Medford mail tribune., May 25, 1959, Image 10

Mies Specie Most of Life -'Preparing for Seeretary of
State
Job Demanded
More Than Ever
In Skill, Energy
By United Press International
John Foster Dulles spent
most of his adult life pre
paring to be Secretary of
State. And when he achieved
his goal with the beginning
of the Eisenhower Adminis
tration in 1953 the job de
manded more than it ever had
before in skill, energy and
fortitude. He was 65 when
he took the post.
His tenure in office coincid
ed with the decline in British
and French power and the
growing military, political
and economic might of Russia
and Communist China. Lead
ership of the free world had
fallen to the United States.
Dulles met the challenge head
on.
He became a symbol of tire
less devotion to what he be-1
lieved to be the best interests
of his country and of the
non-Communist world.
Dulles was the world's fore
most exponent of personal di
plomacy. Taking full advan
tage of the air age, he was
by far the most widely trav
elled Secretary of State in the
.nation's history.
Visited 48 Countries
Travelling by plane exclu
sively, Dulles flew a total of
359,988 miles on official mis
sions until sidelined by his
recent illness. He flew 479,
286 miles in visiting 46 countries-some
of them several
times. He logged another 80,
702 miles in the United States
for conferences and speeches
in his official capacity.
Even Jiis severest critics
and their ranks thinned in the
later years acknowledged
that Dulles' powerful person
ality and indefatigable efforts
were bound to leave a deep
imprint on the diplomatic his
tory of the 20th Century.
Dulles term spanned one
boiling crisis after another.
He was guiding allied strategy
to meet Soviet threats to Ber
lin and Germany when ab
dominal cancer was detected
for the second time.
He was just 12 days short
of his 71st birthday, when, on
February 13, 1959, surgeons
operating to repair a groin
rupture discovered a recur
rence of the malignancy that
was first spotted in Novem
ber, 1956.
President Eisenhower, who
had given Dulles unwavering
support for more than six
years, said he knew of no
man "who has equalled his
wisdom and his knowledge in
the whole complicated bus
iness" of international affairs.
Second Cancer Attack
Dulles' second cancer at
tack climaxed a 70-day per
iod of suffering during- which
he had refused to terminate
his efforts and travels to uni
fy the allied front against
Russian efforts to force the
West out of Berlin.
In December, 1958, after he
had been 1 hospitalized for a l
week with an inflamed colon,
doctors reluctantly allowed
Dulles to attend a NATO
meeting in Paris.
Then, after a two-week hol
iday in Jamaica, he returned
to Washington to deal with
Soviet Deputy Premier Anas
tas I. Mikoyan, who had come
to the United States on a
"cold war" fishing expedition.
His doctors detected a her
nia but delayed an operation
so Dulles could continue work
on a proposed spring foreign
ministers meeting with Rus
sia. On Feb. 3, he left for Brit
ain, France and Germany to
solidify the allied front. He
returned Feb. 9and the next
day went into the hospital for
the Feb. 13 hernia operation.
He took the new cancer
finding in his stride. As soon
as he was able to sit up, he
called for official papers to
! continue his study of the
European situation.
Tough Crises
The two-year period be
tween Dulles' two cancer at
tacks provided a cross-section
of the crises he faced during
his service.
They covered tough dis
armament " negotiations with
Russia and spectacular events
in the Middle East. Asia and
Europe during 1958.
When the July revolution
in Iraq threatened to set the
whole Mideast ablaze, Dulles
counseled Eisenhower to rush
American troops to Lebanon,
jsvhich seemed in imminent
danger of toppling.
When the situation calmed,
he took the lead in urging
the United Nations to a dopt
the United Nations to adopt
a resolution which, in effect,
shifted responsibility for Leb
anon and Jordan to the world
organization and inade it pos
sible for American and Brit
ish forces to withdraw.
This crisis had hardly sub
sided when a new one arose
in the Far East. Commmunist
1 A MAIL TRIBUNE. Medford, Or.
IV Monday, May 25, 1959
r
'r IS
JOHN FOSTER DULLES
Met the Challenge
China began bombarding the
Chinese Nationalist Islands of
Quemoy and Matsu just off
the Red mainland. Dulles
made American support o f
the Nationalists a test case for
resistance to Communist ag
gression everywhere. His
stand, which many feared
would pull the United States
into war, frightened Europe
an allies and stirred up much
criticism at home.
But the Reds stopped the
shelling.
Trouble in Berlin
The guns in Asia were
scarcely silent when Russia
demanded that the Western
allies get out of Berlin.
Under Dulles' prodding,
the Allies presented a solid
front against the Russian
threats.
