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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 8, 1959)
Ip MAIL TRIBUNE, Medford, Or. B Thursday, Oct 8, 1959 " ' Students Majoring in Science, Mathematics Said on Increase 0 By LOUIS CASSELS " UPI Correspondent The number of U. S. college students majoring in science and mathematics rose sharply during the first year of the space age. The upsurge of undergradu ate iSterest-which bodes well for the nation's future supply of scientists - is dramatically revealed in a statistical sur vey just completed by the U.S. office of education. It shows that the number of college , juniors electing ma jors in physical and biological sciences and mathematics in creased 10.4 per cent from the fall of 1957 to tfie fall of 1958. There were 50,513 juniors majoring in these0 fields - in 1957, and 55,777 a year later. More Than Expected The increase was three times as great as might have been expected on the basis of the general growth of college enrollment. The survey focused on n niors because concentration in a specialized field usually be gins in the third college year. The newly-published figures should offset some of the gloom that spread through of ficial, quarters here in the wake of an earlier report from the office of education. That report, compiled several months ago, shSwed that un dergraduate engineering en rollment dropped 4.5 per cent from the fall of 1957 to the fall of 1958. The decline in engineering enrollment was particularly disturbing because it seemed to mean that American college students were not responding to the national need for more technologically-trained m a n- power a need vividly dem onstrated on Oct. 4, 1957, when Russia's Sputnik I went into orbit. . . ... . Students Switching It now appears that the mys tifying girop in engineering enrollment may have resulted, at least in part, from students - switching into math and sci gpee majors. Educators point out that a shift of only a few courses can change an engi neering major into a math or science major. This thesis is suppored by another set of figures which show there was virtually no change from 1957 to 1958 in the total percentage of third year college students major ing in science or engineering. In 1957, the combined en rollment in both fields was 98,896 students or 25.3 per cent of the total third-year stu dent population. In 1958, the combined en rollment was 102,975 or 25.4 per cent of the total. , . : Thus, there was relatively little gain in the aggregate number of students preparing for scientific or technological careers. " - Entitled To Own Theory Why did a substantial num- o ber of students apparently de cide they would rather be sci entists than engineers? Since no one has conducted an atti tude survey that would pro vide reliable answers to that question, every one is entitled to his own theory. ' One possible explanation is that the new horizons now opening in space have stim ulated an interest in pure sci ence among some students who formerly were concerned only with practical applica tions. ' : ; ' i More light may be shed by the figures for the fall of 1959, which will take several months to compile. Officials are hopeful they will show in creases in both ' science and, engineering majors. As things stand now, U. S. colleges wili graduate next spring about 45,000 bachelors of science and 35,000 engi neers, a total of 80,000. No figures are available here on Russia's output of sci ence graduates. But it is known that Soviet universities are graduating 90,000 engi neers a year. , Half of Surgery in U.S. Said Done by Unqualified Doctors Atlantic City, N.J. (Science Service) - One-half of all sur gery that is performed in this country each year is done by persons who are not primarily surgeons, the new president of the American College of Surgeons said here. J ; Virtually all surgery is doue by trained and qualified sur geons throughout Europe and Great Britain, Dr. Owen Wan gensteen, professor of surgery and chairman of the depart ment at the University of Min nesota, said. This is not tru -in America, . however, he pointed out. , Pioneer Country The U.S.. has been essential ly a pioneer country. The American surgeon at the turn of the century did general practice and culled his sur gery from it. But the causes no longer exist that preserved the tradition that anyone li censed to practice medicine in our country is also com petent to perform operations, he told those attending the annual convocation ending the College's clinical congress here. If local and national ac creditation groups, working together, fail to curb the prac tice of untrained and unquali fied practitioners performing major operations, steps must be taken with licensing boards to establish better controls in the public interest. These remarks followed on the heels of the last of the College's clinical sessions which drew 10,000 surgeons from acros the country. Transplants Advancing The j visitors hear.d col leagues at the sessions explain how they were slowly advanc ing in the field of organ trans plant - how puppies' hearts had been dehydrated, frozen, and 24 hours later, sewn into the necks of other dogs and made to beat again; they heard how powerful anti-cancer , drugs, too strong' to be tolerated by the whole body, could now' be perfused into the head . alone, to attack brain cancers without damag ing vital brain tissue. They also heard one doc tor's encouraging report on the use of x-rays to increase the supply of blood to the heart muscle. . - ... Gold Film Reflects Radiation of Heat . New York -(Science Ser vice) Gold film, four-mil-lionths of an inch thick, has been found "unequalled" as a reflector of heat . radiation when used on missile and air craft sections, R. T. 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