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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 13, 1960)
o 2 B MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. ORE. TUESDAY. gjPTEMBER 13, 1969 if-M&rt . - m. J iptl '12 NAT--. iT i i a - iew ' INTERMEDIATE BEEF SHOWMAN Chip Buffington, 14 i of Medford, was named champion 4-H beef showman at the Oregon state fair at Salem this year. Fewer, But Bigger Farms Revealed By State Census Corvallis-Oregon has near Iv 12.000 (ewer farms-but bigger farms-than five years ago. Economic pressures and technoloeical changes are given as reasons for the sharp decline in numbers ana in crease in size. Stephen M. Marks, Oregon State college extension agri cultural economist, says larm ers' attempts to maintain m come in the price-cost squeeze has boosted the average size of Oregon farms to 507 acres compared with 3B7 acres live years ago. This trend lo bigger farms stems from addition ot acre age by purchases of adjoining FARM NOTES Washington - HOT - There will be considerably more beef available in 1961 than this year, according to an ag riculture department survey of the livestock and meat sit uation. The "more beef" situation stems from the fact that there will be about three million -more cattle on farms and ; ranches on Jan. 1 than there were a year ago. :. The department said the '.potential for slaughter In 1901 ris considerably greater than "in I960. In tact, the depart ment said, cattle numbers now hivi progressed to a nolnt where Increased market- ings ot all classes are almost - Inevitable. - U. S. imports of livestock "and meat products continued :to decline in June. Pork and lamb imports were the only red meat Items : which were above the June, 1059, level. Total red meal w imports during the month .were 35 per cent below last ;yoar, while variety meat im 'ports declined 23 per cent, 'imports of most other live stock products also declined "during June, The January-June total of ' beef and veal Imports was 32 " per cent lower than during : the same period last year, : The agriculture department :is stocking up for the school lunch program. In recent weeks it has purchased 11, .214,000 pounds of frozen , ground beef valued at $4,524,- 000 for the program. farms and from a 2',i per cent increase from new acre age. Marks explained. Preliminary figures from Oregon's 1959 Census of Agri culture show 42,573 farms- 33 per cent fewer than in the peak year of 1935 when the state had 64,828 farms, Biggest decline in the past five years came in the small farm class of 10 to 50 acres which showed a drop in num bers of 31 per cent. However, part-time farms In the 10 to 50-acre class still represent nearly half the state s total number of farms. Farms of 50 to 100 acres comprise about 16 per cent of the total, and farms from 100 to 500 acres account for 27 per cent. Large farms, con taining 500 acres or more, make up 12 per cent of all Oregon farms. About three-fourths of Ore gon farms are operated by full owners, 19 per cent by part owners, 7 per cent by ten nis, and less than 1 per cent operated by managers. The proportion of tenants had dropped from 8.2 per cent in 1054 to 7.2 per cent In 1959. Other Changes Noted Other changes saw a slight increase In the average age of the farm operators - now 51 years old compared with' 50 years in 1954. However, tehre are 15 per cent fewer operators 6? years of age or over. Final censtn data will hp published by the Bureau of the Census later this fall, Marks said, - CHIT CHAT- y JOE COWLEY Mill Tribune '-arm Editor The public currently is paying more attention to agri culture, its status and its nrnhl forms being drawn up by the Democratic and Rniihiinin ,-": aim me recently released agricultural census. . As revealed by the ag census of Jackson county the big farms are getting bigger and the small farmer is either being squeezed out or is going into part-time farming. Also, the laige commercial grain farms are continu ne to d o un mnrp am pluses, in jacKson county tew farms raise grain, only 163 in 1959, and this is used for livestock feed. But the proDiem of surplus grain, particularly of wheat, affect? everyone wno pays taxes and who eats. The new book, "Freedom to Farm," by Ezra Taft Benson secretary of agriculture, Is particularly timely. This book sketches briefly the U. S. agricultural history, tells how the farm surplus problem started and crew and how it has oeen aiiected by farm politics. This book probably should be rear! frnm har-lr trt frnnl The secretary of agriculture's oroDosals in t,n- . are: (1) Relax or eliminate controls and gradually change support prices. Supports should be based on what rnn. sumers paid in recent years not on 1910 to 1914. (2) The conservation reserve program should be expanded by 8 to " million acres, u; i-ut more imaglnat on and vieor behind the "Food for Peace" program. (4) Continue an aggressive, imaginative