o
MEDFORD MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD. ORE.
THURSDAY. AUGUST 11. 19SS
Puzzle of Molecular
Forces Solved By
Russian Scientists
New York, ; N. Y. - (Sci
entific American Feature)
'The nature of the forces that
bind the material world to-
gether, one of the long stand
ing puzzles of science, has
been solved by two Russians,
Boris V. Derjaguin and Irene
Abrikossova. Contrary to ear
lier explanations of these
forces, which ascribed them
variously to electrostatic phe
nomena and chemical interac
tions, the Russian scientists
have found the basic cement
of the material universe to be
electromagnetic, essentially
radio waves of Incredibly
short wave length.
"One of the first workers
to see clearly the implications
of electromagnetic theory at
the level of the molecule,
states Academician Derjaguin
"was the Russian physicist
- P. N. Lebedev, best known
as the first experimenter to
measure the pressure exerted
by light. In 1894 he wrote
with prophetic insight:
Hertz's research into the in
terpretation of light waves as
electromagnetic processes con
ceals another problem of
radiation source, of those proc
esses which a molecular vibra
tor undergoes when it emits
light energy to its surround
ings. On the other hand this
problem leads into the field
of spectroscopic analysis. Al
most entirely unexpectedly, it
leads to one of the most com
plicated questions of modern
physics, the science of . mo
lecular forces.'
Statement Ahead of Tim
"Lebedev. came as close to
the latest views on the nature
of molecular forces as was
possible before the develop
ment of modern physics. But
his statement, while ahead of
its time, was very far from
quantitative, law. The first
quantitative theories . treated
them as entirely electrostatic
rather than electromagnetic.
"This was the unsatisfac
tory state of theoretical knowl
edge when Mrs. Abrikossova
and I set out in 1951 to meas
ure the molecular attraction
between a pair of solid ob
jects. No investigators had suc
ceeded in making this meas
urement, principally because
the molecular force falls to
substantially zero when two
objects are separated by more
than about one thousandth
of the diameter of a human
hair. When they approach
wunin this distance, however,
a colleague at the Academy
of Sciences in Moscow, how
ever, we were able to design
an apparatus that met the
stringent, and in some ways
contradictory, requirements
of the job,
"In the first place, we were
trying to measure a small
force - as little a thirty-thou
sandth of an ounce. This in
itself is not too difficult: mi
crochemists routinely deal
with far small forces. But in
our problem the attraction to
be measured shows up only
when the two bodies are ex
tremely close together. Fur
thermore, the force varies
enormously as the distance of
separation in changed. It is
precisely this variation that
we wanted to determine be
cause this information would
provide us with a clue to the
nature of the force involved
"The requirements of sensi
tivity, stability and rapid re
sponse are not easy to recon
cile. A sensitive balance tends
to swing widely in response
to a small change in force.
Our apparatus achieved these
diverse aims by means of
automatic control, a solution
unavailable to scientific work
ers prior to the advent of mod
ern electronic technology.
Mathematical Formula
Inspired by our experi
mental work the theoretical
physicist E. M. Lifshitz de
rived a methematical formula
for the force of molecular at
traction from very general
principles. As soon as Lifshitz
announced his results, we ap
plied them to a calculation of
the force between the bodies
we had used in our experi
ments. The results, mathemat
ical and experimental, match
ed and this agreement be
tween theory and experiment
is particularly convincing be
cause the theory contains no
undetermined constants; the
comparison is absolute and
applies successfully to the sev
eral materials we measured.
"Although our experiments
verify the Lifshitz formulas
only for the special case of
'large' gaps they tend to sup
port the whole theory. And
so the electromagnetic nature
of molecular forces and their
relation to light spectra, so
long ago postulated by Lebe
dev, have now been demon
strated. He would be slad to
know that the attraction be
tween molecules does not. as
he feared, 'involve other
the force mounts abruptly. forces whose source is still
witn tne neip of fanny Leib, l unknown.' "
Cancer Found To
Be Contagious in
Poultry Experiment
Washington (Science Serv
ice) Cancer has been proved
contagious for the first time.
