Qya ra otioe of led China
of Great Decisions
s
Subject
Nation's Drive to
Industrialization
Disturbs Officials
(Editor's note This is
another in a series of ar
: licles in which the Great
Decisions. . . 1960 program
is discussed. The material is
prepared by the Foreign
Policy association. New
York. Today's discussion
topic is "Should We Con
tinue to Quarantine Red
China?")
Mainland China, with
quarter of the world's people,
has long been the most pop
ulous nation in the world.
With its vast human and nat
ural resources-and its relent
less drive toward industriali
zation-Red China could con
ceivably become, in a genera
tion or so, the most powerful
nation in the communist bloc,
if not in the world.
This is the long-range pros
pect that disturbs U. S. and
Allied statesmen, and may
also cause unease among Sov
iet and European Communist
leaders.
In short-run terms the prob
lem may "be equally alarm
ing, for the following reasons:
Aggressive Power .
1. Communist China has
'. already begun to use its in-
industrial and military pow
er aggressively-in the Korean
War of 1950-53, in its support
" of Communist-led guerilla ac
tivities in Southeast Asia, in
its seizure of Tibet, in its
trade and aid offensive in the
Middle East, South and South
east Asia; and its border pres
sures on Burma and India,
"Further economic growth
'may foster more dangerous
' Chinese pressures on world
T affairs, observers fear.
2. The rapid modernization
-of Red China may mean that,
. in less than 10 years and per
"haps as soon as three years,
China will produce its own nu-
clear weapons, thus joining
.the U. S., Britain, France and
the Soviet Union as an atom
age military power.
It is largely in these terms
'.that many allied leaders, in
- eluding some in the United
States, hope for a fundament
al change in U. S. policies to
.' ward Red China. They claim
.that the U. S. diplomatic and
economic boycott of the Peip
'. ing government is out of date
now that Red China is acquir
f.ing the status of a major
world power.
'Variety Of Arguments
A variety of arguments is
advanced in support of this
. view: that an increasingly
powerful and a g g ressive
'China can be restrained or
I contained only by bringing its
government into world diplo-
matic councils, such as the
- UN; that the nuclear threat
alone makes it essential for
the Allies to negotiate with
Peiping, if only to insure that
China participates in any dis-
armament agreement; that for
information and intelligence,
!u.S. news media and the U.S.
government need trained ob-
servers on the spot, to study
- developments inside '.Red
1 China; that "normalization"
of trade with Red China
might make Peiping less de
. pendent on the Soviet Union,
'while the economic boycott
. his done nothing to prevent
r China's industrialization.
Yet there is also wide
spread support for continuing
present U. S. policieswith-
holding of U. .S. diplomatic
precognition, total embargo on
,-U. S. trade with Red China,
and U. . S. blocking of all
'', maneuvers t o turn over
China's UN seat to the Peip
j ing government.
Arguments in favor of these
'policies are both jnoral and
strategic. On the moral ques
tion, there is strong feeling in
i, many U. S. quarters that the
',-Communist Chinese govern--ment
has no place in "nor-
mal" diplomacy or in the UN
: until it purges itself of charg-
es of aggression leveled by the
.UN after Red China entered
i the Korean War against the
i UN.
; Instead of purging' itself,
v. Peiping continues to talk and
; act belligerently over such is
J sues as the "liberation" of
- Taiwan and the Chinese Na-
tionalist-held offshore islands,
r and in the current Sino-Indian
I border dispute.
Policies Supported
I Strategically, present U. S.
: policies are sometimes sup-
ported on the grounds that
the U. S. diplomatic and eco
nomic quarantine has helped
; further U. S. interests in the
Far East. The diplomatic boy-
cott (together with U. S. eco
' nomic and military aid) has
t preserved the Nationalist re
We Give 4
GREEN STAMPS
ELLIS MARKET
20 Crater Lake Aveaee .
gime on Taiwan, and has giv
en millions of "overseas Chi
nese" a symbolic non-Corn-
munist homeland to which
they can direct their loyal
ties.
