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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (April 8, 1959)
4 Wtdnwday, April 8, MS9 MAIL TRIBUNE, MEDFORD, ORE. Medford&Tribune "Everyone in Southern Oregon Reads The Mail Tribune" Published Daily except Saturday by AKDFORD PRINTING CO. 33 North Fir St. Ph. SP 2-6141 ROBERT W RUHL, Editor KLRB GRE'V Advertising Manager GEPALD LATHAM. Business Mgr ERIC W ALLEN JR.. Managing F.ditor 1 EARL H ADAMS. City Editor HARRY CHIPMAN. Teleg Editor RICHARD JEWETT Sports Editor OLIVE STARCHER Women's Editor DALE ERICKSON. Circulation Mqr An Independent Newspaper Entered as second class matter at Medford Oregon under Act of March 3. 1897 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Mail In Advance. Copy '10c. Dail- and Sunday 1 year $15.00 Daily and Sunday 6 mos. 8.00 Daily and Sunday 3 mos. 4-25 Sunday Only One year $4.20 By Carrier In Advance Medford, Ashland, Central Point, Eagle Point. Jacksonville. Gold Hill, Phoenix. Shady Cove, Rogue Riv er. Talent and on motor routes. Daily and Sunday 1 year $18.00 Daily and SunOcy 1 mo. 1.50 Carrier and Dealers c o p y 10c All Terms Cash in Advance Official Paper of City f Medford" Official Paper of Jackson County United Press International Full Leased Wire MEMBER OF AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION Advertising Representative: WEST-HOLIDAY CO.. INC. Of fices in New York, Chicago, De troit. San Francisco. Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland. St. Louis, At lanta. Vancouver B.C. NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION NATIONAL EDITORIAL Flight 'o Time Medford and Jackson County History from the files of The Mail Tribune 10, 20. 30, 40 and 50 years ago. 10 YEARS AGO April 18, 1949 (Friday) The State board of health approves final plans and spe cifications for the proposed sewage treatment plant at Camp White. Medford school district offi cials apply for a building per mit to erect a $71,000 addition to Lincoln elementary school 20 YEARS AGO April 8, 1939 (Saturday) Medford High school musi cians win four first prizes and a third prize at the state solo ist contest at Corvallis. From Arthur Perry's "Ye Smudge Pot" column: "The city Lawns are pretty well messed up with dandelions, and the country fields with mild mustard, both adding a touch of yellow to the land scape. 30 YEARS AGO April 8, 1929 (Monday) Logging operations start in the Butte Falls district. School heads ponder the se lection of a coach to succeed Prink Callison. 40 YEARS AGO April 8, 1919 (Tuesday) Carl Bowman, who sold his barber shop a week ago, has bought the Nash hotel shop. Pears have emerged un scathed from frost to date. 50 YEARS AGO April 8. 1909 (Thursday) A Medford city councilman and the fire department square off over the size of feed bills for. the department's horsepower. Klamath Falls residents are excited by word that the Southern Pacific . roadbed is about complete and trains will be running through with in 20 days. What's Your I.Q.? Nine or tan correct is superior; seven or eight is excellent; five or six is good. 5 1. Is the dessert most fre quently ordered in American restaurants, ice cream, pie or cake? 2. A city in Wyoming is named for "Buffalo Bill," name it. ' 3. For whom is Rhodesia named? 4. Complete the following: "Tall oaks from little " 5. Two "Presidents of the U.S., having the same sur name, were born in Massa chusetts; who were they? 6. Is 'a clap of thunder heard before, after, or simul taneously with observance of lightning? - 7. Enlisted men of the Army are eligible to sit on courts martial; true or false? 8. In the central part of which large European city is there a district known as Pic adilly Circus? 9 Was the War of 1812 be tween the U.S. and Britain largely land or naval war fare' 10 When a flag is furled, is it such that it will float in the breeze, or is it d Answers: 1. CoY a Cecil Rhodes. 4. acorns up This Dt is uecision ts wrong Readers of these columns may recall that we have been generally pleased with the tenor of recent Supreme Court decisions. We believed the desegregation decision was the only one possible under the circumstances of today; and that many of the subsequent deci sions showed an awareness on the part of the majority of the court of the importance of human and individual rights, as defined in the U.S. Constitution. It was for this reason that a decision within the past week or so, which seems to fly in the face of this tendency toward an open and progres sive approach to the Constitution, came as a surprise. 