MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or.
Sunday, Fab. 7, 1960
ar Timetable Di
in Great Decisions Program
Cold
scussed
w
Communists' Goal
Explicit; Tactics
Are Less Clear
(Edilor's note: This is the
first in the series of topics
which Great Decisions ...
1960 groups in Jackson
county will discuss and
study during the coming
-week. The subject material
has been prepared by the
Foreign Policy association,
incorporated. New York..
The subject this week is the
Cold War Timetable for
1960.)
The goal of communist
leadership is explicit a
world society operating ac
cording to communist prin
ciples. A long succession of
Soviet and Red Chinese lead
ers, including Nikita S. Khru
shchev and Mao Tse-tung,
have made this goal perfectly
clear.
What is less, clear Is the
timetable and tactics these
same communits leaders have
in mind. Experts differ on
these matters. Some, recogmz
ing the tremendous military
potential of the communist
bloc, and remembering com
munist aggression as recent as
Korea and the Indian frontier,
base their opinions on what
the communist bloc is
capable of doing to further its
aims. Others oase meir
opinions on what they think
rnmmunist intentions are
likely to be.
Secretary of State Chris
tian Herter has reached the
conclusion that a certain
"common interest" sets rea
listic limits on what either the
communist powers or the
great democracies dare do, re
gardless of what they are
theoretically capable of do
ing. This common interest,
Sec. Herter says, is simply
"the basic will to survive,
shared by free men and com
munists alike."
Spells Implications
In a speech to the National
Foreign Trade Council, in
New York last November,
Sec. Herter spelled out the
implications of this viewpoint.
"I think," he said, "the So
viet leadership is reaching a
conclusion similar to our own
that, unless the course of
events is changed ana
changed soon, both sides face
unacceptable risks ol general
nuclear war, which would ap
proximate mutual suicide.
It is therefore clear, Sec.
Herter explained, that the
cold war must be translated
into a different kind of com
petition a contest that is no
less real than war, but that
avoids the danger of war.
What is called for is "a com
mon language despite the
ideological conflict" which di
vides us. Certainly "ground
rules" are needed, to keep the
cold war "within bounds set
by the conditions of co
survival." This means, in effect, a
recognition that some of the
acute political problems of
the cold war such as the fu
ture of West Berlin and di
vided German y must be
teirmered. even it they can
not now be fully solved." And
it means a long and patient
effort "to construct a new re
lationship between tie an
tagnostic systems" of commu
nism and political democracy
Competition Remains
Yet, Sec. Herter warns, it
would be fatal "to confuse re
laxation of tensions with re
laxation of ourselves." No
matter how much the cold
war may be tempered by new
ground rules, it will remain a
"fateful competition, requir
ing "continued and possibly
increasing claims on our
treasure, our intelligence, and
our patience.
As the Secretary of State
views the present situation,
both sides recognize that war
is equivalent to mutual sui
cide. There is no alternative
to peace. Both sides can,
therefore, settled down to a
peaceful competition that
may. be just as urgent and
just as decisive as war, but
which can hopefully be re
solved without destroying all
civilization.
The other side of this de
bate is actually many sides.
Some critics of Administra
tion policy are perfectly will
ing to accept Sec. Herters
reasoning as it applies to the
Soviet Union.
Soviet leaders, they argue,
have demonstrated they are
reasonable men, even if they
are ruthlessly single-minded
in working for their goal of
a world communist society.
Red China, on the other hand,
has shown no signs of reason
ableness whatsoever. Nor has
Moscow demonstrated it can
control, subdue or divert the
aggressive ambitions of the
Pe ping government.
May Be Folly
According to these experts,
it is folly to base U. S. poli
cies and defense strategy on
an assumption that the
I? nmjNo nturniw
!- LfNMGSAO 0C10K
ESTONIA (ANNEXED) lt
LATVIA (ANNEXED) 199
LITHUANIA (ANNEXED) I MO
PRUSSIA (TEKSrrOBY ANNEXED) Ifi "
POLAND (PARTITIONED) 193
t GERMANY (SATELLITE) 19
CZECHOSLOVAKIA (SATELLITE) 1M
HUNGARY (SATELLITE)
v
jr.OWTH OF COMMUNISM
1917-1960
world's most populous nation,
and number two communist
power, Red China, will abide
by any reasonable ground
rules.