research program. (5) Help the little farmer or the rural dweller to increase his acreage or earn more off nis larm. Going back over his oronosals. Benson evnlnlnc thai u.a. tarmers now produce more per man-hour than .the 1910 14 period on which current farm support Drices are based A more current base would provide a year-to-year insurance of more orderly marketing and the farmer would he nrn. ducing for the consumer and not for the government. The USDA head indicates that the conservation reserve is help ing restore me economic balance of agriculture bv taking land out of production. By going about this eraduallv It ...Ml . ! ,.. , , . . " win nui ai-riuusiy eneci local economics, ne asserts. Benson apparently strongly believes that the wav In a ang ana a country s Heart is through the stomach. Bv ex. porting agricultural surplus to foreign countries and usinir part of the payment for helping the countries nrodure mn rood, tne united states is helping to promote Dcace. the secretary oi agriculture feels. Particularly interesting is his commented wnne louring Kusslan farms that he. hopes Russia will outproduce the United States agriculturally. "If vour people find they can produce a rising standard of living witnin ineir own boundaries through their own skills they in dc less iiKciy to iook ior outside conquest," Benson told Russian farmer. More Gain Seen In Plant Breeding Work At OSC However, Russia has a long wav to go before it rparhos this goal. Over 40 per cent of the USSR total labor force is working in agriculture and forestry. We have less than 10 per cent of our local labor force working in' aericulture. The Russians have about one million tractors owned by the stale. The United States has nearly 5 million owned by in dividuals. We also have a million grain combines, nearly 750,000 mechanical cornpickers and about 600,000 pickup balers. Few Soviet farms have electricity compared to 90 per cent in tne U.S. Considering his fourth point. Benson noints out what development of frozen juice concentrate's did for the citrus Industry, development of plastics, new uses for fats and oils and processed potato products. All these developments point to neea ior continued research. Revised FHA Regulations Now Help Smaller Farmer Washington -a'PD-The Farm ers Home Administration has revised its regulations to per mit farmers who have regu lar off-farm employmen to ob tain farming and development loans from the agency Turkey Growers lo Meet Sept. 16 'n Corvallis Corvallis - Oregon turkey growers will take a long, hard look at the future of their industry at their annual meet ng in Corvallis Friday,' Sept, IB. The 21st annual meeting of Ihe Oregon Turkey Improve ment association will begin at 9:30 a.m. in Withycombe hall on the Oregon Stale college campus, reports Noel Ben nion, OSC extension poultry man and secretary of the as sociation Reporting on the present turkey market situation and taking a look at future pros pects for the industry will be Clement N. Thurnbeck, For est Lake, Minn., president of the National Turkey Federa tion; and John W, Hough, edi tor of Turkey World, Mount Morris, III. Both have been long-time leaders in the tur key industry and have trav eled widely the last year, Ben nion said. They are in a posi tion to tell Oregon turkey growers about the future of their industry, he pointed out. Special Feature A special feature of the day will be a report on "What Goes on Inside Russia," by Dr. I. L. Kosin of Washington t a t e university. -Kosin, a poultry scientist at WSU, was born in Russia and has just returned from a six - weeks study of the agricultural sit uation in that country. In the afternoon, the group will be welcomed to the OSC campus by Dr. A.. L. Strand, OSC president. An analysis the problems facing today s rmers will be presented by Maurine B. Neubergcr, Portland. An afternoon panel will-re port what's new in turkey breeder management. Panel The new regulations go into effect Oct. 1. Previously, ex cept in rural development counties, a farmer had to spend most of his time farm ing in ordi to qualify for a loan. The agriculture department said that experience gained in rural development counties has shown that many farmers regularly employed off the farm can profitably use the agency's credit facilities to in crease the farm portions of their total incomes. The regulation which limits assistance from obtaining the maximum income from their farms, and from taking ad vantage of opportunities for industrial and other off-farm employment, the department said. Other Points Unchanged Other eligibility require ments remain unchanged. Ap plicants must have sufficient farm experience to carry on sound farm operations, must need credit, and be unable to obtain needed financial assist ance from other sources. Credit will be extended to operators of farms that are family size or smaller. No loan will be made