1X7E REFER to the cases in which the court ''''construed that part of the- Bill of Rights which prohibits double jeopardy as being not applicable to situations where state and federal jurisdictions overlap. The Constitutional phrase in question reads: ". . . nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb . . It is part of the Fifth Amendment. This is the provision which protects a person who has been tried for an offense from having to stand trial again for the same offense. But in the recent decision, the court ruled that a man found innocent of an offense in a state court could then be tried for the same offense in a federal court. . ' IXE HAVE not studied the reasoning of the court's majority in coming to this startling and revolutionary conclusion. But we have read parts of the vehement dis senting opinions of Chief Justice Warren and Justices Douglas and Black, who believe that the decision is wrong, both morally and constitu tionally. The Wall Street Journal comments : "We are as aware as anyone that the 'double jeopardy' prohibition sometimes lets the guilty go free; under it a man once acquitted of murder can there after admit he murder with impunity. But if the Constitutional provision has any moral basis it is in weighing this danger against the danger of continued . and remorseless prosecution of a citizen in one trial after another ... ' "Trying a man twice for the same offense is either the right thing to do or the wrong thing to do. But it cannot possibly be both." We hope, and with some optimism, that the court eventually will reverse itself on this deci sion, which we believe to be untenable under our system of law. E.A. Who is Happy? Is "happiness" an absence of worry or sor row? Is it a state of nerveless euphoria? Is it a negative state 'created by making for 'imhappiness : ... No, by jingo not in our book, it isn't. ' If it were, the idiot or the drunk is "happy," while he who is active cerned and hard-working pmess. rnooey. - - OAPPINESS, in its best sense, is accomplish meht. It is an earned sense of satisfaction. It is the feeling of challenges met and conquered; a feeling of competence m what one is doing; a belief in one's own abilities; a sense of "be longing." Unhappiness, conversely, stems from frustra tion, a sense of uselessness or inadequacy, a con viction that one doesn't measure up to one's own standards -and, sometimes, a simple lack of standards to begin with. A ND it may well be that a mistaken idea of ."what constitutes happiness is at the heart of what is so wrong with many people these days. It has, perhaps, been stimulated by advertis ing which seeks to convince one that a prety face, or a lack of body odor, or the ownership of a particular kind of car or house or labor saving home appliance, will result in that elusive sense of "happiness." There's nothing wrong with these things as such, but they don't make for happiness. Similarly, the emphasis these days on ease, on the absence of strife or controversy or hard work, has been used to sell us on the belief that happiness is defined in these terms. MO, HAPPINESS is not the lack of something. A It isn't a negative quality. Nor is it directly associated with possessions. The happiest people we know are those who are doing a job they believe to be worth-while; who have made a success of their marriage (which isn't automatic in the sense of "living hap pily ever after," either; one-has to work at it); who are active and interested in many things. Their happiness is a positive thing, for they have 'earned it for themselves. . We feel sorry for those who think happiness is something someone else should hand them on a silver platter. E.A. Billboard Bill Killed The Oregon senate's committee on roads and highways has tabled a bill which would have regulated billboards on Highways 99 and 30 the "interstate" routes of the federal system. In doing so they have opened the doors to the erection of advertising signs on these scenic routes, provided by the taxpayers, and offering, in effect, a subsidized "captive audience." Unless the committee legislature acts on this or some similar measure, the solution would seem to be a vote of the people, proposed through initiative petition. We believe the majority of Oregon voters do not want their freeways cluttered by, billboards. E.A. , the absence of things and thoughtful and con is in a state of unhap- reverses itself, and the Dennis the Hex if he's hungry; my don't he have lunch with tffcDAD? HUH? Hllli.VAO?' Today & Tomorrow By Walter Editor's note: Waller Lippmann has just return ed from Europe, where he has taken a first-hand look at the Berlin crisis. This is the third of a four-part re port on the siluation. THE TWO GERMANYS AND BERLIN III The preceding articles have made the point that for the indefinite future the two Ger man states cannot be re united in one German state with its capi tal in Berlin There will be the German F e d e ral Re public of the Walter - Lippmann capital at Bonn. And there will be the German Democratic Republic of the East with its capital at Pankow, which is a ?art of East Berlin. These two Ger man states now deal with one another in many economic and technical matters. Thus, for example, for some consid erable ' time West German traffic to West Berlin has been controlled by the East German government. With the assent of Bonn it exercises the right not only to stamp the identifi cation papers but actually to inspect the cargos. There is every reason to suppose that there will be an increasing intercourse and communication