Rous sarcoma, - a virus
caused cancer found in chick
ens, can be transmitted from
bird to bird by direct contact,
Dr. B. R, Burmester of the
U.S. Department of Agricul
ture's Regional Poultry Lab
oratory, East Lansing, Mich,,
has found. .:
Until now Rous sarcoma,
which has been used in re
search for 50 years, was
thought to be non-contagious.
Studies to date suggest .that
similar virus-caused cancers
may also prove contnglous.
Mav Aid in Fighting
The new find not only lends
weight to the belief of many
scientists that Viruses cause
some forms of animal and hu
man cancers, but also may aid
In fighting these diseases.
The experiments that led to
proof of the Rous sarcoma
virus' contagious nature gave
clear-cut results. Dr. Burmes
ter inoculated a number of
chickens with the virus,
either under-the-skin Injection
or intravenous injection,
placed these birds in the same
pen with healthy chicks and
raised them to maturity,
. In one test, 35 to 45 healthy
birds raised in direct contact
with birds inoculated sub-
cutaneously died of Rous sar
coma. Of 59 chickens reared
in direct contact with 118
birds inoculated intravenous
ly with a low dose of the vi
rus, six developed tumors and
died.
Virus taken from the tu
mors of contact-infected birds
was found to be the same as
the virus used by inoculation.
The concentration of virus In
tumors from contact-infected
birds was directly proportion
al to the amount used to in
oculate the chickens to which
the contact - infected birds
were exposed.
Tumors The Sam
Under the microscope tu
mors from chickens infected
artificially or by contact were
the same.
In another experiment
healthy chickens were put in
the same cubicles with virus-
contact is thus far superior to
indirect contact for transmit
ting the virus. How the virus
is transferred from bird to
bird is still unknown, but a
few facts have been estab
lished. Chickens made to
breathe high virus doses in
aerosol form did not develop
tumors, but more than half
developed tumors when he
virus was artificially instilled
In the nasal passages.
No tumors resulted when
virus was placed under the
chicken's tongue or when it
was applied to a nonfeathered
area of intact skin. But 80
developed tumors when the
virus was rubbed into a skin
scratch or on an area where
Immature feathers had been
extracted. It has also been
established that the virus can
enter a bird's body through a
feather follicle and cause lo
cal as well as internal tumors.
Masked Gunman
Arrives Too Late
St. Louis Carl Zlmmer
mann, a service station own
er, deposited his weekend re-
cepits at a bank and walked
onto the bank parking lot.
A masked, armed bandit
jumped from behind a car
and demanded money.
"Sorry, but I just deposited
the money," Zimmerman said.
Come on, hand it over."
the bandit pleaded.
Zimmerman showed him
the two empty money baks.
The man was convinced. He
ran to a waiting car driven
by another masked man and
escaped.
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f ..ftus' f mi Parking! UKArB
f jT )HOn0lUlU Lady PlfEAPPLE JillCE No. 211 Can "I
I " zee wapkiws Pk9 tff8Q n
I J Pillsbury BISCUITS Sweet Milk or Buttermilk. Pkg. of 8 I I I I I I I
1 1 French's MUSTARD 6 ounce jar
hiiiiiivmh r wi w e-vunce wan I . I I
I X r 1 1 Ti a irt r AiititiilPA I I I I II I
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sg-BS'- muwii i i can mwuiiwwm a i lhh gHnw,6m, can
Campbell's TOMATO SOUP 10!4-Oz. Can I I I I I I (1
hM Hunfs CIDER VINEGAR
friUUL- N Wyandotte CHOPPED OLIVES c,n J
AID Super Meat Banquet DOG FOOD 1 Lb. Can I I I V J
I I Regular 6 for 29c I
Pushbutton Directory
Big Help to Shoppers
Norwalk, Calif. Ever get
that lost feeling In a self-
service store? A California
drug chain may have solved
the problem in HI-FI.
