a national problem.
, . ., . , The agricultural research
Hie Agriculture Research , publk.ation statcs ,f le
service reports that 25,312,-1 trend toward larger milking
672 tons of fertilizer was con-j herds Is accelerated, it is con
sumed in the United Slates celvable that in a few years
In the year ended June 30,
1959. The fertilizer compris
ed 24,089,468 tons of produces
containing one or more of the
primary nutrients and 1,223.
204 Ions of secondary and
trace nutrient materials.
17. We're surprised the pear-
program either before or im
counteract its obvious effects.
people are fruitgrowers theyv
sure makes the farmer look
area feel aroused as a result
thing about it. All the church
nursery with hot meals for the
might be set up, also.
longer.
Willamette valley area rated it
appeared on the farm labor
a number of things Included
of time and space.
less than 200,000 dairy farm
ers may be able to supply the
milk needed in the United
States.
The 1954 census of agricul
ture shows that there were
about 850,000 farms from
which milk was sold.
Egg Men Toi
Of Organization
About 12 Rogue Valley egg
producers, which pretty well
represents commercial pro
ducers in this area, attended
a promotional meeting of the
Independent Egg Dealers as
sociation a week ago.
Although most of the mem
bers of this year-old organ
ization live in the Willamette
valley, center of the state's
egg production, the associa
tion is trying to draw more
commercial operators from
this area. Aim of the new
Oregon Corn
Show Scheduled
For December 2-3
Corvallis - Tall fields of
corn are becoming a common
sight in Oregon, with produc
tion of this crop expected to
establish new records in the
state this year. This is setting
the stage for one of the best
state corn shows in history,
reports Don Brewer, exten
sion certification specialist at
Oregon State college.
The 19th annual Oregon
State Corn Show will be held
Dec. 2 and 3 at the Clacka
mas County fairgrounds in
Canby, Brewer said. It will
be open to the public Friday
noon.
Main features of the show
will be the hybrid corn yield
contest, 10-ear exhibits, and
a judging contest of 10 class
es of crn. In addition, there
will be a soft corn and hay
exhibit, and FFA chapter ex
hibits. The main events are divid
ed into adult, 4-H, and FFA
classes. Winners are awarded
plaques and cash prizes by
the state corn show commit
tee. Rules Given
Adults entering the vield
contest must haVe five acres
of corn sampled for yield de
termination. FFA and 4-H
members entering the contest
must have one acre sampled.
Anyone planning to enter the
contest should contact the
county extension agent im
mediately, Brewer said.
The state is divided into
two districts - west and east
- for the yield contest, Brew
er added. The western dis
trict is also divided into Irri
gated and non-irrigated class
es. Last year's winner in the
yield contest was Douglas Du
Puis, Hermiston, with an aver
age yield of 169.1 bushels per
acre. Highest yield so far in
the show was an entry In 1953
by Ronald Larson, Hermis
ton, of 204.3 bushels per acre.
Exhibitors in the 10-ear
class must have their exhibits
at the fairgrounds by noon on
Dec. 1. In some counties, ex
tension agents are making ar
rangements to transport ex
hibits to the show, Brewer
noted.
By JOHN McLOUGHLIN
County Extension Agent
MOWER CARE
Be-fore putting the lawn
mower into winter storage a
fall maintenance program is
advisable. Keeping your mow
er in good condition will lead
to better performance and
will extend the life of the
mower.
Remove all grass and leaves
from wheels, sprockets, reels
and blades. Clean the mower
of all accumulated dust and
dirt.
Check the blade or cutter
bar for sharpness. A sharp
blade is important for good
lawn appearance and makes
mowing a lot easier. Dull
blades will pull the grass
rather than cut it. This causes
browning of the turf.
Adjust the cutting units for
rotory and reel type mowers.
To check the reel type hbld
a piece of paper between the
knife blade and the reel and
slowly turn the reel by hand.
Each reel blade should cut
the paper along the entire
knife blade. Adjustments are
located on the mower to regu
late this.
Power mower owners
should change the crankcasc
oil and clean and refill the
oil bath filter on the carbu
retor. This will help to avoid
wear on the piston ring and
connecting rod. The spark
plug should be cleaned or re
placed. Be sure the gap is
set at the recommended
width. '
Before using the mower
next spring make sure all the
nuts, bolts, and screws are
tight. The mower should be
oiled periodically throughout
the season at the indicated
points,
PHILODENDRONS
No matter how well phi
lodendrons arc eared for they
seem to drop their lower
loaves as they advance in age.