between the two German states. But they do not recognize each other as legal and legitimate sov ereign states. We must, therefore, accept the fact that for years to come -it might be for a generation or more-these two German states will have to live side by side with a frontier on the line fixed by the armistice which ended World War II. From the frontier of East Ger many to the city of Berlin is a distance of 110 miles. The basic problem is how to pro tect the future of the West Berlin community, which con sists of two and a half million people. They must expect to live for an indefinite future, perhaps for the rest of their lives, in the heart of a Com munist state. IN' MY view, the future of West Berlin cannot be se cured adequately by a determ ination to stand firm on .a policy of standing pat. No doubt, we can prevent the Soviet Union and the East German government from blockading West Berlin. We can threaten to go to war if they do. But that is not good enough. West Berlin lies in a strategic trap, and its security cannot be protected adequate ly by military measures alone. It can be secured against blockade and outright aggres sion. But it cannot be made secure against harrassment and a perpetual war of nerves and the feeling that there is no hope. West Berlin is a highly com plicated economic and politi cal community. It enjoys the institution of private property. There is free enterprise in in vestment and in banking and in the management of capital. If the division of Germany is to last for the indefinite fu ture, we must find ways to provide the West Berlin com munity with a dependable order of things. We cannot ex pect the West Berliners to de pend for their whole security upon what over the course of a generation or more we may be able and willing to do with our Strategic Air Force. The West Berliners cannot go on for. years waiting to hear what the Pentagon will say about going to war when ever an East German official Menace 4-8 76 Lippmann harasses them. There has al ready been some considerable flight of capital since the Khrushchev note of last No vember, and the economy of West Berlin will wither if, whenever there is a sign of trouble, the best we can do for it is to threaten World War III. TVTY Conviction is that the future of West Berlin must be protected, not by standing pat but our insisting that West Berlin needs and is entitled to have a new status. When Mr. K. tells us that the present status of Berlin is obsolete, it is a mistake for the West to act as if any departure from the status quo would be a de feat and surrender. It might be a nimprovement. At pres ent the status quo is from our point of view extremely un satisfactory. The right answer to Mr. K. is to propose that we negotiate a new charter or statute in which West Ber lin is guaranteed an ordered future by the presence of Western troops acting under international auspices. A new statute for Berlin is needed because the existing arrangements were impro vised, rather incompetently, by men who regarded them as temporary. Nobody planned them for a long future. No body supposed that there would be two German states with Berlin in the middle of one of them. Only last week we had an example of how ramshackle are our agree ments about access to Berlin, when Soviet fighters buzzed an American plane, which was flying, apparently for the first time, above the customary ceiling of 10,000 feet; ' TN Negotiating a new statute, we should begin by estab lishing the principles under which we have a right to be present in West Berlin and to participate in determining its future. For some extraordin ary reason we have chosen to argue that our rights in Berlin rest upon the right of con quest. That is, if I may say so, a poor reason for the de fenders of civilization to in voke. If we choose to stand on the right of conquest, we s"hall live to regret it. It will boomerang. For where would we be if the Soviet Union, which is also a conqueror of Germany, chose to invoke for itself the right of conquest? The whole of Germany was surrendered to the conquer ors, and if there is a right of conquest, it is not limited to West Berlin. There is no need for us to resort to so primitive and brutal and repellant a prin ciple as the right of conquest. We have a good and sufficient civilized reasons for being in Berlin and for remaining there. We are in Berlin be cause it is the capital of Ger many. We are entitled to stay there until it is once again the seat of a united German government. During our stay in Berlin we have in the course of time acquired a spe cial moral obligation to the 2V2 million inhabitants of West Berlin. This obligation5 we intend to honor and we could well say to Mr. K. that he would despise us as we would ourselves if we did not honor it. UKDR us, negotiations must start from these two funda mentals: the need for a long future of steadfastness and stability, and the need for a change which reflects the new realities. This can best be done if a new statute is negotiated in which the future of Berlin is put in trust