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Neutralism Is Topic of Discussion
For This Week's Decisions Program
ine xerm neutralism, mean
ing the refusal of many nations
to take sides in the cold war, has
been used at times in the United
States as an unfriendly term.
TTie implication is, "if you're not
for us, you're against us."
Recently, however, some po
litical scientists have suggested
that, for some countries and un
der certain circumstances, "neu
trahsm" might be a desirable
policy from the American point
of view.
Last October, four days after
the Hungarian revolution start
ed (and after a bloodless revolu
tion had installed an "independ
ent Communist government in
Poland) Secretary of State John
Foster Dulles indicated that the
u.5. might welcome a Commu
nist brand of. "neutralism"
among the satellites of Eastern
fcurope
"We do not look upon theso
nations as potential military al
lies," Dulles explained. "We
nave no desire to surround the
Soviet Union with a band of hos
tile states.
Economic Aid
However, from the White
rouse at he same time came
oners of economic aid to the
Cofianuni governments of both
Poland nd Hungary. The offer
to Hungary wag dropped Jan. 8
when it became clear that the
iiunganan revolution had failed
ana trrat the Janos Kadar gov
ernment was Moscow-controlled
But the U.S. is still working on
'Ki5iauon 10 provide aid to
.Poland
At the height of the Polish
and Hungarian crises, political
commentators differed widely
onwnat the U.S. should do.
Some favored a show of force.
eitner by U.S. troops or throueh
the UN. although most agreed
mis could lead only to war with
Russia.
Utners suggested a cautious
(jpo.icy, including moral pressure
through the UN, offers of eco
nomic aid to any genuinely inde
pendent satellite government,
plus reassurances to Russia that
it would have nothing to lose in
granting more independence to
the satellites. This seems to have
been the policy adopted by the
administration.
Gradual Evolution
"Gradual evolution" of the
satellites toward "greater inde
pendence" from Russia is "the
best we can hope for," in the
words of ex-ambassador to Rus
sia George F. Kennan.
The current U.S. attitude
seems to be favorable toward
deing wifcji a Communist gov
ernment in eastern Europe as
long as that government shows
some measure of independence
from Moscow.
U.S. aid to Poland, four
months after it was offered by
thj PrWicfent. is still bogged
down by legal technicalities. A
1954 law prevents selling of
farm surpluses for foreign cur
rency to Russia and satellite
countries and Poland has no
U.S. dollars to pay for the prod
ucts. President Eisenhower re
vealed late in January that "pre
paratory steps are under way"
to (Jllow Poland to buy U.S.
farm commodities and machin
ery "on credit." New legislation
)y be required to legalize such
Question Baited
In the case of Hungary, some
observers now are raising the"
question o whether U.S. inter
irw generous earnings wmui we oaa
: regularly steps up the rate of growth
-
and there's no substitute for the safety
pS and convenience that
S& you save here.
3Vi
i
Current Dividend
FIRST FEDERAL
Savings & Loan Association of Medford
29 North Ivy Street R. F. Kyle, President
ests would be served better by
continuing to boycott the Kadar
regime, or by offering economic
aid which might wean the Hun
garian government away from
so much dependence on Russia.
The crisis in Hungary is severe;
food production is down to 60
per cent of pre-revolutionary
levels, and coal production has
dropped from 78,000 tons to
45.000 tons daily.
Henry Ford II raised this
same question Jan. 28:
"Thus far we have tended to
apply economic sanctions in the
form of drastic trade limitations
and laws which largely prohibit
us from offering (the Communist
states) help . . . but it appears
that our policies have tended to
play right into the Kremlin's
hands to the extent that they
make the satellites more depend
ent upon Moscow ... I think we
need to be more realistic . . .
Shouldn't we give them . . . some
alternative to their present ties
with the Kremlin?"
