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6 MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or. '
I Thimday, May 12, 1960
Martian Life
Unlikely Because
0( Poison Gases
Washington (Science Serv
ice) - Life of any kind on
Mara is highly unlikely be
eaus the Martian strnos
phere contain! poisonous
panes, three scientists repor-1
ted to the National Academy
of Sciencci meeting here.
The poisonous compounds
are oxides of nitrogen, one
cause of earthly - and also
noxious - smog. Drs. C. C. j
Kiess, Harriet K. Kiess and
C. H. Corliss of the National '
Bureau of Standards here said
their new theory about the re
actions of nitrogen oxides '
could explain many of the
observed Martian phenomena. '
Chalky Deposits
The polar caps, the Drs.
Kiess had reported to astrono
mers, are due to chalky white
deposits of nitrogen tetroxide.
Their yellowish tint is due to
nitrogen dioxide inequilib
rium with the solid nitrogen
tetroxide. Absorption by
nitrogen peroxide explains
the low reflecting ability of
Mars in green, blue and violet
light.
The dark bolt bordering
the melting polar caps is be
lieved liquid nitrogen tetrox
ide with other nitrogen com
pounds in solution, or could
be due to a welting of the
Martian surface. The spread
of heavy, gaseous nitrogen
tetroxide over the dark areas,
toward the equator, accounts
for the seasonal change of
color shown by them.
In the Martian atmosphere,
nitrogen oxides may exist in
both gaseous and solid phase.'!,
and, in these forms, arroiinl (
for observed meteorological
changes, the scientists said.
A tiny crystals, at the tem
peratures prevailing at var
ious altitudes and latitudes,
they could cause the haze and
transient blue and white
clouds known to occur.
Shift In Equilibrium
The infrequent blue clear
ing is believed due to a shift
in equilibruim from nitrogen
dioxide tetroxide, owing to a
cold wave. During a heat
wave, the shift would be to
ward higher concentration of
nitrogen dioxide, thus accoun
ting for the yellow clouds
that, at times, are planet
wide. If this view of Mars is
correct, the planet can be
considered as s gigantic
photo-chemical nitrogen fix
ation plant. The known toxic
effects of nitrogen oxides
"argue against existence of
living organisms" on Mars,
they concluded.
The spectroscopic obser
vations of Mars showing ni
trogen oxides in the atmos
phere were marie at the Slope
Observatory on Mauna Loa.
Hawaii, under a financial
grant from the National Geo
graphic Society.
New Sugar May
Aid Research in
Cancer, Diabeies
Cleveland - (Science Serv
ice) - A sugar has been dis
covered that may add to man's
understanding of cancer and
diabetes.
Known as a heptose, it was
isolated from a ral liver ex
tract and was described to the
American Chemical Society
meeting here by three scien
tists of Tufts U n i v e r s i t y
School of Medicine, Medford.
Mass.
Clarification of its function
in living tissue could be very
useful in combating diseases
in which sugar melaboliMii is
abnormal, it was explained.
A lack of vitamin B-l (thia
mine) in test rats' diets inter
fered with the capacity of rat
tissue (brain, heart and lung)
to form the sugar. Dr. Ilsicn
Ciirh Sic said. When thiamine
was added to the tissue in a
test tube, heptose formation
did not resume, indicating
that the vitamin deficiency
had inflicted grave damage.
In Other Mammals
The heptose may also be
found in other mammals, fish,
birds, reptiles, plants and bac
teria. Dr. Vijai N. Nigam .said.
He cited this widespread natu
ral occurrence of the heptose
as a measure of its biological
significance. A heptose is a
sugar containing seven carbon
atoms arranged in a bead like
sequence.
The heptose was first iso
lated by healing ral liver
enzymes with a phosphate
compound of the common su
gar glucose. The project was
headed by Dr. William B.
Fi.shman, research prolessor
of oncology at Tufts and di
rector of cancer research at
the New England Center Hos
pital, Boston.
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