' Dulles' previous cancer at
tack also came in the midst
of a crisis. As he entered the
hospital on Nov. 3, 1956,
British and French allies
were bombing Egypt, and Is
rael was stabbing across the
Sinai Peninsula.
Poland had just challenged
Moscow's iron grip and rebels
in Hungary were making an
heroic, but futile, effort to
cast off their Hungarian mas
ters. He once combined globe
trotting with a penchant for
bold diplomacy to help break
the deadlock ovelf a Korean
truce.
Dulles was in New Delhi in
May, 1953, to see Indian Pre
mier Jawaharal Nehru. India
had been trying to help ar
range a truce but peace talks
seemed to be bogging down.
Dulles told Nehru that if
the truce talks broke down
the United States would have
no alternative '"but to en
large the war." This 'threat
was communicated to the Chi
nese and a . truce was signed
in July.
Dulles was convinced that
most wars, and particularly
the one in Korea, were caused
by enemy miscalculations of
U.S. reaction to aggression.
Therefore, . he stated in a
speech in September, 1953,
that Red China should realize
that aggression In Indo-China,
on the Korean pattern, "could
not occur without grave con
sequences which might n o t
be confined to Indo-China."
He followed up on Jan. 12,
1 954, in another speech to re
veal a basic U.S. military-diplomatic
decision "to depend
primarily upon a great capa-j
city to retaliate, instantlly, by
means and at places of our
choosing."
Harsh Criticism
When criticism ensued, he
explained that the policy
"does hot mean turning every
local war into a world war.
It does not mean that if there
is a Communist attack some
where in Asia, atomic or hy
drogen bombs will necessarily
be dropped on the great in
dustrial centers of China or
Russia."
Dulles by his own admis
sion sometimes spoke out of
turn, or expressed himself
awkwardly.
In September, 1953, on the
eve of important West Ger
man elections, he said a de
feat for Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer would be disaster.
This prompted complaints that
Dulles " was intervening in
Germany's internal affairs.
But probably the biggest ex
plosion was set off by the so
called "Brinkmanship" maga
zine interview. Dulles was
quoted as saying: "You have
to take chances for peace, just
as you must take chances for
war. Seme say that we were
brought to the verge of war.
The ability to get to the verge
without getting into the war
is the necessary art. If you try
to run away from it, if you
are scared to go to the brink,
you are lost. We had to look
it square in the face on the
question of enlarging the Ko
rean war, on the question of
Dulles Made Big
Use of Airplane
For Diplomacy
Washington (LTD -John Fos
ter Dulles, born before the
airplane was invented, was an
air age diplomat who flew
more miles in his quest for
"peace with honor" than any
other diplomat in history.
Before final illness forced
his resignation in April,
Dulles had logged 559,988
miles by plane on official busi
ness during his six-year ten
ure as Secretary of State.
Newspaper cartoonists just
ly employed his penchant for j
flying to symbolize his endea
vors. As Secretary of State, he
visited 46 foreign countries,
some of them many times, and
totaled 479,286 air miles. In
addition, he travelled 80,702
miles by plane in the' United
States itself for official con
ferences and speeches.
Flew for Truman
Even before taking his cabi
net post in 1953, Dulles as a
foreign policy adviser under
former- President Harry S.
Truman had flown 125,000
miles in his monumental
achievement of working out a
Japanese Peace treaty.
As President Eisenhower's
foreign policy architect, crisis
afer crisis saw him travelltng
by plane to London, Paris,
Madrid,- The Hague, Rome,
Tripoli, Cairo, Tel Aviv, Jeru
salem, Seoul, Phnom Penh,
'. Brioni, Ottawa, Denver, Cara- j
cas, Bermuda, Augusta, tJa.
His last plane trip was from
Hobe Sound, Fla., to Washing
ton on April 12. President Ei
senhower's personal plane,
the Columbine IH, brought
him back here from his "rest
and recuperation" stay so he
could undergo further treat
ment for cancer.
getting into the Indo-China
war, on the question of For
mosa. We walked to the brink
and we looked it in the face.
We took strong action.
Dulles never disavowed the
quote although his critics ac
cused him of "brink of war"
diplomacy.
Rich Heritage in Diplomacy
Dulles had a rich family
heritage in diplomacy. His
grandfather, John Watson
Foster, was a Secretary of
State under President Benja
min Harrison. His uncle, Rob
ert Lansing, was Secretary of
State for President Woodrow
Wilson. A great-great uncle
was one of the early Ameri
can ministers to the Court of
St. James in London.
A brother, Allen W. Dulles,
served in the U.S. Foreign
Service and became director
of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
Dulles himself served in
many diplomatic assignments
before he became Secretary,
particularly under Harry S.
Truman.