The decision that must be
made takes into account two
problems: If the U.S. can reduce
satellite economic dependence
on Moscow, will this lead to
more political independence? Or
if the U.S. aids a Moscow puppet
like the Kadar regime in Hun
gary, will this only strengthen
the puppet and Russian control?
Attention Focused
At this moment in history,
Washington's attention is fo
cused on the Middle East, trying
to .work out a method of keep
ing that area free from Commu
nist subversion or conquest.
But American projects such
as the "Eisenhower doctrine,"
students of the area warn, are
apt to run head-on into the "neu
tralism of key countries in that
area countries which like
many dthers across Asia and
Africa proclaim their determina
tion to avoid entanglements with
either big power bloc in the
cold war.
Russia's counter -proposal of
recent weeks to cooperate with
the West in development of the
Middle East, slop arms ship
ments and junk Western mili
tary bases-is designed to appeal
to this "neutralist frame of
mind.
Folicy Enforcement
Enforcement of the Eisen-
enhower doctrine" policy to
guarantee the independence of
the Arab states and Egypt de
pends on the cooperation of any
Middle Eastern nation threat
ened by Communist aggression.
But Egypt and Syria, the two
countries which have benefited
most from Russian military and
financial aid, show no signs of
"cooperating" with any U.S. pol
icy to block Communist expan
sion. President Gamal Abdel
Nasser Jan. 17 stated that Egypt
is "neither pro-East nor pro
West." But Egypt's cotton econ
omy has been "mortgaged" for
30. years in trade agreements
with the Communist bloc, and
Egypt is believed to have re
ceived over $400,000,000 worth
of Communist arms and military
equipment. Syria has likewise
received Russian aid, and Rus
sian political influence in the
Syrian government is reckoned
extremely strong.
In assessing the "neutralism"
of Egypt and Syria, therefore,
many policymakers believe that
these countries really seem to be
"neutral against the United
States."
f-t it
are yours when
Per Annum
President Eisenhower's inau
gural address January 21 may
supply a clue to administration
tactics in dealing with these
types of "neutralist" Middle
East nations a policy of friend
ship but no threat of U.S. dom
ination. Cherish Friendship
"We cherish our friendship
with all the nations that are or
would be free," the President
declared. "We respect, no less,
their independence . . . We no
more seek to buy their sover
eignty than we would sell our
own. Sovereignty is never bar
tered among free men."
Some see in this and other re
cent statements an indication
that the United States has no
illusions that it can find mili
tary allies against Communism
in the Arab Middle East. There
fore, some commentators be
lieve, the Eisenhower adminis
tration may now be willing to
live with "neutralism" in the
Middle East as long as this "neu
tralism" doesn't lean exclusively
on Russian aid and influence.
During the current struggle
between the world's two powers,
the democratic United States
and the Communist USSR, most
Americans have come to look on
neutralism and therefore neu
tralist nations with great sus
picion, if not with actual dis
trust. Takes Issue
In an article in the Foreign
Policy association's periodical,
Headline Series, Dr. Paul Ar
thur Schilpp, professor of phi
losophy at Northwestern univer
sity, takes issue with this atti
tude. "For the American people,"
Dr. Schilpp states, "such an at
titude represents a complete
break with our own historic
past ... It was George Washing
ton himself who warned against
any and all entangling alliances
a warning which, as a nation,
we heeded right into the 20th
century.
"The fact is that until Pearl
Harbor in 1941, the American
Oregon Views Given
On How U.S. Should
Compete With Russia
Corvallis United Nations
pressure on Russia and "pri
vate" expansion of U.S. industry
to meet Russian economic com
petition abroad were favored as
foreign policy alternatives by
Oregonians balloting in the cur
rent Great Decisions program
for 1957.
Oregon State college this week
tabulated opinion ballots on the
issue, "How Should U.S. Com
pete with Russia," as viewed by
discussion groups throughout
Oregon.