unless plan for the coming year's farming operations shows that income from the farm and other sources will be large enough to enable the farm family to have a reasonable standard, of living, pay debts, and have an adequate reserve for emergencies. Loan funds may be used to pay farm operating costs, pur chase equipment and live stock, pay farm development costs, and refinance certain debts. The interest rate is 2 per cent. The Farmers Home Admin istration supplies technical farm and money management assistance to each borrower. : A rubber company has es timated farmers will spend $320 million for tires thio year. This sum would include tires for all vehicles used on : the farm, Including passenger cars. i Based, on studies of the "farm tire market, the average .'large farm will spend $155 on tires, while the average "small farm's expenditure will J amount to $30 for tires. Farms ! rated medium in size will 'spend an average ot $68 on tires. . The company estimated ; about 2 million farm tractor :and implement tires will be .bought this year. This would be four times as many as in '1941 and twice the number used in 1940. ' The agriculture department '.reports that out of every 20 ; apples consumed last year, about 15 were eaten fresh .three were eaten canned, as .canned apples or apple sauce, and two were used in the form of canned Juice - and frozen and dried apples. ' The heaviest npple-produc- Ing stales in recent years have been Washington, New York 'Michigan, Virginia, Califor nia, Pennsylvania and West : Virginia. ; The department has an nounced It Intends to pur- i chase ready to cook frozen . turkeys for schools participat ing in the national achool lunch program. The turkeys purchased will weigh from 16 lo 24 pounds, ready-to cook weights. The department has warned poultry and egg producers against re using containers bearing USDA grade or In section marks unless these official luarks are obliterated. .The law says Ihe containers must not be re-used unless I .the marks are destroyed, I Corvallis - "More gain per bite is the aim of a research study now under way at the Oregon Slate college agricul tural station, where research ers are working to develop grasses thai have more food value for animals. Looking over a number of nigh -yielding tall fescue plants, OSC agricultural scien tists started wondering if each Individual fescue plant had as much digestible food value as other Individual plants. A lot of forage isn't worth much if animals can t digest and use it, the scientists reasoned. To find an answer to their question, the scientists took several individual tall fescue plants and increased them keeping each planting sepa rate. When enough forage from plants produced by each "mother" plant was available, the researches set up a care fully-controlled feeding exper iment, using sheep to measure the digestibility of each fes cue-plant group. The sheep were fed the for age from each plant's produc tion over a two-week period, with the digestive progress of each sheep chemically ana lyzed and recorded. The sheep were men fed forage from another plant's production for a two-week period. Result the researchers now know for sure that grass from one tall fescue plant may be consider ably . more digestible than grass from another tall fes cue plant. Willi this new information, the OSC plant breeding team, headed by Dr. J. Ritchie Cowan, head of the OSC farm crops, department, has set up anotner research project to find out how digestibility of forage in plants is inherited. They will then try to breed di gestibility, as well as nutritive content and palatabllity, into new high -yielding fescue plants in the future. The researchers are already well along the road to new lall fescue varieties, Cowan noted.-They started several years ago with over 18,000 In dividual tall fescue plants in their experiments, and have now culled these down to 27 plants. Plant breeding takes time. Cowan emphasized, and added that It will be at least several years more before new tall fescue varieties are developed. But when they arc he hones they will be highly digestible. as well as high-yielding and nutritious. The small farmer needs additional vocational training lcader win be J- A' HarPer, lo learn new skills and guidance in making the needed ad- OSC turkey scientist. Panel Justment to part-time living off the farm. New--industry Is riL-i.uuu to use tnese part-time larmers. This would be im portant lo Jackson county since the recent ag census reveals that 1,165 farmers worked off the farm. A total of 1,473 farmers reported they worked 100 or more davs off the farm and 1,232 reported earning more monev from their ou-iarm joos man irom tarm products sold. Benson emnhn. su.es mat existing tarm price-support legislation does not help uia small larmers. t Farm Bureau Meets At Valley View Tht rijulu monthly matting of tht Talent Cen ter Farm Buraau will be held