with the United Nations. The new charter or statute should begin with an explicit declaration that the United Nations trust will last Scientist Eyes Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Imbalance of Today; Asks More Trees By DR. CHAUNCEY D. LEAKE President-Elecl American Association for the Advancement of Science The vast advances in trans portation, the millions of au tomobiles, trucks and air planes, which we now have running all over the earth, burn up oxygen. This is a great danger. Oxy gen has accumulated on the earth as a result of the photo synthesis of plants. In this process the carbon dioxide which accumulated during the days when volcanoes blew off all over the earth, was converted by sunlight to sugar and oxygen. It is this oxygen that makes possible the land animals such as our selves. We cannot live with out oxygen, and we get in trouble if we produce too much carbon dioxide. Carbon Dioxide Made All modern transportation moves on combustion; that is, the burning of fuel with oxy gen to produce carbon diox ide. Incidentally, a lot of oth er poisonous materials are produced also, but let's just stick to the carbon dioxide picture. For millions of years the earth has been in a whole some balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide; the plants use up the carbon dioxide that comes into the air from burn ing, or from the breathing of animals, and produce sugars and oxygen, so that animals can live. This is a very deli- until the two German states agree to restore Berlin as the capital of a reunited Ger many. Then, in the new statute the right of access, the conditions of co-existence, the relations between the two Berlins and the two Germanys, the pres ence of Allied and United Na tions token military forces, should be spelled out. Though it is a complicated ' thing to do, it is not an impossible thing to establish a city with in a city and within a foreign state. The most striking ex ample, which could Well be used as a suggestive model, is the treaty signed in 1929 between the Holy See and the Kingdom of Italy. This was the Lateran Treaty which established Vatican City. The State of the Vatican is a quite separate sovereign juridical entity although it is in fact entirely surrounded by the Italian city of Rome. The treaty regulates the whole problem of access across Ital ian territory, and it does so with a precision which any one must envy who knows something of the fuzziness of our position 111 Berlin. I think I have reason to say that a solution of this sort would be acceptable in West Berlin. Whether the Russians would accept it there is no way of knowing until we try to negotiate it in concrete terms. But the signs are not altogether unfavorable. Mr. K, nas mentioned me u. im. m connection with Berlin, he has acknowledged that the West has rights and obligations in Berlin, and he has not reject ed the idea of a Western mili tary presence. BOTH sides have much to gain from such a settle ment. For us it would mean that the West Berlin commun ity was guaranteed physical security under a new and much more authoritative sta tute than exists today. It would mean also that the fu ture vras not foreclosed, and that the prospect of Berlin's becoming again the capital of Germany would be reaffirmed with the sanction of the world society. The West Berliners would have a reason for carry ing on. For they would have hope, which, in affairs of this sort, is as important as- hydro gen bombs. The Russians for their part would get a good deal too. They would get, as we would get, the relief that comes from straightening out a dangerous muddle. They would get a pro visional but durable accept ance of the fact that there are two Germanys. Since a United Nations statute would have to be agreed to both by the So viet Union and by the Pan kow government, they would get a de facto recognition of the East German state by the U. N. This might mean much to them in that it would help to stabilize their situation in Eastern Europe. Neither side would "win." But neither would "lose." Each side would hold within its sphere of influence what it now holds, and neither would surrender to the other any territory or any people. But we would get a new legal, political, and moral founda tion and framework which takes account of the hard facts of life - that there will long be two Germanys and that Berlin must be protected in a special way while Germany remains divided. (To be continued.) (Copyright 1959 New York Herald Tribune Inc.) cate balance. It is involved in maintaining the stability of weather. It is important ' in keeping just the right balance for heat capture from the sun and for the preservation of a balance in our water, distribu tion, between the ice caps on the poles and the water vapor in the air. If this exquisite balance is disturbed, things can go bad. We are disturbing this bal ance in a sudden and startling way. We are dumping tons of carbon dioxide, along with a lot of other poisonous mate rial, into the air from the en gines that run our automo biles, trucks