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About Medford mail tribune. (Medford, Or.) 1909-1989 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 10, 1957)
4 G O O o o o '.' o j. o o O o 0 TEX MEDFORD (OREGON) MAIL TRIBUNE Sunday, February 10, 1957 Communist China's Policy lan Neighbors Decisions MS (Editor i note: Thii is anoth er in th aerias of articles O discussing subjects of the "Great Decisions . . . 1957" program. Today's article dis cusses Red China and wheth er or not the country has become a major Communist ; power.) The past 2V4 months, in the sspinion of a number of observ ers, have transformed Red China from Russia's junior Asian part iiyr into a major world power. Since mid-November, these commentators point out, the Communist Chinese government has pursued its vigorous policy , toward Asian neighbors like In dia and Burma; thrown its weight on the side of Russia in the troubled Middle East, and juavped into the middle of Rus sia's problems with the East European satellites possibly strengthening a shaky Commun ist alliance. If this trend continues, the est may some day have to deal with Red China as one of a new "big three" Washington, 0Moscow and Peiping. On these terms the world balance of pow er might shift dangerously in favor of a unified, aggressive Communist bloc. And the U.S. may be forced to deal as an equal with Peiping, a Commun ist government that it does not now recognize. O What regent events raise these fears of a new and globally pow erful Communist China. Last November, under U. S. I leadership, the UN general as sembly voted once again to post- Europe to help preserve the "un- pone debate on the question of giving China's UN seat to the Communist government in Peip ing. The seat is now held by Chiang K'ai-shek's Kuomintang government on Taiwan The day alter that UN vote. Red China's premier and for eign minister, Chou En-lai, be gan a global junket that step by step uncovered Red China's 1957 approach to the rest of the world. First stop was Commnist North Vietnam, where Chou con ferred with government leaders wno nad just quashed a reac- "Great Decisions . . . 1957" subjects will be discussed on three Rogue valley radio and television stations this week. Radio station KMED will carry the Great Decisions pro gram at 9 p.m. today, and KWIN, Ashland, will carry the program at 9:15 p.m. today. Station KBES-TV will telecast the program at 6:30 p.m. Thursday. d t I I I I SPECIAL! o DO-GLOSS latox for fotoriors! Us" Ones uuiiMy ... bo SQ76 "pumty" odor! hi V 126 (red) WESTERN MATURE-TONES! J J.W.COPELAND J 1765 N. Riverside J i Phone 2-5235 ! I 1 tionary uprising" in one of the provinces. Next, he went to neutralist Cambodia for a good will visit, then on to Burma to discuss a persistent border dispute that mars relations be tween the two neighboring coun tries. Here Chou stood firm making no concessions to Burma Two of Chou's key steps were m India, visiting Prime Min ister Jawaharlal Nehru before and after Nehru's trip to Wash ington for conferences with President Dwight D. Eisenhow er. It is believed that Nehru raised the question of a UN seat for Red China in his talks with Eisenhower. New Foreign Policy Although this idea apparent ly got nowhere in Washington. Chou immediately uncovered two new lines in Red China's foreign policy: 1. The UN is inefectual and proved it in its handling of the Suez crisis. 2. Red China opposes U. S. "imperialism" in the Middle East (specifically, the "Eisen hower doctrine" to guarantee the scurity of the area from Communist aggression). The first line, regarding the UN, might be dismissed as "sour grapes." But point two raised the question in Western capitals: Since whe,n does Red China have any legitimate interests in the Middle East Interests in Europe The next startling develop ment was when Red China pre sented itself as a power with in terests in Europe as well. The Hungarian revolution had given international Communism its worst setback to date in the eyes of world opinion. On New Year's day Chou in terrupted his Asian tour. After week of conferences in Pei ping, he spent two weeks trav eling through satellite Europe mending Communist fences and repairing satellite ties with Mos cow, particularly in Poland and Hungary. To some observers Chou was Russia's "errand boy." To others he appeared as a powerful spokesman for the international Communist movement and grow ing Chinese power. In his own words, he had come to Eastern ity" of the Communist countries "headed by the great Soviet Un ion. Drifting Away There was some evidence dur ing December and January that the new Polish government of Wladyslaw Gomulka was drift ing away from Moscow and closer to the kind of independent Communism which characterizes the Yugoslavia of Marshal Tito. It was during these troubled days that Chou En-lai appeared in Warsaw to negotiate with the Gomulka government. After five days of talks a joint communique revealed the re sults of