First of Eight
This was the first of eight key
foreign policy issues that will
be tackled by informal groups
participating in Great Decisions,
sponsored this year by the OSC
extension service in cooperation
with other educational agencies
and organizations. Opinion bal
lots for each issue will be tabu
lated at OSC and sent to the
U.S. state department and con
gress. Ballots on the first issue of
"Competition with Russia" indi
cated strong reliance on United
Nations to check Soviet expan
sion. While Oregon Great Decisions
voters shied away from arbi
trary government planning of
U.S. industrial growth, the ma
jority favored some form of vol
u n t a r y industry - government
planning to compete with Rus
sian industrial expansion.
Clot Planning
Oregon voters gave high pri
ority to close planning with
Western European allies to avoid
damaging competition among
free-world partners in develop
ing economic strength to com
pete with the Soviet. The vote
for this plan was 38.4 per cent in
Jackson county.
Groups discussing the first is
sue also favored U.S. industry
cooperation with educators in
establishing more and better
technical education. They oppos
ed setting up new schools at fed
eral expense to train teachers
and students in engineering and
the sciences. The vote for this
in Jackson county as 51.6 per
cent.
Suggested policy for dealing
with communist satellites favor
ed working with United Nations
in focusing world attention on
what the Soviets are doing. In
Jackson county, 35.4 per cent of
the voters agreed with this
stand. But opinion was stronger
among Jackson county groups
than elsewhere in Oregon to at
tempt liberation of satellites
with .UN troops bolstered by
American troops. Broadcasting
of "freedom" programs into sat
ellite countries also rated high
among alternatives of foreign
policy.
Help to Non-Communists
Help to non-communist coun
tries, especially underdeveloped
ones, in building profitable busi
people favored neutrality. Yet,
within the span of less than a
quarter of a century we have
apparently completely reversed
ourselves. Today we applaud
our allies, we fear our enemies,
and we berate and despise only
the neutralists."
Dangerous Altitude
Dr. Schilpp feels this attitude
is dangerous in that it enables
the Soviet leaders to play on
neutralists' feeling by pointing
out the United States as leader
of a "war bloc of military alli
ances." Therefore he pleads for
an understanding of the neutral
ist position as the neutralists
themselves, see it.
Dr. Schilpp said that for some
countries, at least for the time
being, neutralism is inevitable.
U.S. reaction to neutralist na
tions should be one of under
standing and assistance, he de
clared. In order to make this econom
ic assistance effective and keep
it from bearing the stigma of
"having strings attached," Dr.
Schilpp suggests that it be done
on a long-range basis through
seme international agency.
Standard of Living
"If we really want to raise the
standard of living in the under
developed countries, we must
show that we are more concern
ed with getting this job done
than with getting credit for our
aid," he asserts.
"Enlightened sociologists long
ago taught us that effective aid
to underprivileged individuals
cannot be rendered by individ
ual handouts from the back
porch without damage to the
needy person's self-respect, but
must be handled on a community-wide
basis through the regu
lar channels of social service
agencies," the professor states.
Rendering of U.S. aid through
United Nations channels and ac
tive espousal of democratic
ideals in deed as well as word
are recommended by the pro
fessor as the best methods for
dealing with the neutralist
nations.
ness " with the West received
strong support among Oregon
voters. In Jackson county, 32.1
per cent supported this.
Approaches included opening
of U.S. markets, discouraging
trade with Russia, and strong aid
programs to build up underde
veloped countries.
Ballots now being tabulated
at OSC for the second of the
eight issues deal with the prob
lem of "What U.S. Policy for
Europe." Persons still wishing
to join informal discussion
groups for the current series
may get details from their local
county extension agent.
Christmas Tree Group
To Discuss Affiliation
Cave Junction Affiliation
with Northwest and National
Christmas Tree associations will
be discussed at a meeting of
the Southern Oregon Christmas
Tree association Feb. 25 at the
Grange hall in Bridgeview.