"Foster" as he was al
ways known to his family and.
friends, was born on Feb. 25,
1888, in Washington, D.C., and
his family later moved to
Watertown, N.Y. His father,
pastor of the First Presbyter
ian Church, wanted him .to
enter the ministry. But John
Foster decided instead of train
for a diplomatic career.
In 1907, when he was only
19 years old, he accompanied
his grandfather to the second
Hague Peace Conference. It
was Dulles' first taste of diplo
macy, and it whetted an appe
tite never diminished.
He was graduated from
Princeton in 1908 as valedic
torian and the youngest mem
ber of his class. He spent a
year studying international
law at the Sorbonne in Paris
and traveling in Europe. Then
he returned to complete in
two years a three-year course
in international law at George
Washington University Law
School. Again, he was at the
top of his class. He passed the
New York bar examinations
and joined the renowned New
York firm of Sullivan -and
Cromwell.
Dulles remained with the
firm for more than 30 years,
rising to the position of senior
partner and accumulating a
fortune in the practice of in
ternational law.
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Chronology otf
Washington - (LTD' - This is
the chronology of the life of
John Foster Dulles:
1888-Born Feb. 25 in Wash
ington, , D.C., the son and
grandson o f Presbyterian
ministers and also the grand
son of John Watson, Secre
tary of State under President
Benjamin Harrison.
1907-As a 19-year-old, ac
companied his grandfather, to
the second Hague Peace Con
ference. 1908- Was graduated from
Princeton University as vale
dictorian of his class; later
studied philosophy at the Sor
bonne in Paris.
1911-Joined the New York
law firm of Sullivan & Crom
well, an association he main
tained until 1949.
Special Agent
1917-Became special agent
Official Funeral
Highest Ike Could
Direct For Dulles
Washington (LTD The offic
ial funeral with full military
honors for John Foster Dulles
is the highest President Eis
enhower could direct for his
former secretary of state.
The official funeral, sched
uled for 10 p.m., (PST) Wed
nesday in Washington's Na
tional Cathedral, is regarded
as just short of a state funer
al. Burial will follow at Arling
ton National cemetery.
Military officials said the
official funeral directed by
the President will be the first
of its kind. It was promulgat
ed in late 1949.
Officials said the closest
thing to it was the funeral
for James Forrestal, the late
secretary of defense, in May
of 1949.
For High Officers
State funerals are reserved
for presidents, vice presidents,
presidents-elect and vice-presidents-elect.
Official funerals
are given other high govern
ment officers.
In state funerals, the body
reposes in the Capitol Rotun
da before burial. But in an of
ficial funeral the body lies at
a private home or church.
Dulle's body will repose at
the cathedral's Bethlehem
chapel from noon Tuesday
until noon Wednesday. Presi
dent Eisenhowers, who direct
ed that the official funeral
be accorded Dulles, said in a
statement issued through the
State Department that per
sons wishing to pay their re
spects were invited to do so
at the chapel.
An honor guard will be
posted.
Dr. Rosewell P. Barnes, of
New York, a secretary of the
World Council of Churches,
will officiate at the funeral
services, along with Dr. Paul
Wolfe, of the Brick Presby
terian church of New York,
and Dr. Edward L. S. Elson
of the National Presbyterian
church of Washington.
HAD
ALL
YOUR
POLIO
SHOTS
9
Polio isn't licked yet . . . and
the 1959 polio season is just
around the corner. Millions
of Americans are still un
protected against this
feared disease.
Paralytic polio cases ac
tually increased in 1958
over 1957 among those not
. vaccinated. Play safe ...
make sure you and your
family get all your shots.
Remember polio strikes all
ages. See your doctor or
health department NOW.
DON'T TAKE
A CHANCE
TAKE YOUR
POLIO SHOTS!
Published at a pttbSe service in.
cooperation with The Advertising
Council and the Ketcspaper Ad
vertitinp Executive Association.
for the State Department in
Central America; captain and
major attached to general
staff of U.S. Army,
1918-Adviser to President
Wilson at Versailles Peace
Conference; later member of
Reparations Commission.
1933-Represented America
at Berlin debt conferences.
1940-Because chairman of
Federal Council of Protestant
Churches.
' 19 45-Was member of U.S.
delegation to San Francisco
which drew up the charter of
the United Nations. ,
1946-Served as member of
original delegation to first
U.N. General Assembly at
Lake Success, N.Y., the first
of four such assignments. '
1949-Appointed to fill un
expired Senate term of New
York's late Sen. Robert F.
Like the President, Dulles
attended the National Presby
terian church in the capital.