at 8 o'clock tonight in ihe Valley View school house, according lo Chair man E. E. Rasmusien. Reclamation On New Upswing On USSR Lands Livestock Prices Show Variety Of Market Trend The small-scale,' part-time and residential farms have a majority of the farm people but they raise only 10 per cent oi tne tarm products sold. At the other end-of the economic teeter-totter are the commercial farmers who represent onlv 40 per cent of the farm population yet raise 90 per cent of tne tarm products sold, Benson points out In his book. As our boss pointed out in his editorial, perhaps the farm should be redefined to include rural residents who produce iust enougn tor inemseives and lo peddle to their neighbors or tne nearest fruit stand. This, he stated miglrt give the small tarmcr more political recognition. That's a resonable assumption. However, agricultural experts pointed out that one reason the Brannan plan as proposed by former Secretary of Agriculture Charles Bran nan failed to get congressional approval was because the small or low-income farmers lack political force. One-big aim of tne proposed plan was to strengthen the small farmer. Low Income farmers have no effective nressura erouos The nation's big commercial farmers are highly organized and have "skillful and aggressive representation1 in Wash ington." Briefly, the Brannan plan proposed to extend in come protection to farmers producing certain perishable commodities, if would make direct federal cash payments when their prices fell below a level set by his "income sup- n,. rm.,l - ... Getting back to Benson's hnnk h rlnln-i that npp, wheat lire unreallstically set at the so-called narltv levels of 1910-14. This, he argues, completely disregards present day farming skills and technological advances. His predicltion ior mio-summer came true, we do have enough wheat car ried over to meet normal requirements for almost 2V4 vears. ne predicted sa.auu million in federal funds will be tied up In wheat due to this carry-over. Benson also predicted it will cost the taxDavera over $H billion for transportation, handling, storage, and In terest just to hold the surpluses In 1960. The crops receiving federal support money are wheat. corn, cotton, peanuts, rice, and tobacco. The high support prices nave driven cotton out of half the world market it formerly had. The world's largest tobacco market is not Wlnston-Salcm, N.C. but in Southern Rhodesia now, Benson pointed out. Wheat, cotton and corn make up 85 per cent of the gov ernment's surplus crop inventory. However, these crops produce only about 17 per- cent of the total cash farm in come. This price. support program is aimed at the large com mercial farmers. For instance, 90 per cent of the wheat support payments go to 40 per cent of the farms.- And the surplus problem Is likely to get worse than better. "We are not using our current knowledge of farm technology to the full," Benson pointed out. Also, efficiency in farming has been increasing twice what manufacturing has achieved In recent years. This 'n Thai September Is the time lo give cattle (lie new systcmlcs for grub control, to make corn silage, put pullets into the laying house. Some fruit growers In Jackson county are Just beginning to experiment with dwarf fruit trees. However, England is developing outstanding semi-dwarf apple orchards. Heavy early yields, lower management costs and an increase of 28 to 32 trees per acre are possible with these rootstocks. Eighty per cent of the commercial orchards In England under 25 years old are of M2. a semi-dwarfing stock, according to the Farm Almtnac. Trees are staked for the first eight or nine years. Next time you think you are working long hours drive by the home of an orchard foreman about dinner time. If you pass about 8 p.m. chances are he is just getting home or hasn't yet left his work. One typical foreman works from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. seven days a week during the fruit harvest which last about two months. Otherwise he works only 8Vi hour he told us dutiaf I visit. members Include Kosin, Thurnbeck, Hough, and Wally Sawiell of Molalla. I A special tea for the turkey growers auxiliary and other ladies attending the confer ence will be held during the afternoon session. The annual association banquet will be held at 5:30 p.m. in the Ben ton hotel. All turkey growers and allied industry represent atives are welcome to attend all sessions. Shorthorn Trophy Presented Anhorn John Anhorn, 18, son of Mr. and Mrs. John Anhorn, Central Point won the Ore gon Shorthorn association's trophy at last week's Oregon State fair in Salem. The trophy was presented young Anhorn for having the best Shorthorn female at the state fair. This is the first time in. several years that Jackson county 4-H clubs have taken a championship in the Shorthorn class at the state fair. John has been In Jackson county 4-H for eight years. . Police Keeping Vigil at Bedside Ottawa - HJPD - Police kept vigil at the bedside of a seriously wounded Italian Im migrant early, today In hopes he would recover to throw light on a wild domestic gun- battle that left four members of his household dead. Bruno Madalcna. 