Clark Betts of Portland, pres
ident of the Northwest Christ
mas Tree association, will be
the guest speaker.
IHAV1
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Electrical Advertising Display
by Electrical Products Corp.
1228 Court St. Medford
Great Decisions
Program Successful
Salem Gov. Robert D.
Holmes said recently the Great
Decisions program in Oregon,
now in its third year, has been
successful through the coopera
tion of state agencies and vol
untary county and community
committee on a local level.
Agencies organizing the pro
gram were the Oregon State Col
lege Extension service, general
extension division, State Depart
ment of Education, the State Li
brary and the World Affairs
council working with represent
atives of the foreign policy as
sociation. The governor said the pro
gram involves seven TV sta
tions, 34 radio stations and more
than 40 newspapers carrying
weekly information in Oregon
on eight foreign policy issues.
There are more than 300 in
formal discussion groups in
which from four to 5,000 peo
ple are involved discussing is
sues and deciding what United
States foreign policy should be
in each case, he added.
Great Decisions was started
in Portland in 1955 and now has
participation in 24 Oregon
counties. Holmes described GD
as a progressive program which
may provide a pattern for other
states to follow.
Industry Promotion
Meeting Scheduled
Brookings A public meet
ing to promote more industry in
Brookings has been called here
Tuesday to consider possible
steps needed to bring new rev
enue into the community. The
meeting will be held in the
Brookings High school auditor
ium. Brookings city officials have
indicated the current slowdown
in the lumber industry here has
pointed out the need for new
industry into the community.
The area needs new and diversi
fied industry, city officials have
stated.
The general meeting was call
ed by Gordon Olsen, president of
the Brookings Businessmen's as
sociation. Olson said a possible alternate
for Brookings might be a non
profit industry promotion ven
ture similar to one that has se
cured large industries for Mc
Minnville. Local Students Visit
College in Portland
Portland Eleven students
from Medford High school visit
ed classes and participated in
student activities at Lewis and
Clark college Friday.
The group, accompanied by
Mrs. George C. Flanagan, Med
ford youth worker and member
of the college board of trustees,
was housed in campus dormi
tories during the two-day visit.
In addition to visiting classes,
the visitors attended the Whitman-Lewis
and Clark basketball
game and later an informal
dance sponsored by the Pep
club.
Students returned to Medford
late Saturday.
Those making the trip were
Denise Bruning, Marilyn Bush
nell, Kaye Christian, Carol
Dyke, Joyce Gregory, Caroline
Hedrick, Jonna Lou Henson,
Lois Kelly, Kay McCormick,
Ann Stimson and Bruce West.
WEATHER
By United Press
Northern California: Rain
likely Sunday; heavy snow and
strong winds in mountains. Little
change in temperature.
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Sunday, February 24, 1957
Celestial Animal Parade
Visible First of Month
By FAY BENTLEY
Would you like to visit a me
nagerie that contains two bears,
a lion, two dogs, a swan, an
eagle, a most unusual horse, a
sea goat, a whale, some, fishes,
a ram, a beautiful white bull,
a dragon, a hare, a crow, two
asses', some snakes, three baby
goats, and even a scorpion?
This animal collection has
fascinated thousands of people
since the beginning of time and
has the advantage of being
readily accessible to all. -.
Given a clear night, the two
bears and the dragon are always
within sight, but the other crea
tures are being constantly
changed. Most of them are on
display for only six months at
a time.
Celestial Animals
The last week of February
and the first week of March will
afford an opportunity to see this
parade of celestial animals with
out interference by moonlight,
as old Luna will be passing
through the last quarter and
new moon phases. If you can.
find a position away from arti
ficial lights which commands a
view of the entire sky your ef
forts will be richly rewarded. '
By 8 p.m. the Great Bear, well
known by the asterism called
the Big Dipper, will be high' in
the northeast, standing on its
handle with the cup reaching
upward.