The former secretary was the
son of a Presbyterian minis
ter, the Rev. Allen Macy Dul
les. During a state funeral, the
body is accompanied to Ar
lington National cemetery by
a parade of representatives
from the military services. In
an official funeral ceremony,
only a few servicemen partici
pate. They carry the body and
the flag.
The actual graveside cere
monies are almost identical.
Dulles will be given a 19-gun
salute honoring his former
cabinet rank and a bugler
will play taps.
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Life oif John
Wagner. Defeated in attempt
to win full term.
Named Consultant
1950-Named by then Presi
dent Harry S. Truman as
special consultant to Secre
tary of. State.
1951-After negotiating for
a year and a half, succeeded
in working out acceptable
peace treaty with Japan
which he signed on behalf of
the United States.
1952- Served as foreign
policy adviser during Dwight
D. Eisenhower's successful
campaign for the presidency.
1953- Becanle the 53rd U.S.
Secretary of State, following
in trie footsetps of his grand
father and an uncle, Robert
Lansing, who served under
President Wilson.
1953-Through Indian Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru,
initiated tough approach that
persuaded Chinese Commu
nists to sign Korean war
truce.
1954-Was a moving factor
in establishing Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization (SEATO),
a free world counterpart of
NATO against Red aggression
in that area.
1955-Went with Eisen
hower to a "Big Four" sum
mit meeting with Soviet Pre
mier Nikolai Bulganin at Ge
neva but after ensuing foreign
ministers conference report
ed Russians were "unwilling
to negotiate seriously."
1956- Was discovered to
have incurred cancer in .the
colon and underwent opera
tion in November to halt its
spread.
1957-Worked to heal deep
rift with Britain and France
as aftermath of Suez crisis.
1958-D e a 1 1 with crisis
brought to the boiling point
by the Chinese Communist
bombardments of Nationalist
held off shore islands of Que
moy and Matsu and the Krem-
of additives.
ou-lML PfcTROLfcUU CORPORATION, A SOCONV
Dike's Statement
Washington-(lTD-rThe text of the statement written out in
longhand by President Eisenhower at his Gettysburg farm
on the death of John Foster Dulles:
John Foster Dulles is dead. A lifetime of labor for world
peace has ended. His countrymen and all who believe in jus
tice and the rule of law grieve at the passing from the earthly
scene of one of the truly great men of our time.
Throughout his life, and particularly during his eventful
six years as secretary of state, his courage, his wisdom, and
his friendly understanding were devoted to bettering rela
tions among nations. He was a foe only to tyranny.
Because he believed in the dignity of men and in their
brotherhood under God, he was an ardent supporter of their
deepest hopes and aspirations. From his life and work, hu
manity will, in the years to come, gain renewed inspiration
to work ever harder for the attainment of the goal of peace
with justice. In the pursuit of that goal,' he ignored every
personal cost and sacrifice, however great.
. We, who were privileged to work with him, have lost a
dear and close friend as all Americans have lost a champion
of freedom. United, we extend to Mrs. Dulles, to her children
and to all members of the Dulles family our prayers and
deepest sympathies, and the assurance that in our memories
will live affection, respect and admiration for John Foster
Dulles.
lin ultimatums on Berlin and
Germany.
1959-After mission to Eu
rope on Berlin crisis, entered
Walter Reed Army Hospital
on Feb. 10. During hernia op
eration three days later, new
evidence of abdominal cancer
discovered.
Feb. 20-March 20 - Under
went deep X-ray therapy and
injection of radioactive gold
as treatment.'
March 31-Flew to Hobe
Sound, Fla., for "rest and re
cuperation." ,
April 12-Cut short Florida
stay and flew back here to
reenter hospital where ma
lignancy -discovered in neck
area.
April 25-Submitted resigna
tion to President Eisenhower
who "sadly" accepted it.
April 23-Formally sworn
in at hospital suite ceremony
as special foreign policy con
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Foster
sultant to Eisenhower and
State Department; praised his
successor, Christian A. Her
ter. May 9-Developed a mild
case of pneumonia.
Hatfield Praises
John Foster Dulles
Salem -TOPD Gov. Mark
Hatfield praised John. Foster
Dulles today as a man who
"exemplified a world-wide hu
manitarian approach based on
firmness and fairness in all
his actions.
"We have lost one of the
great leaders Oregon has seen
in its century of statehood.
Again we are reminded of the
killer that cancer is and the
toll it takes in human re
sources. May we rededicate
our fight for peace and
against this dread disease,"
Hatfield said.
i I
Dulles
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Washington - (LTD r More
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fatality in 1958, the seventh
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the Association of American
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The Time It Nowl
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Salem, Oregon
- ALAV F. DAVS
State Finance China.
PETER M. GTJNXAR
State Chairman
PoL Adr.