A new type of pushbutton
directory has been Installed In
a store here.
Shoppers check the direct-
Iory for the item they want,
push the right button, and a
recorded voice tells exactly
Inoculated chickens, but were I where is is in the store,
acparated by a wire-mesh The device has 192 buttons
screen. None of the healthy I for the best selling Items,
birds died with tumors. Direct I from aspirin to waxpaper.
HUNT'S No. 2V2 Can
CLING PEACHES
Sliced or Halves
BUY 3 CANS FOR N C
29c ea., BUY 4th FOR I II II
4 for 97c U Kit
SCOTT
TOILET jC
TISSUE WJJ
1000 sheet rolls Reg. 227c
SANDWICH BAGS
((J;
package J X
Get more of everything with
THRIFTY GREEN STAMPS
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100 FREE STAMPS
Get more of everything with
THRIFTY GREEN STAMPS
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RED RIPE
SALAD
TOMATOES
For flavor and color!
GROCETERIA PRODUCE-for salad makings that hit the spot!
How 'bout a cold, tasty tossed green salad?
They really taste great these hot days!
O Red Leaf Lettuce O Romaine Lettuce
O Butter Lettuce O Australian Lettuce
Your Choice
n
c
lb
FOR YOUR
PICKLING
Wt Hav
FRESH DILL
HOT PEPPERS
RED BELL PEPPERS
GREEN BELL PEPPERS
SUNKIST-235 Size
LEMONS
For that fresh tail
In Plio Bags
9
LOCAL FANCY
ZUCCHINI
Or Yallow Summer
SQUASH
Tender, freih No waste
w. wtf ' vim
ch or head
Carton of Six
6-oz. Bottles of
COKE
(You Pay Bottle Deposit Only)
with purchase of
ONE CARTON CHESTERFIELD CIGARETTES
King size or Regular (Limit One per customer
YUBAN COFFEE
Premium blend of fine coffees.
Reg. $1.61 Save 42c
s-g is
hoodys eJS'in
PEANUT BUTTER ST 19
Reg. $1.39 Save 20c U
SUNSHINE
HI-HO CRACKERS
One Pound Box ............
THURSDAY. AUGUST 11. I960
MEDFORD. MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE.
Iff St IMBUE :
vi) ) ( U A Nestle's
, Q D7 CANNED m
so'lE m j ivy
i i v yw" it
yk SAVE 15c 1
i I w Huoie vr unerrv w neacn 1 i itj if'M nr jm m :
I M . " . I I X W - j.BLlr "W ' ill, n I II I . I . ,
II II '
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"X. S III vl If II - V VS 1 - II DV Ml
. w I ..tutu. . ' " "" '
I aS? ur
PflPDDDD D DO anODDQ
S FREE COUPON a
n ; p.
o Worth 50
M FREE Thrifty
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With any purchase Offer good Fri., Sat., and Sun.
August 12-13-14 (One coupon to a customer)
Clip this coupon and redeem at D
GROCETERIA d
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DDODOOD D 0 DDDDDDDD
Tree Sweet Frozen
Orange Juice
6 Ounce Cans
Buy 2 cans at 23c each
4
BUY 3RD H rgc
CAN FOR
10
MARYELLEN
Apple Jelly
Grape Jelly
Orange Marmalade
10 ounce glasses
Buy 3 at 25c ea.
Buy 4th FOR ONLY
m
i
4 for 85c
GERBER'S JUNIOR
Rc3.2mc " Can
Uinta ' ' -'K
a -,-v III H wV AY
GIANT
SIZE
THE
Regular
87c
With $10 or
larger purchase
in one day!
(Offer good through
Sunday, Aug. 14)
SAVE 48c
Soran's fresh, Oregon Grown!