The more powerful Red
China becomes and its pow
er is rapidly growing the
more likely it will use its
power. Once China becomes
a nuclear power, this danger
may be beyond control.
There is another group of
experts which takes a still
more guarded position.
First, they say, it is an
axiom of political and mili
tary history not to depend on
any "enemy" to do the ra
tional or expected thing.
No Final Disaster
Second, many of these ex
perts are convinced that war
is by no means a final dis
aster from which civilization
will never recover. Many
well-meaning people were
convinced in 1914 that Europe
could not survive a two, three
or four year war. Others felt
this way in 1939. Yet the wars
came, and took their frightful
toll, and the survivers re
covered. In spite of the increased
horror of thermonuclear, bac
teriological and other "mod
ern" weapons, war is still an
experience that the .world
can survive. The destruction
would not be absolute not
yet.
It is just possible, these ob
servers argue, that an enemy
will still strike. His motives
might be rational confident
that he can strike a knockout
blow. Or he might act out of
irrational desperation. But,
even with the much adver
tised Soviet troop cuts, the
communist bloc has the capa
bility of waging any kind of
war from skirmish to all-out
nuclear war.
Against this capability, the
only sensible U. S. policy is
one based on the enemy's
capability.
Flexible Defenses
Finally, there is no reason
why the United States and its
free world allies cannot af
ford stronger and more flex
ible defenses. This country
alone has more than double
the economic capacity of the
Soviet Union. Certainly we
can afford to do what we
must do to guarantee our sur
vival. These, roughly, are the two
main positions in the current
debate on cold war policy.
This debate may well become
a crucial part of the national
political debate in this elec
tion year.
All sides in the debate tend
to agree, however, that a re
laxation of cold war tensions
anything reasonable to re
duce the danger of war is
desirable. What are the pros
pects for this in 1960?
Some progress on political
issues has been made in re-
Hunter Speaks at
Club Meeting Here
The Medford 20-30 club last
week was host to Herbert
Hunter, a medical illustrator
for the U. S. Third Army dur
ing World War II, who dis
played a series of his draw
ings depicting treatment of
battle casualties and evacua
tion of the wounded.
'Hunter said the purpose of
his presentation-is to acquaint
laymen with the functional
anatomy as well as general
surgical porcedure. Many of
the drawings shown were
made during campaigns in
France and Germany in which
Hunter participated.
He has done some work for
the county and private phy
sicians as a medical ilustrator
and cited the increasing im
portance of medical illustra
tions in the courtroom.
The layman, he said, can
understand a medical condi
tion far better if it is shown
in a drawing than he could if
it were explained to him by
a physician in unfamiliar
technical terms.
Hunter said he would lik ;
to give his presentation before
veterans' groups and any oth
er interested organizations. I
He lives at 409 Lynwood ave., I
Medford, and may be con-j
tacted at SPring 3-4717. j
annexed) imj
SOVIET UNION SAKHALIN It IfROM JAPAN) 1945
NO. KOREA (SATELLITE) 1948 "
Mm TUVA (ANNEXED) 1944
K OUTER MONGOLIA t 7
(COMMUNIST REVOLUTION),!
REVOLUTION 19 :J
IMS
RUMANIA (TERRITORY ANNEXED) 1940
RUMANIA (SATELLITE) 1947 )
BULGARIA (SATELLITE) 1944
ALBANIA (SATELLITE) 1944
cent months. The nations with
interests in the Antarctic, in
cluding the Soviet Union,
signed a pact last December
guaranteeing that this frozen
continent will be used for
peaceful purposes only. The
pact provides for inspection
and controls to insure this
objective.
Progress in Talks
There has also been some
progress in talks on inspec
tion and controls for limited
disarmament, and nuclear test
ban, although the remaining
snags are critical ones and
agreement is not yet in sight.
There has so far been no
signs of progress, however, on
the three most vital issues ex
pected to be discussed at the
summit meeting in Paris next
May. These are the future sta
tus of West Berlin, the future
of divided Germany and the
question of general or "com
plete" disarmament.
It was the Russian-precipitated
crisis over West Berlin,
in fact, which led to the re
cent series of high level, inter
national visits and goodwill
tours, and ultimately to the
summit.