Chou's efforts. In return for a statement guar anteeing against interference in domestic affairs, Poland gave its guarantee of support to the rest of the Communist bloc in inter national affairs. Election Held A few days after Chou's visit to Wfersaw, elections were held in Poland. They resulted in a clear victory for Gomulk's Com munist government. Observers gave Chou a little of the credit, even though agreeing that the Polish citizen's fear of provok ing Russia was most important. Chou's principle of "preserving Communist unity," appeared to be sticking. Meanwhile, there is much speculation on the meaning of Red China's new role in the world. Here are some current in terpretations: On the economic side, Com munist Chinese leaders believe that their own system can sur vive only with continued aia from Russia. Any rift between Russia and the East European satellites would create an eco nomic as well as a political drain on Russia, and might impair Russia's aid to Red China. Politically, the "ultimate vic tory" of Communism requires real unity m the Communist camp. Too much satellite inde pendence weakens the world Communist movement, and may delay its final victory. This is just as important to Peiping as it is to Moscow. Questions Survival Finally, it may be a question of survival. Russia and the world Communist movement are in real trouble as a result of in ternal unrest not only in the satellites, but in Russia and Red China themselves. This analysis is supported by reports of mass arrests during January in China and of student protests in Russia, followed by a grass-roots hand shaking tour of Russia by the Kremlin s top leadership late in January. Because of all this unrest in the Communist world, these ob servers believe, both Peiping and Moscow are alarmed. They feel they must "crack down" now before dissatisfaction gets out of hand. Chou's trip was part of this campaign. Red China's outspoken new role challenges the United States with several urgent questions, such as these: 1. Does Red China's partner ship with Russia on a newly global basis create a united, pow erful and hence more dangerous world Communist bloc? Can the U. S. do anything to weaken the Moscow-Peiping axis? Toward Subject 2. Has Russian aggression in Hungary, and Red China's sup port of it, seriously damaged the prestige of these two nations in "neutralist" Asia, Africa and the Middle East? If so, how can the U. S. capitalize on this situation? 3. If Russian and Red Chinese tactics during the last few months have successfully con verted the weakness of satellite revolts into the strength of world Communist unity, how will this new situation affect future American policies? Involved in the answers to these key questions are such U.S. policies as recognition of Red China, seating of Red China in the UN, military and economic aid to nations on the Communist borders, and aid end encourage ment to "independence" move ments In Eastern Europe. Stalin Bandwagon Red China's Premier Chou En lai jumped on the "back to Stalin" bandwagon during his January visit to Moscow, and, some believe, helped the Krem lin reverse a trend of the past two years. "De-Stalinization" had started at the 20th Communist party congress in Moscow in Febru ary, 1955. Unexpectedly, Party First Secretary Nikita S. Khrushchev denounced former dictator Stalin for a host of mis Quickly the downgrading of Stalin became fashionable throughout the Communist world, and anti-Stalin Commu nists who had been -hanged or imprisoned were "rehabili tated." Cautiously Attacked De-Stalinization in China, however, never went quite so far as in other countries. Al though Stalin was cautiously at tacked in the party press, early in the campaign to discredit the ex-leader Chinese party officials recalled Stalin's "indelible achievements." . In the opinion of many stu dents of the situation, the anti Stalin campaign led inevitably to the unrest which plagued the Communists in Poland. Hungary and possibly inside Russia it self. It was as if the safety valve had been opened and could not be closed again. Since November Russian lead ers have appeared to be closing the safety valve, returning to praise of Stalin. At Chou's Mos c o w reception in January, Khrushchev called Stalin "an ex ample of a good Communist." Chou vigorously" applauded the new Khrushchev line. It has been suggested that Red China may be friendly to the memory of Stalin, who had been denounced as leader of a "cult of personality," because Peiping has its own "personal ity" problem. Mao Tse-tung, head of the Chinese Communist government, has been glorified in China somewhat as Stalin once was in Russia. In any event, observers agree that firm control of future un rest is important to leaders in both Moscow and Peiping. If current trends are a key to the future, Russia and Red China will be working hand in hand around the globe in 1957 to pre sent a united Communist front to the rest of the world. Jobholder Number