The economic boycott has
forced the Soviet Union and
Red China to divert major
resources into non - military
channels, in order to provide
goods which could not be im
ported. Furthermore, many U. S
leaders feel that normaliza
tion, now, of U. S. relations
with Peiping would have neg
ative rather than positive ef
fects. Very little would be
gained-the U. S. does not
have to recognize the Peiping
government in order to ne
gotiate with it on disarma
ment. Much might be lost-
a U. S. retreat now could be
interpreted as a diplomatic
victory for world communism
Obviously both sides of
this debate involve complex
arguments. Fun damentally
the arguments turn on what
Red China is, how great is
its power, what it intends to
do with this power, and how
the U. S. can best deal with
these realities.
Weigh These Questions
Whether the United States
continues its present China
policy, or explores some new
approach, will depend in part
on how the American people
and Washington policy-makers
weigh these questions.
One of the most imprecise
areas in the whole China de
bate is the question of econom
ic growth. Unquestionably the
Peiping government has, in
the past, played a numbers
game with its economic sta
tistics. Fantastic production
claims have been made, for
virtually all sectors of the
economy, which have later
had to be revised downward.
Even the most conservative
outside observers agree, how
ever, on two generalizations:
mainland China's economy is
growing at an unprecedented
rate; and the cost in individ
ual freedom has been enor
mous. Economy Growing
The economy is undoubted
ly growing more rapidly than
the Soviet Union did in its
first 10 years, but this prog
ress has been bought at the
cost of regimenting the entire
Chinese society, especially
the peasants, and on an ant
hill pattern. .
Moreover, the growth in
productivity has been confin
ed largely to heavy industry,
food and the bare essentials
of consumer goods.
Last year Peiping claimed
that steel production was up
nearly 67 per cent over 1958.
Electrical output was reported
to be up 51 per cent; coal, up
29 per cent; food grains, up
WAYNE
1. Mm,,,,,,. 1
x I
T $f I I
CENTURY BUILDING
GRADUATION Attending the graduation
exercises at the Guide Dogs For the Blind
school in San Rafael, Calif., Feb. 6, were
two Jackson county residents. The occasion
was to say farewell to dogs which the two
Medford persons raised for the school. At
left is Mrs. Clara Glascock, 233 Beatty st.,
who shakes the paw of Vidor, now the guide
dog for William R. Hutson, a minister from
Ft. Worth, Tex. Lee Jackson, (right) son of
Mr. and Mrs. Vernon F. Jackson, 2410 Camp
8 per cent. If steel produc
tion claims are correct, and
if steel production continues
to rise at present rates, China
may expect to pass . Britain
in less than 10 years in the
output of this basic commod
ity, i
The implications of these
rates of growth, if accurate,
are fairly clear. In time, Red
China can catch up not only
with Britain, but also with the
Soviet Union. It has. the po
tential and, apparently, the
drive.
Fascinated With Success
Nor has this lesson been
lost on the leaders of many
undeveloped nations. Even
though many of these lead
ers deplore China s com
munes, mass purges and total
social regimentation, people
H. SAFIEY
AETNA IIFI
Hopkins -
in underdeveloped lands can
not help but be fascinated
with the material success
of communist economic plan
ning. It still remains to be proved
whether, in the 20th century,
a backward economy can pro
gress as rapidly under free
enterprise or free political in
stitutions. Democratic India's
economic growth, for exam
ple, lags well behind Red
China's.
Red China's leaders are un
doubtedly dedicated to com
munism but to their own
brand of communism, a prod
uct of their own revolution
ary experience. When Poland
was searching, in 1956-57, for
a national road to commu
nism, Peiping was smypath
etic. Yugoslavia, however, has
Aetna Life Insurance Company is proud to announce
that WAYNE A. SAFLEY of Hopkins-Saf ley Associates,
Medford has been awarded MAN OF THE YEAR hon
ors. In achieving this award, Saf ley compiled the
most outstanding record in Aetna's 85 year Oregon
history. He is a member of the exclusive Million Dol
lar Salesmen Group - he was second in the entire
United States in individual accident and health sales
and was a leader in seminar qualification competition.
Congratulations to Wayne A. Saf ley for this outstand
ing record.