and airplanes. Meanwhile, we are also cut ting down our trees and mak ing deserts in our cities. We are in a fair way to get out of balance before we know it. Carbon dioxide helps to build heat. With only a slight increase in the over all car bon dioxide of our atmos phere, wi might add just that bit more heat that could up set our weather balance. Think what might happen if the polar ice caps were really to melt away! Plant Trees Before it's too late, let's start planting trees. Certainly for every automobile we pro duce, we should have at least a dozen trees planted to take care of - the carbon dioxide that we produce and to put back the oxygen that we need. SEATO Still Weak, But Alive, 5 Years After Dien Bien Phu By PHIL NEWSOM . UPI Foreign News Editor Five years ago today the heroic defenders of Dien Bien Phu were entering the fourth veek of siege by the Indo Chinese Reds. It was a siege that was to last 55 days, with Red artil lery zeroed in from the sur rounding hills and the de fenders bat- Pail Newsom tling disease and starvation as well as enemy guns. It was the climax to a war that raged for more than five years previously. For the French it was a fight for sur vival in Asia, for survival in an area in which during 80 years of occupation they had invested about $2 billion but had been slow to permit any degree of independence. For the most of the re mainder of the Western World, the war in Indo-China was a localized affair which stirred little interest. But it was, in fact, a war between the free world and Commu nism, with an import which Communications Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer although "nder cer tain circumstances tne use of a pen name or initial for publica tion is permissible. The Mail Tribune reserves the right to edit all letters with an eye to clarification and condensation. Letters submitted for publica tion must not exceed 400 words Analysis of Education To the Editor: The climax of another phase of education is nearing its goal. High school graduation exercises will soon be at hand. This is just a pre paratory stage for advanced education to our universities and colleges throughout the nation. The choice of special ized education is dependant on the individual's choice. Our world of induced fer ment is moving so rapidly that before the century is finish ed, today's civilization may seem almost primitive. How can we equip ourselves for the trials of adaptation ahead? Given peace we must still look to a decisive con flict. This is a contest of ideas and of intellectual achieve ment and performance, in which the "blood, sweat and tears" will be shed in the classrooms, libraries and la boratories. The ideological war with the Communists has begun silpntlv. and I fear, while we were complacently distracted with, our material pleasures and somewhat indifferent to the need for constant nourish ment of our liberties. It will end gradually, with out signal, and perhaps with out the defeated knowing it for a long time. The Description: A re-ex amination of some of our val Now Many Wear FALSE TEETH With More Comfort FASTEETH, a pleasant alkaline . nnwA Vinlrie falcA t-At.h moa-tttiu; yuwuci., ,T . a i rr a4 anrt tal V in mrr more uruxiy. w i uu - comfort, just sprinkle a little FAS TEETH on your plates. No gummy, gooey, pasty taste or feeling. Checka "plate odor" (denture breath). Get For every truck, we need probably a hundred or more trees to keep the balance. For every airplane, and now for jets, we probably need several hundred more trees. Let's start planting them; let's keep our balance! Meanwhile, our cities are becoming more ugly, our landscapes are becoming more barren, our whole civilization is losing the natural beauty that belongs to all of us in the good regions of the earth. Let's get the trees back to pre serve our watersheds, to give us the oxygen we need to breathe, to remove the car bon dioxide, dusts, and other poisonous materials from the air, and let's get trees back into our cities to hide the ug liness of our buildings. Ugliness Visible One has only to take a little stroll about any one of our big cities to see the ugliness we tolerate. Maybe our libido for ugliness is unconscious, but it certainly is there, -or else we would try to bring some beauty into our cities. This can best be done by trees. Trees can be planted and maintained along our main 'streets, in our business areas, in our commercial and industrial areas, as well as in our residential sections. We need lots more trees, green places and parks in our cities. Trees and shrubs would help enormously in our motor equalled the stakes in Korea and the present stakes in the Middle East and Europe. The siege of Dien Bien Phu captured the imagination of the West and finally it be came likened to the siege of Bataan in which Americans fought and died to delay the southward surge of the Jap anese early in World War II. Out of it also came the birth of a new organization for the defense against Com munist encroachment. It was the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) another