WHOLE
DRAWN
2Vi to 3 pound average
Cut up .... 45clb.
MIDWAY MEAT
SHANK HALF Jl
HASViS
Whole Hams . . . 53c lb.
Butt Cut . ... . 59c lb.
lb
SWIFT'S PREMIUM
Thick Sliced
2 lb. pkg.
AM
$19
SWIFT'S PREMIUM
FRANKS O
0
Two 12-oz.
Packages
TILLAMOOK
CHEESE
Medium
Sharp
GROCETERIA'S LEAN
IftjfftllllMIn)
Many Advances in
Electronics Said
Due To Lodestones
New York, N.Y. -(Scientific
American Feature)- Many of
the current advances in elec
tronics that are responsible
for improved TV reception,
more effective computing ma
chines, keener-eyed radar and
accurately launched satellites
owe their advent to the recent
development of a family of
magnetic materials closely re
lated to lodestone, the first
magnet known to man, accord
ing to C. Lester Hogan, for
mer professor of applied phys
ics at Harvard University.' ,
Like tlie lodestone, Dr. Ho
gan explains, the new mater
ials, which are' called "fer
rites,'1 consist largely of rusty
iron compacted and fired into
lumps of desired size and
shape. They are not nearly as
strong, magnetically, as the
common horseshoe magnets
used as playthings. But unlike
magnets the ferrites function
both as reasonably strong
magnets and as highly effec
tive electrical insulators. ,
Electromagnetism
Why is this combination so
potent? "The answer," ex
plains Dr. Hogan, "is implied
in the word electromagnetism,
which indicates how intimate
ly the phenomena of electric
ity and magnetism are associ
ated. On the one hand, the
association is responsible for
almost every useful applica
tion of electricity. On the oth
er, its very intimacy eventual
ly sets a limit to what can be
done. It, is by the partial iso
lation of electrical and mag
netic effects that the magnetic
oxides have pushed back the
technological limits."
A great many electrical de
vices that operate on alternat
ing currents, according to Dr.
Hogan, depend for their func
tioning on so-called "electrical
induction;' a current in one
portion- of a circuit, causes a
comparable current to flow in
second circuit. The current
flowing in the stationary part
ways in which to capitalize on
the remarkable properties of
ferrites. Among the more
promising ideas is one for an
amplifier that will have sub
stantially no noise and hence
can boost the weak signals
from outer space to practical
levels. The field is still so new
and so fertile that we can
merely guess at the harvest
it may eventually yield,"
Cigar Industry
Worrying About
Havana Supply
New York -flJPB- The Amer
ican cigar industry is worry
ing about its supply of clear
Havana tobacco.
The growing bitterness be
tween Washington and Pre
mier Fidel Castro of Cuba
could cut the tobacco supply
supply off overnight. And in
a few weeks,, several million
American cigar lovers would -be
reduced to smoking cheap
domestic stogies exclusively.
: A spokesman for the Cigar
Manufac turers association
said this possibility really has
been causing his members
some sleepless nights. .
"All ' our , finest wrapper
and filler tobacco is Cuban,"
he said, "and we don't know
where we could replace the
supply. Sumatra used to pro
duce good cigar tobacco, 'but
since the Dutch left Indo
nesia, it is being neglected.
Other Latin-American coun
tries with conditibns some
what like Cuba's, particularly
Brazil and Peru; might pro
duce good cigar tobacco, but
it would take time.
The United States takes 40
per cent of Cuba's tobacco ex
ports and Spain is Cuba's next
best customer, according to
the clgarmakers' association.
UiS. Imports of . Cuban to
ot an electric motor, for , ex- bacco - last year were 30.46
ample, Induces a current in million pounds worth $27.89 .
the part of the motor that ro-1 million at wholesale. A small
tatcs and It, Is the reaction of I part of this was ' cigarette
mis induced, current . that hlendlnif tobacco, all the rest
causes the motor to turn. The! cigar wrapper and filler. . In.
medium responsible for the addition, we Imported 23.5
transfer, is a magnetic 'field million finished cigars from.