There is no evidence that
the communist leadership has
changed its view that the
status of West Berlin must
be altered. The Western Al
lies, on the other hand, are
reluctant to make any more
than symbolic changes in
West Berlin, unless a work
able agreement is reached on
steps to reunite the divided
German nation. Unfortunate-
ty, however, the Allies dis
agree among themselves on
how far to go in negotiating
a ; West Berlin "settlement,"
and in the "workability" of
any German reunification
measures.
Deep Fear
One of the deepest fears of
Western observers is that the
Soviet Union will simply act
unilaterally on both the West
Berlin and German questions.
With the Allies bickering
among themselves, right up to
the summit, Moscow may
simply write a separate peace
treaty with Communist East
Germany, and turn over to
that satellite government con
trol over all roads and access
to West Berlin.
The effect of this step
might be to force the West to
deal with the East German
government, or it might lead
ultimately to the use of force
to maintain Western rights in
isolated West Berlin. In a pro
paganda sense, the West
might well be at a serious dis
advantage in such a situation.
Any "relaxation of ten
sions" over West Berlin and
Germany, in other words,
may have to be on communist
terms indefinite division of
Germany and a steadily
weakening Allied position in
West Berlin.
The general disarmament
question is also a tricky one.
Again, the propaganda factor
is important in view of the
fact the Soviet Union pro
posed "total disarmament" at
the United Nations during
Khrushchev's tour of Ameri
ca last fall. World opinion is
so deeply involved on this is
sue that any Allied foot-dragging
could have a serious im
pact within the West and on
Western prestige in the un
committed areas of the world.
Extremely Cautious
Yet Western experts are ex
tremely cautious of "com
plete" disarmament on sev
eral important counts. First,
they point out that an effec
tive inspection and control
system is absolutely impera
tive, although this is the most
difficult issue on which to get
Soviet agreement.
Second, they argue that a
"completely disarmed" world
is probably a fantasy. Basic
small arms are essential to
maintain internal peace and
order. And other "small" wea
pons of enormous power al
ready exist and others will
soon come into existence
which may defy detection and
control.
The race in arms tech
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ELLIS MARKET
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fSK, COMMUNIST CHINA- (
-m-r NO. VIETNAM 1954 J
KLUflE IS. 194S
I
nology has already gone so
far, they say, that the elimi
nation of all weapons that
might be significant to world
peace is practically im
possible Most important, these ex
perts reason that the arms
race, however costly and
dangerous, is only a symptom
of the deep tensions dividing
the world today. If the arms
race is slowed down, even if
the bulk of armies and wea
pons are eliminated, the ten
sions will still exist.
Thus, according to this
view, the ultimate question
for U.S. policy is how to
maintain strong defenses
against any possible commu
nist military pressure, while
negotiating patiently the
whole range of complex is
sues which are still at stake.
There is, in other words, no
single touchstone, no one is
sue, that will allow every
thing else to fall neatly into
place in 1960 or in the for
seeable future.
(n) MONEY SAVING X inZ
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WATER HEATERS! T
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TROWBRIDGE &
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Summary Sheets
Are Available
The Great Decisions pro
gram's ballot summary sheets
are available at the county
extension office in the Jack
son county court hourse, ac
cording to Glenn Klein, coun
ty coordinator for the pro
gram. The sheets will be used
after each weekly discussion
to tabulate individual opin
ions formed through study of
the fact sheets. Summary
sheets for use during the
series can be obtained either
at the court house or by tele
phoning Klein at SPring
3-6211, extension 211. The
new study program series
will start the week of Feb. 7.
"There is still time to or
ganize a group for study and
discussion," Klein said. "It is
extremely important for every
citizen to take advantage of
this opportunity to study and
review the critical issues in
foreign policy facing the
American government and
people today. With the fact
sheet kit, all that is necessary
is for any person to get to
gether with 6 to 10 of his
neighbors or friends and start
discussing and comparing
opinions."
LIVER FUNCTION
Baltimore - The human liv
er secretes about 25 ounces of
bile every 24 hours.
Vesicular exanthema, a se
rious swine disease which
caused 10 countries to place
embargoes on U. S. pork, has
been eradicated from the
United States as the result
of a seven-year state-Federal
cooperative campaign.