UaSURAHCE
Safley Associates
843 E. MAIN
Baker rd., raised Rhea as a 4-H project. The
dog's new owner is Miss Frances Loiacano,
operator of a vending stand in the county
courthouse in Orange, Tex. Also among the
graduating class was Randle Christiansen,
salesman from Salt Lake City, Utah, who
received Quail, a German Shepherd raised
by Lucinda Wright, 250 Neil Creek rd., Ash
land. Lucinda was unable to attend the
ceremonies.
apparently strayed too far
from orthodox Marxism to
suit Peiping. Domestically,
Peping has admittedly depart
ed from the Soviet brand of
communism, by its reorgani
zation of rural society into
communes. (The Soviet Union
tried and abandoned this ap
proach early in its history.)
Foreign Affairs
In foreign affairs, Red
China's place in the commu
nist system may also be
unique. It is generally assum
ed by outside observers that
Peiping shares Moscow's dedi
cation to the idea of a world
communist society. On the
other hand, some Red Chinese
foreign policies can be ex
plained in nationalistic, rather
than Marxist terms.
The current border dispute
with India, and the recently
settled border dispute with
Burma, for example, have
their origins in precommunist
China. The republican govern
ment of the 1920s was equally
determined to "rectify" these
same borders. -
Some observers believe
that it is on such issues as
these that Red China and the
Soviet Union may one day
find themselves at logger
heads. Moscow has already,
apparently, felt some embar
rassment over the Sino-Indian
border affair, and has urged
both sides to find a peaceful
solution to the dispute. Mos
cow has not, however, public
ly disavowed Peiping on this
or any other issue.
Spheres of Influence
There has also been specu
lation that the Soviet Union
and Red China may "divide
up" their spheres of influence
in the world, with China in
heriting South and Southeast
Asia and perhaps part of the
middle East. This too, it is
argued, could lead to an ulti
mate split in the communist
camp. .
So far, such ideas can only
be speculative. Clearly the
area of partnership between
Moscow and Peiping is far
larger than the area of con
flict. But the question does
have some important implica
tions for long - range U. S.
policy.
Perhaps the ultimate ques
tion to be resolved by the
American people turns on this
dual issue: (1) how, in the im
mediate future, can the U.S.
prevent any further expansion
of communism, Soviet or Chi
nese; and (2) how, in the long
run, can the U.S. exploit any
possible internal differences
in the communist camp that
might ultimately lead to a
weakening of the power of
world communism?-
It is on this short-range plus
long-range basis that some ex
perts are now calling for a
fresh examination of U. S.
policies toward Red China.
No Fault Found
In Handling Tanker
San Francisco (DPD The
Coast Guard hearing into the
disabling of the wine tanker
Angelo Petri ended Thursday
and indications were that no
fault was found with the con
duct of personnel aboard.
The five-day hearing con
cluded with further testimony
by Captain Edward A. Lehn.
A Coast Guard spokesman
said that the hearing's find
ings would be announced in
about six months.
Observers noted that this
was the customary period for
writing a report on a "marine
accident.
MEDFORD
.MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or.
A Sunday, Feb. 21, 1960
Families Sue in
Death of Mothers
Mount Kisco, N.Y.-IUPD-The
families of six mothers in
volved in a tragic auto crash
Nov. 20 filed claims totaling
$3,375,000 Thursday against
the town of Bedford, N.Y.,
and the village of Mount
Kisco.
Two of the six mothers
died, four were injured, and!
two are still in the hospital
with injuries received when
their station wagon was hit
by the car of a youth fleeing
police at 90 miles an hour.
The claims contend that po
lice chasing Navy Seaman
Derrick Worcester, 20, should
not have kept pursuing him
at such high speed.
Bar Association to
Study Appeal Limit
. Chicago -(DPD The board of
governors of the American
Bar association has ordered a
study on whether federal law
should limit "prolonged and
multiple appeals such as those
in the Caryl Chessman case."
The governors assigned the
study to the ABA criminal
law section Friday after warn
ing that such laws involve
"basic constitutional questions
calling for careful considera
tion in order that individual
rights will be safeguarded."
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