brainchild of Secre tary of State John Foster Dulles. Its birth came about like this: Under pressure of the stead ily deteriorating French posi tion in Indo-China, the West ern powers agreed to a con ference in Geneva beginning April 26, 1954, to negotiate an armistice in Indo-China and a political settlement for Korea. Agree on Split Geneva failed to produce a political settlement for Korea but it did agree on a geo graphical split in Indo-China, the principal effects of which were to divide Vietnam, larg est of the Indo-Chinese states, ues and of an awareness of the "reality of the non-military trials that lie ahead." Much of this job lies with the universities. The upward movement of the educational level of the whole population must be accelerated. We must search out and stimulate the fullest development of gifted young , people in all creative fields: we must impart the conviction that education is a lifelong job, and we must seek a balance in educational con tent that will equip the intel lect of the World of Change. We as a nation can shrink from adequate support of ed ucation only at our peril. The bill may seem high,, but we have a pioneering tradition of finding ways to support the development of our frontiers. We gave away free lands in the West. We have subsi dized the railroads, the air lines, the shipping industry. We cannot fail, in our great wealth and our equally great need, to find the means to develop our brainpower, the critical resource of our age. I do hope that every gradu ate that this article reaches can absorb and analyze the contents thoroughly. George T. Salvo, Camp White, Ore. BEAUTIFUL Mountain View CHAPEL ldWLJ Nestled near M. Litwiller overlooking hills. Quiet, c surroundings with adequate off-street parking. Serv ing all who call, with dignity and reverence. Super ior funeral and ambulance service since 1935. LITWILLER Funeral Home Mountain View Chapel Hwy. 66 at Normal Office 88 N. Main ASHLAND We Never Close age. Planted along our high ways in the medians, they might reduce head-on colli sions; they certainly would relieve monotony and lessen fatigue; they can cushion the impact of cars that go off the road; the restore natural beau ty; they help maintain the roadside, particularly in the prevention of erosion and they are thus economical; they reduce noise, dust, and take our carbon dioxide from the air; they can effectively screen off the ugliness of in dustrial areas, and they can afford rest places for safety and recreation. Trees in Cities More importantly are trees needed in the cities. Here they can help in reducing noise and dust, in providing cool shade in the summer, and in hiding the ugliness of our buildings both in summer and winter. Certainly if we are to pre serve our balance in connec tion with our wasteful use of oxygen from the air, and with our appalling increase in the amount of carbon dioxide we are dumping into it, it can best be done by planting trees; at least ten trees for every automobile, at least a hundred trees for every truck. This would promote beauty, stabilize our weather pattern and help maintain : our land in the beautiful natural way that we all enjoy. into north and south, the north going to the Commu nists under Ho Chi Minn and the south becoming the re public of Vietnam. Dulles ab stained from the Geneva agreement but two days after its conclusion called for col lecting arrangements for the security of the "free peoples of Southeast Asia." On Sept. 8, 1954, SEATO came into being in Manila. In its membership were the the United States, Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, The Philippines, Australia and New Zealand. It was both an alliance against expanding Commu nism and against the imperial ist ambitions of Red China. Unfortunately, the weak nesses it had then, it suffers from still. Continues to Function It never was a cohesive mili tary organization such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organi zation (NATO) in Europe. And of its membership, only The Philippines and Thailand truly were Southeast Asian. It ex cluded Nationalist China on Formosa and it was looked upon with suspicion by Indo nesia, Burma and India. Nor could it operate as an economic aid because that field already was covered by the 18-nation Colombo Plan. Its first attempt at joint military maneuvers came close to being a fiasco. But with all its weaknesses, SEATO has continued to func tion and perhaps to act as a deterrent against Communist aggression. This week in Well ington, N. Z., SEATO meets again. A heartening report will say that Communism has been reduced materially in The Philippines and Pakistan. PACIFIC INDUSTRIAL "MONEYLAND" I I I I prompt, courteous personal loam I and new or used car financing I I 16 S. Central Ph. SP 3-S308 Jim Elbert, Manager Open Daily 9 A.M.-5 P.M. Mondays Till 8 P.M. Closed Saturdays t ii n vim the pines, I L the eternal Mrs. Litwiller peaceful' ! COME TO owsw or Mane rftwiet 1 1 - J ... 'It is better to know us and not need us than to need us and not know us." - i