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APPLIANCE CENTER
College Worth Millions
To Ashland, President
Tells Chamber Members
Ashland Southern Ore
gon college, in addition to its
cultural value, is worth $36
million to the city of Ash
land, SOC President Dr. El
mo Stevenson told an Ash
land Chamber of Commerce
luncheon last week.
"When you consider that
out-of-town students bring
$1,800,000 per year in new
money into Ashland and that
this money turns over be
tween 20 and 25 times," Dr.
Stevenson Said, "then the
college is worth somewhere
around $36 million to the
economy."
He added that the college's
annual budget is "about $2
million per year whereas it
was $62,000 just 13 years
ago."
"The people of Ashland,"
Civil Service Lists
Several Vacancies
Examinations for positions
for medical officer, statistical
draftsman, employment de
velopment officer and dieti
tian have been announced by
the U. S. civil service com
mission. The positions for
medical officer, rotating in
terne and psychiatric resi
dent, are located at St. Eliz
abeth's hospital, Washington,
D. C. The others are in var
ious federal agencies in Wash
ington, D. C, and vicinity.
Additional information and
application forms may be ob
tained from the civil service
officer at the Medford post
office.
K
N
$7(5)50
Terms
FLYfJfJ
he said, "have borne the bur
den of getting this college es
tablished, but we now have
grown up." '
Enrollment Noted
Enrollment at SOC is now
over 1,200, but Dr. Stevenson
said experts predict enroll
ment will be somewhere be
tween -3,700 and 7,000 by
1970. Half the Medford High
school graduates who go to
college choose SOC, he said
and added that this year Med
ford alone will have 400 grad
uates.
The college must be pre
pared to handle the enroll
ment, he said, because if not,
entrance requirements will
have to be revise to hold it
down.
Dr. Stevenson urged cham
ber members to back a five-
point program, asking them
to:
Vote for Proposition No. 5
this November, which he
said would "allow us to en
large our dormitory facilities
at no cost to the taxpayers
since the students who live
there would pay for the build
ing themselves;"
Continue to provide schol
arships for needy students;
Continue to boost the col
lege and its activities;
Honor the faculty, and
Provide help in broadening
the Shakespearean Festival
by adding winter activities
such as theater facilities.
Festival Mainstay
The president stressed that
SOC is a mainstay of the fes
tival and said the activity
could be greatly enlarged if
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Band Members Are Named to All-State
Six members of the Med
ford High school band will
participate in the all - state
band concert at the Oregon
Education association conven
tion in Portland March 16, 17,
and 18, I. A. Mirick, director
of instrumental music, has an
nounced. They are Carla Borough,
the people of the community
want it.
"We now have a six-veek
festival," he' said, "and this
could be made into both a
winter and summer activity
if we only had physical fa
cilities. If we could find a
method of getting a civic the
ater building, we could ex
pand quickly and eventually
could establish a complete
school of drama which would
add to the prestige of both
SOC and Ashland as well as
bring new money into the
city."
In sketching the growth of
the college, Dr. Stevenson said
the state's action in allowing
SOC to grant liberal arts de
grees as perhaps the most im
portant step. He praised Rod
ney Keating and Frank Van
Dyke for their work in con
nection with this action.
PAWT WITH
MODEL BMS-30
Terms
Jim Collins, Margaret Medlin,
Roy Taylor, Treva Toenniges,
and Harold Young.
Participants in the all-state-band
are selected by a com
mittee of the Oregon Music
Education association. Warren
Bellis, director of the Univer
sity of Idaho band, will be
guest conductor of the band.
The all-state band, which
plays f.t the general session
I of the OEA on the last day
of the convention, will have
about 180 members.
Jupiter Added To
Missile Arsenal
Cape Canaveral, Fla.-flTD-The
United States added Dr.
Wernher von Braun's "old re
liable" Jupiter rocket to its
arsenal of combat ready mis
siles Thursday, four months
ahead of schedule.
The Jupiter, a refined ver
sion of the rocket combina
tion that launched this na
tion's first space satellite two
years ago, made its final test
shot Thursday night. It now
will be sent to Italy and Tur
key as a major nuclear weap
on. MEDFORD PAINT
and
Wallpaper Store
6th & Holly Diagonally
Acrou from Pott Office
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