34, was reported by civic hospital au thorities as "slightly im proved" but still in serious condition. He lay near death Monday with his arms and right side shattered by shot gun blasts. Police tried lo reconstruct the scene In Madalena's mod est two-story house early Mon day when his wife Elena, 23, her parents Guiscppa and Santa Sacllotto, both 50 and a boarder Johannes Abom, about 35, were killed In a fusillade of shots from a rifle, i shotgun and a pistol. Four children, two of the Madalcnas' and two of the Sacllotto's were in the house at the time but were not harmed. Police, however, were unable to get a coherent account of what happened from them. PRESIDENT DIES Urbana, lll.-OTI-Dr. Arthur Cutis Willard, 82. president emeritus of the University of Illinois, died Monday. Corvallis - Oregon market prospects are better for hogs than for cattle and sheep in the year ahead, but the long- term outlook remains favor able for all parts of the state's meat animal industry, say Oregon. State college econo mists, Record large beef supplies now In the making throughout the country point to gradual declines in beef prices for the next three or four years. Supply of bef per person in the U. S. next year appears certain to pass the 1956 rec ord of 85.4 pounds, reports M. D. Thomas, OSC extension agricultural economist. How ever, beef prices in 1961 are not likely to drop as low as in 1956, the economist ex plains. Less pork on the mar ket, plus willingness and abil ity of food buyers to spend more money for beef in re cent years, will probably keep prices above 1956 levels. Lamb Prices Dropping Lamb prices are headed down along with beef. Slaugh ter lambs and steers at Port land have been bringing about $3 a hundredweight less than last summer. Oregon hog prices, now in a seasonal decline should be followed by a rise this winter to levels possibly above recent July peaks, the economist be lieves. By next summer, swine breeding stock should be higher and some of the highest market hog prices could be past for awhile, Thomas adds. Taking a longer look at market prospects for Oregon livestock, the economist points out that local cattle and hog raisers are located near the west coast's "fastest growing group of highly paid meat eaters" in the country. Oregon, Washington and California populations have increased more than one-third in the past decade and the gain is expected to continue nearly as fast in the next 10 years. Per capita income also has increased rapidly and is well above average. Detailed discussion of Ore gon's livestock outlook is in cluded in the current issue of the Oregon Farm and Mar ket Outlook circular publish ed by OSC extension service. Also Included are reports on seed crops, grain, and hay and the general economic outlook. Free copies are available at county extension offices. Washington-fflPD-The Soviet Union apparently has revived a land reclamation plan of the early 1950's in its efforts to surpass the United States in agricultural production. The seven-year plan to out produce the United States by 1965 was based primarily on an increase in yields. When Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced the plan in 1958, it was believed Russian farm ers had about completed an earlier plan of getting more land into cultivation by plow ing up virgin soils which had been used for centuries for grazing purposes. Apparently they had not-or perhaps their political leaders decreed they had not. The Foreign Agricultural Service, culling reports from the Soviet press, has learned that reclamation is operating in a big way in the "new lands" area of Kazakhstan and Siberia, and also in the European section of the So viet Union. In Kazakhstan 3,088,750 acres of virgin land have been plowed this year and more acres were being plowed early in August, FAS said. Else where, in the Rostov area in the heart of the Soviet winter wheat belt, the area sown to corn and small grains is to be expanded by plowing 494,- zuu acres of virgin land plus 123,550 acres of meadow. In one region of the Ukraine 494,200 acres of land were to be drained and reclaimed by 1965. In this area soils are infertile, have poor mois ture retentive ability, and re quire heavy annual fertilization. Under the "new lands" pro gram, the Soviets added some 93 million acres to cultivation tn 1954-56. Some smaller in creases since have brought the total tillable land to an estimated 501.4 million acres. ihe so-called "new lands" are located in the sub-humid and semi-arid zones of Asiatic USSR, east of the Volga River and the Ural Mountains. Now the nlower-UDDers are diminishing pasture and nat