To the left of the Big Dipper
and slightly lower in the sky is
the Little Bear or Little Dipper
as we commonly call it. Winding
between the Bears is the. long
tail of Draco the Dragon, whose
' ody is outlined by a row of
rather dim stars which start at
a point just to the left of the
"Pointers", in the Big Dipper,
curve downward and then
double back to the boxlike head
of four stars just above the hori
zon and almost directly beneath
the cup of the Little Dipper.
Orion's Two Dogs
In the south, Orion's two dogs
continue their nightly chase aft
er the rabbit, or Lepus the
Hare. Sparkling, scintillating
Sirius, brightest of all stars in
the heavens will engage your at
tention at once. This is the Dog
Star, head of Canis Major or the
Big Dog. After finding Sirius the
body of this animal can be eas
ily traced as it is shaped much
like a dachshund.
Much higher in the sky and
to the left or east of Sirius is the
Little Dog or Canis Major con
sisting of the bright star, Pro
cyon, with a dim star about an
arm's length above and to the
right of Procyon.
Lepus the Hare, or the Rab
bit, shaped much like a bow of
ribbon or a butterfly is located
just to the right of Sirius in Ca
nis Major. This places Lepus di
rectly beneath the feet of Orion,
brightest constellation in the en
tire heavens, whose identifica
tion point is the three stars of
equal magnitude, equally spaced
in a short slanting line, which
forms the belt of The Hunter.
Western Horizon
Low on the western horizon,
from north to south we find Pe
gasus the Flying Horse, Pisces
the Fishes and Cetus the Whale
slipping lower and lower each
evening.
The Great Square, identifica
tion point for Pegasus, rests on
one corner as it disappears. Only
three of the four stars in this
rectangle are visible by 8 p.m.
The large V in the Fishes rests
on its side with the point of the
V reaching southward. Cetus the
Whale is just south of this V and
is sinking, tail first, down the
western sky.
A small obtuse triangle of
three stars almost due west, just
above the V in The Fishes rep
RELVlNATORj
VICTOR
MONT ,
'31 I
resents the body of Aries the
Ram. Starting from the top these
stars" become progressively faint
er. Do not confuse Aries with
Triangulum which is a small
acute triangle of three stars of
almost equal magnitude, higher
m the heavens than the Ram and
farther to the right or north
than the first-mentioned tri
angle. Shoulder of Taurus
High in the southwest the
shoulder of Taurus the Bull is
represented by the open star
cluster in the form of a tiny dip
per called the Pleiades. To the
left or south of the Pleiades and
somewhat higher in the sky a
second star cluster, the Hyades,
with the reddish, first magnitude
star, Aldebaran, twinkling gaily
as the right eye of the creature,
outlines the face of The Bull.
During th-; weeks of autumn,
the Pleiades were much higher
in the heavens than the Hyades,
but as the westward journey pro
gresses, the Pleiades precede the
Hyades down the "hills of hea
ven" to the western horizon.
Actress Rhonda Fleming
Slightly Hurt in Crash
Hollwood U.R) Actress
Rhonda - Fleming, 30, rested at
home today after suffering mi
nor injuries when her car col
lided with another vehicle.
The actress was treated for'
bruises and minor cuts Thurs
day at Santa Monica Emergency
Hospital and then released to go'
home. The driver of the other
car, John M. Rowsey, also was
treated for minor injuries.
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MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE FIVE
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Eugene Two Medford itu-
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stein, 7 Glen Oak Court, and
Michael R. DeVbre, son of Mr.
and Mrs. Ronald DeVore, 806
East Jackson street, are partici
pating in a program designed to
attract top high school students
to the University of Oregon by
means of "informal contact"
with prospective students.
AHI MODESTY
Perpignan, France (U.R)
Police were lookuig Saturday
for the pranksters who added a
touch of modesty to the statue
of Venus in the town square. The
jokers fitted Venus with a pink
brassiere during the night.
MONEY
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