When they lose these leaves
and start to grow out of con
group is to convince distribu
tors and consumers that their
best buy is Oregon farm-fresh,
high quality eggs as promoted
by the association. Chris Moss,
Cottage Grove, and Ray Holt,
Corvallis, explained the as
sociation program to those
poultrymen attending the
meeting In the county court
house on Monday, Nov. ' 14.
"Our aim is to make this
an effective organization to
meet the needs of and be re
sponsible to the egg produ
cers of Oregon yet help them
to maintain their independent
status," the growers were
told. "A central office in Eu
gene will coordinate the op
eration and help the producer
to maintain his demand. Prob
lems will be solved as they
arise."
To Coordinate Operations
The central office will keep
the egg producers informed
as to market conditions and
through coordination help
eliminate egg surpluses and
shortages, it was explained.
Association seals are available
to members on approval of
their applications for this
high quality designation, the
board members explained.
This seal applies to Double
A quality or better and can
be used on egg cartons con
taining only top quality eggs,
it was explained. These seals
have been used in the Rogue
valley for about two months
and a number of egg pro
ducers in the Willamette val
ley have been using them.
A local producer explained
that, basically, low prices last
year forced a number of peo
ple out and many didn't re
plenish their laying flocks. As
a result of a somewhat short
market, egg prices have been
following a general upward
trend since July. According to
Friday s Portland market quo
tations Double A large eggs
are bringing farmers 44-90V&
cents. The price to retailers
per carton is 56 to 62 cents
for double A large. This rep
resents quite a spread, 6 cents
between the inside and out
side of the market.
Jackson county has' about
15 commercial egg producers
and quite a few "back yard
producers," a local poultry
man noted.
Division Sets Meet
For Foods Staff Men
Salem - Semi-annual staff
conference of the Division of
Foods and Dairies, of the
State Department of Agricul
ture, will be held at the Sa
lem offices on Nov. 29-30.
Main purpose of these con
ferences is to acquaint and
re-acquaint personnel with
the dairy laws and the en
forcement of these laws. The
department wants uniformity
in observance of these rules.
This year, according to di
vision chief O. K. Beals, the
group will also discuss work
plans. These would be pro
grams which would help the
individual plan his work time
in the most effective man
ner. trol it is best ,to start new
plants.
Philodendrons are easily
propagated by bud cuttings.
Cut the stem VI inch below
the node and place the cutting
in a flat or pot filled with a
light soil or other rooting
media. The cutting is set V4
inch deep. Leave any aerial
roots that have developed on
the stem as these will turn
to terrestrial roots when ir
contact with the soil.
Keep the cuttings in a hu
mid atmosphere free of direct
sunlight. A piece of plastic
wrapped around so as to en
close the propagating area
will help keep the atmosphere
humid.
When roots have developed
and reached inch in length
transplant to a soil mixture
high in organic, matter. Phi
lodendrons are heavy feeders.
Last of Grimms'
Works Published
Bonn. Germany - IUPD - The
Brothers Grimm are best
known for their fairy tales,
but they also started some
thing much longer - so long,
in fact, that the last sections
just went into print this sum
mer. The monumental work is
the "Deutsches Woerterbuch,"
the most voluminous diction
ary of the German language
ever written. The dictionary
traces the development of the
German language from its be
ginning and represents an un
rivaled Source of information
for philologists.
The brothers Jacob and Wil
helm Grimm began compiling
the dictionary at the sugges
tion of a Leipzig publishing
house in 1838, hoping to com
plete it within a few years.
However, by the time the last
surviving brother, Jacob, died
Demonstration Set
On Tree Pruning
A discussion and demon
stration of peach tree prun
ing will be held this Wed
nesday, Nov. , 30. at 1:30
p.m. on the Curtis Stockstill
farm.
The Stockstill ferm is Vi
mile west of Phoenix on
Fourth St. and Houston rd.
Anyone having peaches
or an interest in pruning is
invited to attend and share
his ideas and problems with
the group.
Sale of Unmarked
And Unlit Cull
Potatoes Ha
Salem A warning to any
one who tries to sell cull po
tatoes without properly mark
ing them as culls is contain
ed in an incident reported by
the state department of agri
culture.
Potatoes purchased in anoth
er state by an Oregon produce
dealer were resorted and the
culls placed in unlabeled
turned and used sacks and
sold to another produce deal
er. Oregon law requires cull
potatoes to be plainly mark
ed with letters two-inches
high if offered for the con
sumer trade. Or they may be
sold as livestock feed to live
stock feeders only without the
cull marking.