Dips By 1,660,000 During January. Washington -W.R) The num ber of American jobholders dropped by 1,660,000 in Janu ary, the government reported today. The number of jobholders in January stood at 62,890,000 and the number of unemployed at 2,940,000. These were approxi mately the same levels as in January, 1956. . This marked the first time since March, 1955, that the num ber of jobholders for one month did not show a gain over the same month of the previous year. Farm Jobs Blamed The Commerce and Labor de partments said failure of the em ployment total to show an in- j crease over January, 1956, was due to "the substantially lower level of farm employment." To- i tal non - farm employment also declined sharply between De cember and January but was still a record high level for the month. The departments said the 1, 660,000 December to January i decline was due to sharp post Christmas cutbacks in retail trade and postal service, large ' declines in construction and oth- I er outdoor work due to "abnor mally severe weather" and also to a larger than usual decline in factory jobs. ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS o 10 YEAR WARRANTY o NOTHING DOWN! 2 YEARS TO PAY ' O IMMEDIATE INSTALLATION o 40 Gal. National Upright... $99.95 52 Gal. National Tabletop $122.95 Toilet, Close Coupled, Reverse Trap-with Seat $37.50 Stop Toilet Tank Sweating with Tank Liner ..... $3.95 Stainless Steel Double Sink - 21x32 $49.50 Ventilatorfor Kitchen, Bath or Laundry .$19.20 IN PLUMBING, HEATING OR AIR CONDITIONING LET MODERN'S TRAINED MEN SOLVE YOUR PROBLEMS LOTS OF PARKING SPACE AND SERVICE WITH A SMILE AT Modern Plumbing & Sheet Metal Co. 613 East Jackson Tel. 3-5368 Refinancing of Federal Debt Seen Washington U.R The Treasury reported today it has been moderately successful in re financing S10.7 billion of the government debt which falls due shortly. It did so. It said, by offering the highest interest rates on short term securities since the depression days of 1933. The Treasury said it has ex changed nearly $9.9 billion in maturing . securities for new issues, leaving about $875 mil lion or 8 per cent, to be re deemed in cash. The government's over all debt is $275 billion, but only $10.7 billion of it must be re financed at this time. Treasury officials conceded that the cash demand on matur-; ing issues .was slightly , higher ! than had been expected. Many holders of the securities, they said, apparently want cash to pay their income taxes. The governments cash bal ance on Tuesday was $1.6 bil lion, slightly lower than normal. One official said the $875 mil lion remaining to be paid will be a "pretty substantial drain" on the balance. But he said it still is "too early to tell" whether the gov ernment will have to issue new securities to cover it. Bond Issue Defeated For Josephine School Grants Pass A $800,000 bond issue proposed to finance con struction of a new high school in the Josephine county-unit school district was defeated here Wed nesday by a 1,361 to 840 vote, according to unofficial district tabulations. Defeat of the bond issue means the district will continue its tui tion agreement with district 7, Grants Pass, under which some 630 students living in the county district currently attend Grants Pass schools. This was the second recent bond issue held in the county, one being defeated and the other being approved by district 7 vot ers to finance construction of a new junior high school. The district board is expected to take some action on the mat ter Monday, according to County Superintendent Elmer Fleming. There ' probably will be an In formal agreement that the county-district board will extend its contract with district 7, he said. SOC Students Attend Legislative Seminar . Ashland Six students from Southern Oregon college attend ed a two-day legislative seminar Thursday and Friday at Willam ette university in Salem.- Dr. Marshall Woodell, professor of social science at SOC, accompa nied the group. The seminar meets every two years when the Oregon state leg islature convenes. Seminar rep resentatives visited legislative sessions of the House of Repre sentatives and the Senate. Com mittee meetings of both houses also were attended. START SAVING NOW OK MARKET OK !N ? MARKET 11M1 Mart Hvlllils OPEN EVERY L ft. NIGHT -TIL A mm FOR YOUR OLD WATER HEATER Regardless of type, size or condition "WESTINGHOUSE Electric Water Heater i ! ' fir ! ! I' 1 mmmmmm , Yes, this is a no-strings-attached offer. That old water heater even if it's full of holes and plugs is worth real money on a brand new deluxe Westinghouse Electric Water Heater all models all sizes. So dependable it's backed by the world's best 10-year Protection Policy. Hurry limited time. Stop in right awayl you can be sure...if tT'sstinghouse TROWBRIDGE & FLYHH ELECTRIC Co. 214 West Main St. Phone 2-5211 1 1 MACCI THAT "D AW NOW! February 20, 21, 22, 23 MEDFORD SENIOR HIGH MEDFORd MAIL TRIBUNE I USE TRIBUNE WANT ADS r O o o