Cuba, worth about $2.5 mil-
generated by current flowing
in the first circuit:; The
strength ot the field is greatly
enhanced if the two parts of
the circuit are linked by
magnetic material, such as an
iron core. Unfortunately, such
cores also act as conductors
of electric current "and a
wasteful current is induced in
the iron as well as in the sec
ond circuit where it is wanted,
The amount of the waste var
ies in proportion ' to the fre-,
quency at which current alter,
nates. The waste Is not im
portant in the range of low
frequencies (60 cycles per sec
ond) at which electric power
is distributed. But at the multi-million
cycle frequencies of
television and radar most of
the energy would be lost in
cores of ordinary irorl. -i
Cores Assembled ' J I .
.To overcome this problem
scientists in recent years
have learned how to assemble
magnetic cores on the sub-microscopic
level of the mole
cule. Atoms of iron, ' along
with a few of nickle and cer
tain other elements, are delib
erately sandwiched .between
atoms of oxygen according to
a prearranged pattern, The
combination is thus Impure
Iron oxide, 6r "rust," 'and does
not differ greatly from anqient
lodestone. In effect, the oxy
gen atoms act like, .insulators.
Their presence dlminishes4he
magnetic effectiveness of , the
iron ' somewhat ' but this is
more than compensated' by
the fact that wasteful currents
cannot flow in the material.
Many atomic combinations
have been developed for spe
cific electronic 'applications,
according to Dr. Hogan, .some,
of them verging on the exotic,
one kind, for example, takes
the form of garnet. : '
"The small size . of today's
radios is as much a product of
these new ferrites as of other
miniaturization techniques,','
says Dr. Hogan. "Every mod
ern television receiver . con
tains ferrite cores as do. the
most effective radars and oth
er microwave equipment. The
ferrites are also being used ex
tensively In large digital com
puters as 'memory' units, in
the form : of tiny ' cores ; In
which Information Is Stored
magnetically. Today designers
are hard at work finding new
lion at wholesale.
-.".The 1 Cigar Manufacturers
association said it had heard
of no move in the United
States to put a higher tariff
on Cuban tobacco or to cur-
ail imports on tobacco spe
cifically in retaliation for th.
C a s t r o regime's unilateral
seizure of American property
and. businesses without any
realistic ' proposals for com
pensation, r. ...
What the clgarmakers fear
a total collapse of political
and economic relations be
tween Washington and Cuba
that will make it impossible
for them to buy Havana to
bacco, t ; ' s ;
is,
Million Dollar
Motel Scheduled
Portland -(UPB The Portland
owners of - the m. sellers
Building announced plana
Wednesday to convert the 60-year-old
downtown building
to a million dollar motel.
Simon - Director, president
of the Oregon Investment Co.,
said financial details of the de
velopments are in progress.
Architects have begun preli
minary plans on- the proposed
100 room hotel across tne
street from the Multnomah
hotel, he said. , :.:
The firm purchased the six-
story; structure earlier this
year for $175,000. I
Construction will probably
begin late next year, Direc
tor Indicated, . -
Assault Charged .
To Portland Man
Portland (UPB Walter M.
Miller, 4.1-year-old Portland
restaurant operator,- was
charged with assault with a
deadly -weapon Wednesday in
connection with the shooting
of two P o r 1 1 a n d sisters
Wednesday morning. e
Wounded in the shooting
were Mrs. Wilma Jackson, 41,
and ' Mrs. Lula Parker, 43.
Both were listed In satisfac
tory condition at Emanuel
hospital. ' - : , -.-.
. Police 'said fre shooting ap
parently climaxed a business
arguments .
ITS'
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NEW VETS' KUGGETS
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1 ! TooauilitY.
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