In the recent incident, some
of the potatoes were sold at
No. 1 and No. 2 prices to
restaurants, produce stands
and individuals in southwest
Oregon. Sales in Oregon were
slow, so attempt was made to
get part of the lot into Cali
fornia. The border station re
jected the lot as Having
"about 90 per cent soft rot".
Attempt Made
Undismayed, another sales
attempt was made, this time
in southern Oregon. Here a
restaurant operator' urged in-spection-by
the State Depart
ment pf Agriculture. The de
partment found the lot unfit
for human consumption and
ordered immediate "dump
ing". Part of the original lot
held in another section of the
state was inspected with a
plus "75 per cent soft rot"
verdict. These potatoes were
dumped under department su
pervision. Instead of filing complaint
against the dealer, the depart
ment directed, in what is be
lieved to be the best interest
of the innocent purchaser, that
the dealer pick up all potatoes
sold and return the full pur
chase price, with refund re
cepits to be submitted to the
department. ,
Sixty Herds Said
Quarsrlned Now
Salem-Over 60 herds on
Oregon farms are now under
quarantine for Brucellosis, ac
cording to report from the
State Department of Agricul
ture, a new low since the start
of the statewide eradication
program in 1955.
in eastern Oregon 45 herds
were quarantined and in west
ern Oregon, 18 herds.
Tuberculosis tests this year
brought seven herds under
quarantine in eastern Oregon
and nine in western Oregon.
. According to statistics for
the month of October over
12,000 cattle have been test
ed for brucellosis. Out of this
came 40 reactors. Over 5,000
calves were vaccinated for
the disease. For tuberculosis
over 3000 cattle were tested
and 17 reactors found.
New Brand Rubs
Now in Effect
Salem-Effective since No
vember 5 are new regulations
on location of brands or
horses, mules and cattle, ac
cording to report from the
State Department of Agricul
ture.
ine new regulations say
that brands on cat '.'e can only
be used or placed in the fol
lowing locations: right hip.
right flank, right rib, right
shoulder, right neck; left hip,
left flank, left rib, left shoul
der, left neck. Neck and flank
locations are new.
Brands on horses and mules
must be placed on: the right
hip, right stifle, right shoul
der, right neck, riaht jaw; left
hip, left stifle, left shoulder
left neck, left jaw.
Neck, jaw and stifle loca
tions are new for horses and
mules.
in 18G3. the work had only
reached the letter "F."
For the next 30 years, it was
almost impossible to find
scholars qualified and willing
to work on the dictionary.
In 1908. the Prussian Acad
emy of Science undertook the
task. Interrupted by both
World Wars, it was finally fin
ished last summer by scholars
from both West and Com
munist East Germany.
Cookie Baking
Suggestions Given
By LEE SHEEHAN
Home Economics Agent
Save time, money and food
by using the right baking
equipment for your holiday
se,ason preparation. Shiny
metal surfaces on baking uten
sils insure picture-perfect
products as they come from
the oven. Shiny surfaces givo
even browning results, while
dark pans cause too much
browning on the bottom.
If you don't have a cooky
sheet, invert a large bright
metal pan and bake the cook
ies on the bottom. Don't use
the pan right side up, as the
high sides shield the heat
from the cookies and prevent
browning. You can use alumi
num foil for cooky baking
by cutting it to n"--" about
l'j inches of sp each
side and the ends laced
on the oven rack. This gives
even circulation of heat so
the cookies bake evenly.
In most ovens, results ara
better if you bake one pan
of cookies at a time on a
rack placed in the center po
sition in the oven. When two
sheets are baked simultan
eously, the bottom pan cuts
off some of the heat circula
tion from the top rack. This
can be partially corrected by
switching the position of the
pans about midway during
the baking time.
Cheek your oven to make
certain it is level. Many floors
sag making the oven higher
in the back. The temper;., .iro
on the high side will be hot
ter than on the low side. This
is easily corrected by placing
thin strips of wood under tho
low side. Many new ranges
have leveling screws in the
base for this adjustment.
JoneJ Hill To Attend
Meeting in Las Vegas
Salem -UIPD- Public Utility
Commissioner Jonel C. Hill
flies to Las Vegas Wednesday
for the convention of the Na
tional Association of Railroad
and Utility Commissioners.
He returns Thursday.
There's an easier
way to get
for ti;3 holidays
Call on the Commercial Credit
Plan whenever you can usa
extra cash. Our personal loan
service is fast, friendly and
convenient. That's why thou
sands of families prefer to uso
Commercial Credit Plan . . . why
more people every day ara
borrowing this pleasant way.
Keep this ad as a reminder to
phone or visit us soon.
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