ural meadowland in parts of ine uKraine and the North Caucasus. Despite its tremendous total of 5.5 billion acres, the Soviet Union has only about 530 mil lion acres of tillable land com pared with 475 million in the United States. Much of the So viet Union is not suited for farming. About 75 per cent oi tne total land mass enn, sists of deserts, mountains swamps, tundra, and forests Court Records ASHLANn MltMirinii r.n..n Robert n Nlrhnl. ... . io suspended. DIe E. Truax. failure to heed top sign. S5. Andrew D. Wardlnskl. leavlni motor running while vehicle un- Nell L. CrAfn vlnla,lAM i i rule. $20. Lawrence E. Tolliver. failure to heed atop lipn. S.v Doyle M. Benion, failure to heed traffic light. S5. Rita L. Mackay, no operator'a license, 10. William J. Carton franalnnt der Influence of Intoxicating bev eragea while on a public street. 3 days in jail. SENIOR BEEF SHOWMAN Ron Anderson, 17, of Eagla Point, was named chamipon' 4-H senior beef showman at the Oregon state fair at Salem this year. Wocus Type Tops Barley Yields Here By EUGENE WINTERS County Extension Agent Wocus barley was the high est yielding fall-seeded barley at the Southern Oregon ex periment station this year, ac cording to John Yungen, sta tion agronomist. Other high yielding barleys were Belford, Cascade and Velvon Thirteen named and num bered varieties were seeded Nov. 5, 1959, at rates of 100 pounds per acre. The fertil izer program consisted of ap plying 40 pounds of actual nitrogen and 30 pounds of available phosphorus per acre at seeding time. ' Wocus, a Boneville type. six-rowed, smooth bearded, stiff-strawed barley, was de veloped in the Klamath basin for the peat soils there. Wocus was the most popular variety grown in Jackson county this year. Wocus is one of the earlier maturing varieties and has produced excellent yields of quality barley in most of the county s barley producing sections. Belford, a hooded type, six- row barley, was the second highest yielding fall-seeded barley in the Station trials, It is mid-season in maturity nd medium tall in height with a relatively weak straw Belford is a good hay barley, The earliest maturing bar ley and third in yield was Cascade, a popular variety in the Willamette Valley area. Cascade is a six-rowed, rough beared, weak-strawed variety and a true winter barley. Velvon, one of the more popular varieties in the coun ty was fourth in yield at the Station with slightly over one ton yield per acre. This six rowed, smooth bearded bar ley is a fairly early maturing variety having a weak straw. White winter and Bonne ville barleys were next in yields in this year's trials but have been over several False Distress Signals Charged Portland - (UPD - Samuel Sprague, 39, Brookings, Mon day was bound over to a fed eral grand jury on a com plaint by the federal commu nications commission of send ing false distress signals. The FCC charged the sig nals were sent from a boat tied up at Coos Bay and that they confused the Coast Guard which was looking for a ship in trouble off the Ore gon coast last February, Sprague was released on his own recognizance. years testing the varieties recommended for fall seed ing. Fall seedings of grain should be made in preference to spring seedings whenever possible for higher yields. The increasing occurrence of cer eal yellow dwarf in Jackson county with the possibilities of epidemic proportions like that found in the Willamette valley point to the need for fall seeding as a control mea sure. The aphids which trans mit this disease from the wild perennial grasses alone road- sides and fence rows are usual ly dormant when the young winter grain is in the suscept ible stage. Nitrogen is the main plant nutrient limiting yields of grain crops in the county. The amount of nitrogen to apply is dependent upon the field's cropping history. No nitrogen may be necessary the first year following al falfa or clover pasture where there has been a good growth of legumes. Early spring growth will determine the need for a spring application of nitrogen. It is suggested that for fall grains following a cereal crop that fifteen to twenty pounds of actual nitrogen per acre be worked in the seedbed just prior to seeding. An early spring follow-up application the latter part of February or the first part of March of twenty to thirty pounds actual nitrogen per acre is suggested. Under conditions of adequate irrigation water where a heavy crop of straw has been plowed down prior to seed ing the early spring applica tion could be increased to thirty to forty pounds of act ual nitrogen. Phosphorus and potassium applications should be based upon a soil test report. Cereal crops will respond to applications of sulfur. If sulfur has not been included in the previous year's fertili zer program it is recommend ed that ten to twenty pounds of sulfur per acre be applied. 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